7,785 research outputs found
Analytical method for designing grating compensated dispersion-managed soliton systems
This paper was published in Journal of Optical Society of America B and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=JOSAB-21-4-706. Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law. © 2004 The Optical Society.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Heisenberg-picture approach to the exact quantum motion of a time-dependent forced harmonic oscillator
In the Heisenberg picture, the generalized invariant and exact quantum
motions are found for a time-dependent forced harmonic oscillator. We find the
eigenstate and the coherent state of the invariant and show that the
dispersions of these quantum states do not depend on the external force. Our
formalism is applied to several interesting cases.Comment: 15 pages, two eps files, to appear in Phys. Rev. A 53 (6) (1996
Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of invasive versus conservative management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax
INTRODUCTION: Current management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is variable, with little evidence from randomised controlled trials to guide treatment. Guidelines emphasise intervention in many patients, which involves chest drain insertion, hospital admission and occasionally surgery. However, there is evidence that conservative management may be effective and safe, and it may also reduce the risk of recurrence. Significant questions remain regarding the optimal initial approach to the management of PSP
Renaissance of the ~1 TeV Fixed-Target Program
This document describes the physics potential of a new fixed-target program
based on a ~1 TeV proton source. Two proton sources are potentially available
in the future: the existing Tevatron at Fermilab, which can provide 800 GeV
protons for fixed-target physics, and a possible upgrade to the SPS at CERN,
called SPS+, which would produce 1 TeV protons on target. In this paper we use
an example Tevatron fixed-target program to illustrate the high discovery
potential possible in the charm and neutrino sectors. We highlight examples
which are either unique to the program or difficult to accomplish at other
venues.Comment: 31 pages, 11 figure
Influences of dynamical disruptions on the evolution of pulsars in globular clusters
By comparing the physical properties of pulsars hosted by core-collapsed
(CCed) and non-core-collapsed (Non-CCed) globular clusters (GCs), we find that
pulsars in CCed GCs rotate significantly slower than their counterparts in
Non-CCed GCs. Additionally, radio luminosities at 1.4 GHz in CCed GCs are
higher. These findings are consistent with the scenario that dynamical
interactions in GCs can interrupt angular momentum transfer processes and
surface magnetic field decay during the recycling phase. Our results suggest
that such effects in CCed GCs are stronger due to more frequent disruptions of
compact binaries. This is further supported by the observation that both
estimated disruption rates and the fraction of isolated pulsars are
predominantly higher in CCed GCs.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, Accepted in MNRA
Different resuscitation strategies and novel pharmacologic treatment with valproic acid in traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death in young adults, and effective treatment strategies have the potential to save many lives. TBI results in coagulopathy, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, cell death, and impaired epigenetic homeostasis, ultimately leading to morbidity and/or mortality. Commonly used resuscitation fluids such as crystalloids or colloids have several disadvantages and might even be harmful when administered in large quantities. There is a need for next‐generation treatment strategies (especially in the prehospital setting) that minimize cellular damage, improve survival, and enhance neurological recovery. Pharmacologic treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as valproic acid, has shown promising results in animal studies of TBI and may therefore be an excellent example of next‐generation therapy. This review briefly describes traditional resuscitation strategies for TBI combined with hemorrhagic shock and describes preclinical studies on valproic acid as a new pharmacologic agent in the treatment of TBI. It finally discusses limitations and future directions on the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of TBI.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142545/1/jnr24125_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142545/2/jnr24125.pd
Chimeric Anti-Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Antibodies and Lovastatin Act Synergistically to Provide In Vivo Protection against Lethal Doses of SEB
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is one of a family of toxins secreted by Staphylococcus aureus that act as superantigens, activating a large fraction of the T-cell population and inducing production of high levels of inflammatory cytokines that can cause toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and death. Extracellular engagement of the TCR of T-cells and class II MHC of antigen presenting cells by SEB triggers the activation of many intracellular signaling processes. We engineered chimeric antibodies to block the extracellular engagement of cellular receptors by SEB and used a statin to inhibit intracellular signaling. Chimeric human-mouse antibodies directed against different neutralizing epitopes of SEB synergistically inhibited its activation of human T-cells in vitro. In the in vivo model of lethal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in HLA-DR3 transgenic mice, two of these antibodies conferred significant partial protection when administered individually, but offered complete protection in a synergistic manner when given together. Similarly, in vivo, lovastatin alone conferred only partial protection from TSS similar to single anti-SEB antibodies. However, used in combination with one chimeric neutralizing anti-SEB antibody, lovastatin provided complete protection against lethal TSS in HLA-DR3 transgenic mice. These experiments demonstrate that in vivo protection against lethal doses of SEB can be achieved by a statin of proven clinical safety and chimeric human-mouse antibodies, agents now widely used and known to be of low immunogenicity in human hosts
A side-by-side comparison of Daya Bay antineutrino detectors
The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment is designed to determine precisely
the neutrino mixing angle with a sensitivity better than 0.01 in
the parameter sin at the 90% confidence level. To achieve this
goal, the collaboration will build eight functionally identical antineutrino
detectors. The first two detectors have been constructed, installed and
commissioned in Experimental Hall 1, with steady data-taking beginning
September 23, 2011. A comparison of the data collected over the subsequent
three months indicates that the detectors are functionally identical, and that
detector-related systematic uncertainties exceed requirements.Comment: 24 pages, 36 figure
The concerns and experiences of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis regarding prehabilitation and recovery after spine surgery: A qualitative study
Objectives
To improve our understanding of patients’ perspectives regarding: (1) the decision making and prehabilitation before lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) surgery; and (2) their postoperative experiences.
Design
Qualitative research with semi-structured interviews.
Setting
General community
Participants
Individuals received (n=10) and did not receive (n=15) prehabilitation before LSS surgery were recruited at the 6-month postoperative follow-up (8 females; average age: 67.7±6.7 years) by purposive sampling. Additionally, one participant invited her daughter to accompany her in an interview.
Interventions
Not applicable
Main outcome measures
Concerns and experiences of patients with LSS regarding prehabilitation and recovery after spine surgery.
Results
Thematic analysis was conducted to identify four themes inductively: (1) sources of information about LSS surgery; (2) factors affecting the surgical decision making; (3) attitudes toward prehabilitation; and (4) postoperative recovery. All participants desired to have more preoperative education to inform their surgical decision making. There were mixed opinions regarding the perceived benefits of prehabilitation because some individuals hesitated to participate in prehabilitaiotn due to their symptoms, or the cost or time of travelling. Many participants expected some or even complete relief of LSS-related symptoms after surgery. However, not all participants experienced the expected postoperative improvements. Some participants only experienced temporary symptomatic relief, while others experienced new postoperative symptoms. Patients generally found that postoperative exercises taught by physiotherapists were useful although their compliance decreased over time.
Conclusions
Our study highlights the need for better preoperative LSS education. Since face-to-face prehabilitation or postoperative rehabilitation may not be feasible for all patients, future studies should explore whether online-based prehabilitation or postoperative rehabilitation may benefit certain patient subgroups
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