Synthesis and photophysical properties of covalent conjugates of aqua platinum (II) and octacarboxy-substituted zinc phthalocyanine

New covalent conjugates of aqua platinum(II) and octacarboxy-substituted zinc phthalocyanine, bearing one, two, three and four aqua platinum moieties on the periphery of the Pc ligand have been synthesized and characterized. The effect of the stepwise introduction of the aqua platinums on the photophysical and photochemical properties of these compounds has been investigated in dimethylsulfoxide solution. It has been found that aqua platinum moieties have only a limited effect on the dynamics of the singlet and triplet excited states, on the ability to sensitize singlet oxygen formation and on the photostability. Each conjugate has a high singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ 0.51–0.62) and thus retains potential for use as a dual action anticancer drugs by acting as a sensitizer for PDT in addition to the likely chemotherapeutic effects of the Pt(II) complexes

Investigation of Physicochemical Properties of Partially Spent Platinum–Rhenium Reforming Catalyst

Изучены физико-химические свойства частично отработанного катализатора Pt-Re-Cl/ Al2O3 риформинга нефтяных фракций (R-98 UOP). Установлено, что в процессе эксплуатации катализатора происходило изменение текстурных характеристик, химического состава, частичное фазовое превращение алюмооксидного носителя, накопление металлических примесей и углеродистых отложений. Методом ДСК установлено присутствие на поверхности катализатора различных типов углеродистых отложений, выгорающих при различных температурах. Их полное удаление происходит при температурах 500-550 °СThe physicochemical properties of the partially spent catalyst Pt-Re-Cl/Al2O3 reforming of petroleum fractions (R- 98 UOP) have been studied. It has been found that during operation of the catalyst, a reduction of textural characteristics, chemical composition, partial phase transformation of alumina support, and accumulation of metallic impurities and carbon deposits take place. The DSC method has been found the presence on the surface of the catalyst of various types of carbonaceous deposits burnable at different temperatures. Their removal is complete at temperatures 500-550 °

Study of Structural and Catalytic Properties of Pt/WOх/ZrO₂, Modified by Lanthanum Cations

Изучено влияние добавок катионов La3+ на структурные свойства катализаторов Pt/WOх/ZrO₂ и характеристики каталитической активности в процессе гидроизомеризации смеси н-гептана с бензолом. Фазовый состав катализаторов представлен твердым раствором катионов лантана в нанокристаллическом диоксиде циркония тетрагональной модификации с преимущественной локализацией лантана в приповерхностных слоях. Показано положительное влияние добавок La3+ на селективность и выход изомеризованных продуктов реакции гидроизомеризацииThe effect of the addition of La3+ cations on the structural properties of Pt/WOх/ZrO₂ catalysts and the characteristics of catalytic activity in the process of hydroisomerization of n-heptane and benzene mixture was studied. The phase composition of the catalysts is represented by a solid solution of lanthanum cations in nanocrystalline zirconia of tetragonal modification with localization of lanthanum in the surface layers predominantly. The positive effect of La3+ additives on the selectivity and yield of isomerized products was show

Extraction of Brown Coals from Kansk-Achinsk and Lena Basins with Toluene and Water Containing Fluids

The conversion of different brown coals from the Kansk-Achinsk and Lena Basins in an aqueous medium and in toluene containing mixtures with water and tetralin additives was studied under supercritical conditions over the temperature range of 375-550 °C and at pressures from 7 to 40 MPa. It was found that the liquefaction of brown coals in the medium of toluene solvent with small amount of hydrogen-donor tetralin co-solvent effectively occurred at low temperature 400 °C. On the other hand, coal methanation, hydrolysis, and oxidation reactions with the predominant generation of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen prevailed in the water containing mediums. In a supercritical toluene at 440 °C, the addition of a small amount of water (15 %) stimulated destruction of coals with the predominant production of liquid products and moderate gas yields. The use of calcium oxide, sodium hydroxide and hematite as the catalysts increased the yields of liquid products.Изучено превращение бурых углей Канско-Ачинского и Ленского бассейнов в водной среде и в смеси толуола с водой и тетралином при сверхкритических параметрах в температурном интервале 375-550°С и давлении от 7 до 40 MPa. Установлено, что в среде толуола с добавкой небольшого количества сорастворителя тетралина ожижение бурых углей эффективно происходит при низкой температуре 4000 °C. В водной среде проходят реакции метанирования, гидролиза и окисления бурых углей с образованием в основном газообразных продуктов (метана, диоксида углерода и водорода).В среде толуола в сверхкритических условиях при 400°С добавление небольшого количества воды (15 %) стимулирует процесс деструкции углей с образованием преимущественно жидких продуктов при умеренном газообразовании. Применение в качестве катализаторов оксида кальция, гидроксида натрия и гематита позволяет увеличить выход жидких продуктов

Investigation of Physicochemical Properties of Partially Spent Platinum–Rhenium Reforming Catalyst

Изучены физико-химические свойства частично отработанного катализатора Pt-Re-Cl/ Al2O3 риформинга нефтяных фракций (R-98 UOP). Установлено, что в процессе эксплуатации катализатора происходило изменение текстурных характеристик, химического состава, частичное фазовое превращение алюмооксидного носителя, накопление металлических примесей и углеродистых отложений. Методом ДСК установлено присутствие на поверхности катализатора различных типов углеродистых отложений, выгорающих при различных температурах. Их полное удаление происходит при температурах 500-550 °СThe physicochemical properties of the partially spent catalyst Pt-Re-Cl/Al2O3 reforming of petroleum fractions (R- 98 UOP) have been studied. It has been found that during operation of the catalyst, a reduction of textural characteristics, chemical composition, partial phase transformation of alumina support, and accumulation of metallic impurities and carbon deposits take place. The DSC method has been found the presence on the surface of the catalyst of various types of carbonaceous deposits burnable at different temperatures. Their removal is complete at temperatures 500-550 °

Research Into Kinetic Patterns of Chemical Metallization of Powder­like Polyvinylchloride

We present kinetic patterns of metallization of zinc-activated polyvinylchloride in the solution of chemical copper plating. The influence was studied of pH of the medium and the amount of metal of the activator on the copper deposition rate on the activated polymeric surface. It was established that in the case of activation of the polymeric surface with zinc, the solution undergoes two competing reactions of copper reduction. By using a volumetric method, we determined that pH of the medium exerts a decisive impact on the reduction mechanism of copper. It is proved that with the growth of pH in the solutions of chemical copper plating and the amount of metal-activator, the amount of copper reduced as a result of exchange reaction with zinc increases. The optimal pH of the solutions for the course of reaction of copper reduction by formaldehyde is 12. The obtained samples of metallized powder-like polyvinylchloride contain a significant quantity of copper on the surface and could be used to create metal-filled composites.The research conducted allows us to establish optimal conditions and effectively influence the copper reduction process on the activated polymeric surface in the solutions of chemical metallization. By changing the speed and efficiency of copper deposition on the polymeric surface, it is possible to control the content of metal in polymeric composites that are obtained from such materials, and thus control their propertie

Development Prospects of Oil and Gas Processing Complex in the Krasnoyarsk Region

Рассмотрены сведения о состоянии и перспективах развития нефтяной и газовой промышленности России и Красноярского края. Отмечено стратегическое значение нефтяных и газовых месторождений, находящихся на территории края, в воспроизводстве ресурсов углеводородного сырья и развитии отечественного нефтегазового комплекса. Показана необходимость ускоренного создания современных конкурентоспособных технологий и перерабатывающих отраслей с целью получения высококачественных жидких углеводородных продуктов - моторных топлив, ценного химического сырья и других востребованных продуктов. Это позволит стране и краю занять достойное место среди поставщиков нефти, газа и продуктов их переработки на рынке Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона.The information on the state and development prospects of oil and gas processing complex in Russia and in the Krasnoyarsk region is considered. A strategical role of the oil and gas fields located in the Krasnoyarsk region in the reproduction of hydrocarbon raw materials and in the development of the native oil and gas complex is emphasized. A topical question for the accelerated creation of modern competitive technologies for oil and gas processing into the valuable liquid hydrocarbon products – motor fuel, chemical raw materials, and other relevant products is substantiated. This will allow our country taking a worthy role in the providing of oil, gas and their processing products in the market of Asia-Pacific region

Development Prospects of Oil and Gas Processing Complex in the Krasnoyarsk Region

Рассмотрены сведения о состоянии и перспективах развития нефтяной и газовой промышленности России и Красноярского края. Отмечено стратегическое значение нефтяных и газовых месторождений, находящихся на территории края, в воспроизводстве ресурсов углеводородного сырья и развитии отечественного нефтегазового комплекса. Показана необходимость ускоренного создания современных конкурентоспособных технологий и перерабатывающих отраслей с целью получения высококачественных жидких углеводородных продуктов - моторных топлив, ценного химического сырья и других востребованных продуктов. Это позволит стране и краю занять достойное место среди поставщиков нефти, газа и продуктов их переработки на рынке Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона.The information on the state and development prospects of oil and gas processing complex in Russia and in the Krasnoyarsk region is considered. A strategical role of the oil and gas fields located in the Krasnoyarsk region in the reproduction of hydrocarbon raw materials and in the development of the native oil and gas complex is emphasized. A topical question for the accelerated creation of modern competitive technologies for oil and gas processing into the valuable liquid hydrocarbon products – motor fuel, chemical raw materials, and other relevant products is substantiated. This will allow our country taking a worthy role in the providing of oil, gas and their processing products in the market of Asia-Pacific region

Studying the Effect of Concentration Factors on the Process of Chemical Metallization of Powdered Polyvinylchloride

Influence of concentration of components of chemical metallization solutions on the process of copper reduction on activated polyvinylchloride surface has been studied. It has been established that changes in concentrations of copper sulfate, trilon B and formaldehyde can effectively influence the metallization process. It was shown that the loss of stability of chemical metallization solutions and formation of colloidal solutions makes it is impossible to obtain a metallized polymeric material since copper reduction occurs in the solution volume. Copper reduction in the solution volume occurs because of presence of insoluble colloidal particles of copper hydroxide which are centers of nucleation of copper reduction. At such centers, copper reduction occurs as a result of reaction with formaldehyde and is accompanied by high volumes of hydrogen evolvement. It has been established that the formation of copper coating on an activated polymer surface occurs only with the use of true chemical metallization solutions. The main factor determining stability of chemical metallization solutions is complexing. It was shown that trilon B concentration under 40 mmol/l is not sufficient to bind all Cu2+ ions in a complex which prevents formation of insoluble copper hydroxide in an alkaline medium. The growth of trilon B concentration above 53 mmol/l results in reduction of a portion of copper in a form of hydroxide and formation of true solutions. It has been established that concentration of copper sulfate and alkali exerts the main influence on the mechanism of copper reduction in the case of true solutions. The growth of pH of chemical metallization solutions above 12 brings about an increase in the portion of copper that is reduced by the exchange reaction with zinc

Influence of Mineral Components on Reactionary Ability of Brown Coal at Steam Gasification in the Conditions of a High Pressure

The goal of this paper is to gain a fundamental understanding about steam gasification of different brown coal chars under low temperature and high pressure. The coals from different deposits of Kansk-Achinsk Basin, Lena Basin and from Yallourn Basin (for comparison) were used to study the role of the naturally occurring metals on the physico-chemical properties of the chars and steam gasification reactivity. The data on how the preliminary decationization with solution of hydrochloric acid affects the structural characteristics of brown coal chars and their gasification reactivities are presented. The importance of controlling parameters (such as structural characteristics of carbon and naturally occurring metals) in the physico-chemical properties of the chars, in the gasification reactivity and in the textural properties of gasified chars. The concentration of calcium and catalytic activity of calcium species were found to be a key factor for their reactivity for steam gasification and carbon dioxide formation. Quantitative relations were revealed.Целью данной работы являлось установление особенностей протекания процесса газификации буроугольных карбонизатов с различным содержанием минеральных веществ водяным паром при повышенном давлении. В качестве объектов исследования служили угли месторождений Канско-Ачинского и Ленского бассейнов и низкозольный уголь месторождения «Яллоурн» в Австралии. Перед газификацией угли подвергали карбонизации при 700 °С. Изучены физико химические характеристики буроугольных карбонизатов (фазовый состав минеральных веществ, структурные свойства органической массы) и их реакционная способность при паровой газификации. Установлена корреляционная связь между показателями газификации и содержанием кальция в угле. Показано, что дисперсные соединения кальция в виде оксида и кальцита, образующиеся при терморазложении нативных органоминеральных соединений угля, оказывают каталитическое действие на процесс газификации