Simplicity and complexity through a progressive ordering system

Proportion is a way to perceive a whole world as parts, and to change the parts into a system in terms of human thought. As a relationship between form and number, meaning can be eliminated and then, reinvented by human intelligence to interpret the world continuously, but formation of order and disorder always exists by themselves. Therefore the thesis is to research the possibility of how a system, which has its own rule set up initially, makes up its own meaning and form in terms of a proportional concept which is self-referential, growing pattern, and order and disorder through several attempts. To give form to number and number to form, the process in which a unit was set up, and changed, varied with simple permutations several times, and get a number of forms and shapes, then give order and name to make complexity from simplicity and pattern from seeming chaos is done. And in doing so, there are two ways to represent the order in a system: space progression and time progression

A Wi-Fi–Based Mask-Type Laryngoscope for Telediagnosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Instrument Validation Study

BackgroundOwing to the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing has become mandatory. Wireless endoscopy in contactless examinations promises to protect health care workers and reduce viral spread. ObjectiveThis study aimed to introduce a contactless endoscopic diagnosis system using a wireless endoscope resembling a mask. MethodsThe Wi-Fi–based contactless mask endoscopy system comprises a disposable endoscope and a controller. First, the effective force applied by the tip during insertion was evaluated in a simple transoral model consisting of a force sensor on a simulated oropharynx wall. Second, the delay in video streaming was evaluated by comparing the frame rate and delays between a movement and its image over direct and Wi-Fi connections. Third, the system was applied to a detailed laryngopharyngeal tract phantom. ResultsThe smartphone-controlled wireless endoscopy system was successfully evaluated. The mean, maximum, and minimum collision forces against the wall of the transoral model were 296 mN (30 gf), 363 mN (37 gf), and 235 mN (24 gf), respectively. The delay resulting from the wireless connection was 0.72 seconds. Using the phantom, an inexperienced user took around 1 minute to orient the endoscope to a desired area via the app. ConclusionsDevice articulation does not pose a significant risk of laryngopharyngeal wall penetration, and latency does not significantly impede its use. Contactless wireless video streaming was successful within the access point range regardless of the presence of walls. The mask endoscope can be controlled and articulated wirelessly, minimizing contact between patients and device operators. By minimizing contact, the device can protect health care workers from infectious viruses like the coronavirus

SERS Effect on Spin-Coated Seeding of Tilted Au-ZnO Nanorods for Low-Cost Diagnosis

Uniformly parallel Au-coated ZnO nanorods have previously been shown to amplify local Raman signals, providing increased sensitivity to disease markers in the detection of inflammation and cancer. However, practical and cost-effective fabrication methods of substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) fail to produce highly uniform surfaces. Here, the feasibility of Raman enhancement on less-uniform substrates is assessed. ZnO nanorod structures were fabricated by hydrothermal synthesis, starting from spin-coated seed substrates. Following analysis, the nanostructures were coated with Au to create stochastically variant substrates. The non-uniformity of the fabricated Au-coated ZnO nanorod structures is confirmed morphologically by FE-SEM and structurally by X-ray diffraction, and characterized by the angular distributions of the nanorods. Monte Carlo finite element method simulations matching the measured angular distributions and separations predicted only moderate increases in the overall Raman enhancement with increasing uniformity. Highly variant substrates exhibited approximately 76% of the Raman enhancement of more uniform substrates in simulations and experiments. The findings suggest that, although highly inhomogeneous Au-coated ZnO nanorod substrates may not attain the same Raman enhancement as more uniform substrates, the relaxation of fabrication tolerances may be economically viable

Spectral Multiplexing of Fluorescent Endoscopy for Simultaneous Imaging with Multiple Fluorophores and Multiple Fields of View

Complex clinical procedures and small-animal research procedures can benefit from dual-site imaging provided by multiple endoscopic devices. Here, an endoscopic system is proposed which enables multiple fluorescence microendoscopes to be spectrally multiplexed on a single microscope base, enabling light sources and optical relays to be shared between endoscopes. The presented system is characterized for resolution using USAF-1951 resolution test charts and for modulation transfer function using the slanted edge method. Imaging is demonstrated both directly and with microendoscopes attached. Imaging of phantoms was demonstrated by targeting USAF charts and fiber tissues dyed for FITC and Texas Red fluorescence. Afterwards, simultaneous liver and kidney imaging was demonstrated in mice expressing mitochondrial Dendra2 and injected with Texas Red-dextran. The results indicate that the system achieves high channel isolation and submicron and subcellular resolution, with resolution limited by the endoscopic probe and by physiological movement during endoscopic imaging. Multi-channel microendoscopy provides a potentially low-cost means of simultaneous multiple endoscopic imaging during biological experiments, resulting in reduced animal harm and potentially increasing insight into temporal connections between connected biological systems