Analysis on the clinical features of 22 basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is a rare and highly malignant tumor mostly observed in the proximal bronchi. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung cases typically show rapid clinical progression, very poor prognosis and special pathological morphology. This project aimed to examine the clinical features of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and the factors related to its prognosis; and to compare survival outcomes between basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (PDSC).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Between January 2004 and December 2008, pathological sections from basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and PDSC of the lung were collected and retrospectively analyzed at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS11.0). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate. Log-rank test was used to compare the differences in survival rate between the two groups. The factors influencing prognosis were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 120 pathological sections were used in the analysis of this study-22 from basaloid squamous cell carcinoma cases and 98 from PDSC cases. Compared to the PDSC group, the basaloid squamous cell carcinoma group had a larger proportion of female patients (p = 0.001); however it had higher proportion of male smokers (p = 0.003). There were no statistically significant differences in survival rate between the two groups (χ²= 1.200, p = 0.273). Additionally, prognosis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma is significantly influenced by treatment mode and clinical stages of the tumor. The post-operation mortality hazard of patients treated with a combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy was 1.296 times higher than other treatment modes (<it>p </it>= 0.025). Increases in post-operation mortality hazard ratio were also associated with more advanced clinical stage of tumors (χ²trend = 11.907, <it>p </it>= 0.000).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study demonstrated that basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and PDSC have very similar clinical features, and there are no significant differences in survival rates between the two groups. Hence, we conclude that in the short term, the same clinical treatments and therapeutic modes can be administered to patients with basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and PDSC of the lung.</p

Chem. Eng. Sci.

This paper is devoted to the understanding of the structure heterogeneity, regime multiplicity and behavior nonlinearity of particle-fluid systems which give rise to predominant difficulties in their modeling and scale-up. Possible approaches are explored for dealing with these aspects of complexities. Two types of nonlinearity are recognized in particle-fluid systems - intrinsic, as related directly to particle-fluid interaction, and secondary, as related to particle geometric and system scale-up. It is indicated that multiple resolution with respect to energy, process, movement and structure may be a promising approach to coping with intrinsic nonlinearity, though understanding of secondary nonlinearity calls for more specific analysis of the effects of external factors on intrinsic nonlinearity

Chem. Eng. Sci.

Magnetofluidized G / L / S systems feature thc characteristics of increased particle terminal velocity which implies higher gas and liquid throughputs, bubble fragmentation which prolongs gas residence time and increases G / S interfacial area, effective retention of solid particles which arc otherwise easily buoyed upward due to adhering gas bubbles, and ready electric control of solids movement and transport. Basic understanding of thc behavior of ferromagnetic particles fluidized in a magnetic field is provided by both experimental observation and analysis of magnetofluidized L / S systems and of bubble breakup in magnetofluidized G / L / S systems. An example of the application of magnetofluidized G / L / S systems is given by an experimental ethanol bioreactor

Chem. Eng. Sci.

Magnetofluidized G / L / S systems feature thc characteristics of increased particle terminal velocity which implies higher gas and liquid throughputs, bubble fragmentation which prolongs gas residence time and increases G / S interfacial area, effective retention of solid particles which arc otherwise easily buoyed upward due to adhering gas bubbles, and ready electric control of solids movement and transport. Basic understanding of thc behavior of ferromagnetic particles fluidized in a magnetic field is provided by both experimental observation and analysis of magnetofluidized L / S systems and of bubble breakup in magnetofluidized G / L / S systems. An example of the application of magnetofluidized G / L / S systems is given by an experimental ethanol bioreactor

Assessing the nutritional status of elderly Chinese lung cancer patients using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA&reg;) tool

Lei Zhang,1,* Yanjun Su,1,* Chen Wang,2 Yongsheng Sha,1 Hong Zhu,3 Shumin Xie,4 Sabrina Kwauk,5 Jing Zhang,2 Yunshou Lin,2 Changli Wang1,*1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 2Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 3Department of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 4Xiangya Medical School of Central-South University, Changsha, People&#39;s Republic of China; 5School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Cambridge, MA, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workPurpose: This study assessed the nutritional status of elderly Chinese lung cancer inpatients using a revised version of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA&reg;) tool.Patients and methods: The revised version of the MNA tool was used to assess the nutritional status of 180 elderly Chinese lung cancer inpatients prior to their scheduled surgery between June 2010 and July 2011. Patients&#39; demographic data, anthropometric parameters, and biochemical markers were collected and analyzed.Results: Among the 180 inpatients who underwent the MNA, 9% were malnourished (MNA score &lt; 19), 33% were at risk of malnutrition (MNA score 19&ndash;23), and 58% were well nourished (MNA score &ge; 24). There was significant correlation between the MNA scores of patients who were malnourished, at risk of malnutrition, and well nourished (P &lt; 0.001), as well as between total MNA score and most MNA questions. The three patient groups with different nutritional statuses differed significantly in their responses to anthropometrics and global, diet, and subjective assessments.Conclusion: Incidence rates of malnutrition prior to surgery are high among elderly Chinese lung cancer inpatients. The revised MNA is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to assess and prevent malnutrition among these inpatients.Keywords: malnutrition, MNA-SF, nutrition, inpatients, die