Diffuse Neuroendocrine System: Structural and Functional Effects of Radiation Injury to Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation (APUD) Cells

The paper presents a review of the results obtained by the authors on the study of external (gamma) and internal (I-131) radiation effects on the functional morphology and linkage of the diffuse neuroendocrine system (DNES) and amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells of the stomach and duodenum. The investigations performed enabled us to determine that the morphological changes noted in APUD cells had a dose and time dependency. The present study supports the point of view that the radiation initiates serotonin release from APUD cells, which appears to initiate the mechanism of early postirradiation dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract and the subsequent adaptive response of DNES. Analysis of our results, together with a review of the literature, indicates that APUD cells actively participate both in pathogenesis of radiation injury and development of organ and tissue radiosensitivity

Sirtuins: role in the regulation of oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases

Sirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of histone deacetylases which epigenetically regulate major cell functions. This review analyzes the role of SIRTs in controlling oxidation-reduction reactions in cells in stress. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are among the causes of the development of neurodegenerative pathologies-Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s diseas

Influence of AEDG and KE peptides on mitochondrial staining and the expression of ribosomal protein l7a with aging of the human pineal gland and thymus cell In vitro

New molecular targets for the geroprotective activity of AEDG (epitalon) and KE (vilon) peptides were verified via confocal laser scanning microscopy. It was shown that the aging of pineal and thymic cells in vitro led to a decrease in the staining of MitoTracker Red mitochondria and that there is a compensatory increase in the synthesis of L7A ribosomal protei

Sirtuins expression in the hippocampus and buccal epithelium of elderly and senile individuals with Alzheimer’s disease

Sirtuins (SIRT) are a class of NAD-dependent proteins with deacetylase activity that are involved in the regulation of transcription, metabolic pathways, and cell aging via the deacetylation of histone and nonhistone targets. It was hypothesized that sirtuins play important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s diseas

Detection of Apoptosis in Cancer Cells Using Heat Shock Protein 70 and p53 Antibody Conjugated Quantum Dot Nanoparticles

Clinical experience indicates that enhanced level of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and p53 correlates with poor prognosis due to malignant cell overexpression of these proteins in tumor progression. Cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized in aqueous solution using mercaptopropionic acid and L-cysteine (L-Cys) as ligands. They were conjugated with a monoclonal antibody (Ab) to p53 and cmHp70.1 to Hsp70 for detection of cancer cell apoptosis that was demonstrated in the experiment by fluorescent confocal microscopy both for breast carcinoma cells and for thyroid tissue. It is shown that in comparison with organic dyes, quantum dots have superior photostability of tracking apoptosis in cancer cells for longer time