72 research outputs found
Report from the project: Indigenous and local knowledge in a scoping study for a Nordic IPBES assessment
The recently established international body, IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biological Diversity and Ecosystem Services) is in the next few years planning on doing regional assessments regarding the status and trends of biological diversity and ecosystem services. The purpose is to create the best possible conditions for future decision-making and in that context to involve different kinds of knowledge, also traditional knowledge. Traditional knowledge (indigenous and local knowledge), i.e. peopleâs practical, experience-based knowledge transferred from generation to generation, is considered to be an important prerequisite in conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity as well as in the development of a sustainable society. This report is the result of a study in order to develop a methodology regarding how a full and effective participation of traditional knowledge holders in a Nordic IPBES assessment ought to be achieved
Hur bör Sverige genomföra artiklarna 8j och 10c i syfte att uppnÄ Aichi-mÄl 18 i FN:s Konvention om biologisk mÄngfald?
Detta Àr en utredning som Centrum för biologisk mÄngfald har gjort under 2013 pÄ uppdrag av NaturvÄrdsverket i syfte att analysera vilka myndigheter som kan tÀnkas beröras av ett nationellt genomförade av dessa bÀgge artiklar i FN:s konvention om biologisk mÄngfald (CBD). Artiklarna 8j och 10c handlar om att samhÀllet ska ta bÀttre hÀnsyn till urfolks- och lokala samhÀllens kultur och naturresursanvÀndande och frÀmja ett fortsatt hÄllbart sedvanebruk av biologisk mÄngfald. För att verkligen kunna uppnÄ de högt stÀllda mÄlen med artiklarna krÀvs mycket lÄngt gÄende förÀndringar i samhÀllet och hur myndigheterna arbetar. I rapporten ges ett förslag pÄ handlingsplan för att försöka nÄ mÄlen till Är 2020, vilket Àr det uppstÀllda Äret för detta enligt CBD-beslutet. Traditionell kunskap, dvs. praktisk erfarenhetsbaserad kunskap som förts vidare frÄn generation till generation, bedöms vara en viktig förutsÀttning för att uppnÄ ett framtida hÄllbart samhÀlle
Slutrapport: utmarksbete
Historiskt sett har utmarkerna i Norden anvÀnts för bete ochfodertÀkt och har dÀrför haft en stor roll hushÄllningen. Denna hÀvd har skapat ett kulturlandskap med hÀvdgynnade arter och strukturer, ett kulturlandskap som har stora natur- och kulturvÀrden. Under 1900-talet har samhÀllets strukturomvandling lett till en successiv avveckling av detta utmarksbruk, vilket förÀndrat landskapsbilden och den biologiska mÄngfaldens sammansÀttning. Projektet har haft som syfte att synliggöra den potential som utmarken utgör för samhÀllet idag och i framtiden och inte enbart som ett historiskt kulturarv. Inom ramen för projektet har vi genomfört workshops, intervjuer, inventeringar och sammanstÀllningar i syfte att bÄde samla in fakta och att sprida information och lyfta projektets tema i diskussionen. I juli 2014 genomfördes en "fÀbodresa" med forskare, myndighetsrepresentanter och brukare frÄn bÄde Sverige och Norge i syfte att skapa en arena dÀr man kunde diskutera erfarenheter och perspektiv pÄ utmarksbete och dess vÀrden. Resultaten frÄn projektet har presenterats i olika sammanhang med finns ocksÄ i form av ett antal publikationer
KartlÀggning av sociala, kulturella, ekonomiska och ekologiska vÀrden i Sunds kommun, à land : resultat frÄn lokala dialogworkshopar.
Detta Ă€r en rapport frĂ„n ett arbete med dialogworkshopar och möten med olika aktörer i Sunds kommun i syfte att fĂ„ ett lokala perspektiv pĂ„ sociala, kulturella, ekonomiska och ekologiska vĂ€rden i kommunen. Under sommarhalvĂ„ret och hösten 2019 genomfördes en mĂ€ngd ett tjugotal olika möten runt om i Sunds kommun för att inhĂ€mta tankar och erfarenheter om lĂ€get idag och praktiska och visionĂ€ra idĂ©er för framtiden. Denna rapport har tillkommit inom ramen för ett uppdrag inom Ă
lands landskapsregerings arbete med projektet COAST4US med finansiering frĂ„n Interreg Central Baltic, som har som syfte att utveckla metoder för ökat deltagande i planeringsprocessen för hĂ„llbar utveckling i kustomrĂ„dena runt Ăstersjön
Ethical codes of conduct for research related to indigenous peoples and local communities â core principles, challenges and opportunities
Codes and guidelines related to the rights of and respect for Indigenous and local communities and their knowledge have been developed during the last decades. A milestone is the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) where the parties have agreed âto respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and prac-tices of Indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestylesâ. This study analyses core ethical principles in 13 codes and guidelines. Of 18 principles listed six were identified as core principles. A discussion on challenges and oppor-tunities in implementing these is made with the reference to the Swedish setting and to a Saami context. The codes are created with good intentions and contribute to raising general ethical awareness. However, in Sweden awareness of the relevant guidelines is low among researchers, in ethical committees of universities as well as in local communities. There is also a risk that the elements in the guidelines will be administrative items to tick off rather than favouring a good working relationship between the research team and the local community
Difference in clinical presentation between women and men in incident primary Sjögrenâs syndrome
Background: A more severe disease phenotype has been reported in men compared to women in several rheumatic diseases. However, studies have not conclusively established sex-related clinical features in primary Sjögrenâs syndrome (pSS). In this study, we therefore investigated the clinical presentation of pSS in women and men at diagnosis. Methods: Incident, treatment naĂŻve patients (n = 199) during a 5-year period in a specified area were prospectively included and examined for items of classification criteria for pSS as well as extraglandular manifestations (EGM). Serum was sampled at the time of diagnosis and anti-Ro52/SSA levels were measured by ELISA. Replication of significant findings was confirmed in an independent cohort of pSS patients (n = 377), and meta-analysis was performed. Results: An increased frequency of extraglandular manifestations in men was observed and replicated (p = 0.05, p = 0.0003, and p meta = 0.002). This related to pulmonary involvement, vasculitis, and lymphadenopathy being more common in men, for whom a lower age at diagnosis was observed in the exploratory cohort. Additionally, SSA-positive male patients had significantly higher levels of anti-Ro52 levels than their female counterparts in sera available for analysis (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Our analysis of two independent cohorts of incident pSS demonstrates that the presence and number of EGM are significantly more frequent among men with pSS than women at diagnosis. Importantly, around half of the male patients presented with more than one EGM at diagnosis, supporting the conclusion that pSS in men represents a more severe form of disease, regardless of the lower risk for men to develop pSS
VÀgar framÄt för nÄgra nationella myndigheters implementering av konventionen om biologisk mÄngfald och lokal och traditionell kunskap av betydelse för biologisk mÄngfald
PÄ uppdrag av NaturvÄrdsverket genomförde Centrum för biologisk mÄngfald under 2014 en utredning, vilket resulterade i denna rapport. Syftet med uppdraget var att göra en fördjupad analys över vilka insatser ett antal svenska statliga myndigheter behöver göra för att uppnÄ Sveriges Ätaganden enligt FN:s konvention om biologisk mÄngfald vad gÀller artikel 8j (sÀrskild hÀnsyn till s.k. traditionell kunskap som finns hos urfolk och lokala samhÀllen med traditionella sedvÀnjor) och artikel 10c (hÀnsyn till hÄllbart sedvanebruk). Idén Àr att de framlagda förslagen ska bidra till att Sverige Är 2020 ska nÄ Aichi-mÄl 18 gÀllande dessa frÄgor, som Sverige varit delaktiga i att besluta om inom mÄngfaldskonventionen. Traditionell kunskap, dvs. praktisk erfarenhetsbaserad kunskap som förts vidare frÄn generation till generation, bedöms vara en viktig förutsÀttning för att bevara och hÄllbart nyttja biologisk mÄngfald samt uppnÄ ett framtida hÄllbart samhÀlle
Autoantigenic properties of the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase family in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Objectives: Autoantibodies are thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). However, up to 40% of IIM patients, even those with clinical manifestations of anti-synthetase syndrome (ASSD), test seronegative to known myositis-specific autoantibodies. We hypothesized the existence of new potential autoantigens among human cytoplasmic aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS) in patients with IIM.
Methods: Plasma samples from 217 patients with IIM according to 2017 EULAR/ACR criteria, including 50 patients with ASSD, 165 without, and two with unknown ASSD status were identified retrospectively, as well as age and gender-matched sera from 156 population controls, and 219 disease controls. Patients with previously documented ASSD had to test positive for at least one of the five most common anti-aaRS autoantibodies (anti-Jo1, -PL7, -PL12, -EJ, and -OJ) and present with one or more of the following clinical manifestations: interstitial lung disease, myositis, arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, fever, or mechanic's hands. Demographics, laboratory, and clinical data of the IIM cohort (ASSD and non-ASSD) were compared. Samples were screened using a multiplex bead array assay for presence of autoantibodies against a panel of 117 recombinant protein variants, representing 33 myositis-related proteins, including all nineteen cytoplasmic aaRS. Prospectively collected clinical data for the IIM cohort were retrieved and compared between groups within the IIM cohort and correlated with the results of the autoantibody screening. Principal component analysis was used to analyze clinical manifestations between ASSD, non-ASSD groups, and individuals with novel anti-aaRS autoantibodies.
Results: We identified reactivity towards 16 aaRS in 72 of the 217 IIM patients. Twelve patients displayed reactivity against nine novel aaRS. The novel autoantibody specificities were detected in four previously seronegative patients for myositis-specific autoantibodies and eight with previously detected myositis-specific autoantibodies. IIM individuals with novel anti-aaRS autoantibodies (n = 12) all had signs of myositis, and they had either muscle weakness and/or muscle enzyme elevation, 2/12 had mechanic's hands, 3/12 had interstitial lung disease, and 2/12 had arthritis. The individuals with novel anti-aaRS and a pathological muscle biopsy all presented widespread up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I. The reactivities against novel aaRS could be confirmed in ELISA and western blot. Using the multiplex bead array assay, we could confirm previously known reactivities to four of the most common aaRS (Jo1, PL12, PL7, and EJ (n = 45)) and identified patients positive for anti-Zo, -KS, and -HA (n = 10) that were not previously tested. A low frequency of anti-aaRS autoantibodies was also detected in controls.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that most, if not all, cytoplasmic aaRS may become autoantigenic. Autoantibodies against new aaRS may be found in plasma of patients previously classified as seronegative with potential high clinical relevance.publishedVersio
Natureâs contributions to people and human well-being in a Nordic coastal context
In this chapter, essential ecological and societal aspects of the Nordic coastal environment are highlighted. These show that local communities and stakeholders need to be more involved in decision-making because their needs and their ecological knowledge are essentialto this process. This also relates to Aichi targets 14, 15, 16 and 18 (see Lucas et al., 2015). There is the need to improve the monitoring of all types of NCP or ecosystem services and to critically review existing indicators that may be used to track the development of biodiversity and NCP. Only by actively analysing data and creating syntheses, is it possible to understand changes in the ecosystem linking biodiversity and NCP
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