Nitrosocarbonyl Hetero-Diels–Alder Cycloaddition: A New Tool for Conjugation

It is demonstrated that nitrosocarbonyl hetero-Diels-Alder chemistry is an efficient and versatile reaction that can be applied in macromolecular synthesis. Polyethylene glycol functionalized with a hydroxamic acid moiety undergoes facile coupling with cyclopentadiene-terminated polystyrene, through a copper-catalyzed as well as thermal hetero-Diels-Alder reaction. The mild and orthogonal methods used to carry out this reaction make it an attractive method for the synthesis of block copolymers. The resulting block copolymers were analyzed and characterized using GPC and NMR. The product materials could be subjected to thermal retro [4 + 2] cycloaddition, allowing for the liberation of the individual polymer chains and subsequent recycling of the diene-terminated polymers. © 2014 American Chemical Society

Transitions from pediatric to adult rheumatology care for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a patient led qualitative study

Abstract Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a childhood autoimmune disease that causes swelling and pain in at least one joint. Young people with JIA experience symptoms that persist into adulthood, and thus will undergo a transition including the o transfer of care from a pediatric rheumatologist an adult rheumatologist. Missing from the literature is research that centres the transition experience of young people with JIA in Canada. This goal of this patient-led research was to explore the experience young people with JIA through the process of transition. Methods Qualitative study using the Patient and Community Engaged Research (PaCER) approach. Trained patient-researchers conducted three focus groups using the Set, Collect and Reflect PaCER process. Participants, recruited via purposive and snowball sampling using research/personal networks and social media, were young people with JIA in Canada between 18 and 28 years who had experienced with the process of transition to adult care. Recordings were transcribed verbatim. Patient researchers individually coded overlapping sections of the data, and thematic analysis was conducted. Results In total, nine individuals participated in one or more focus groups. Three themes were identified, with sub-themes: preparedness for transition (readiness for the transfer of care, developing self-advocacy skills), continuity and breadth of care (changing relationships, culture shock, new responsibilities), need for support (social support, mental health support, and ongoing support needs – beyond the transfer of care. Peer support was a connecting concept in the support sub-themes. Transition was more than a change in primary physician but also a change in the care model and breadth of care provided, which was challenging for young people especially if they had insufficient information. Conclusions Transition from pediatric to adult care in rheumatology is a significant period for young people living with JIA, and this patient-led study provided insight into the experience from the perspective of young people with JIA which is critical to informing the development of supports for patients through the process. Patients, caregivers, pediatric and adult rheumatologists and members of the multi-disciplinary care team need to collaborate in terms of resources preparing for transfer, and support throughout the transition process to ensure a successful transition process

Оценка рисков у беременных женщин среднего возраста с многоплодной беременностью

За останні двадцять п’ять років на 90 % зросла кількість пологів серед жінок 35-39 років, на 87 % збільшилась кількість молодих мам, яким 40 років та більше. У даний час зберігається лише кожна десята вагітність жінок, старших 40 років, але, ще 20 років тому, число таких пологів було істотно меншим, так що тенденція, без сумніву, у наявності. Також й багатоплідна вагітність відноситься до патологічних, оскільки під час вагітності, особливо при однояйцевому багатоплідді, у 8-10 разів частіше виникають різні ускладнення у порівнянні з одноплідною вагітністю. Не дивлячись на зростаючий ризик різних порушень виношування та розвитку плоду у жінок пізнього репродуктивного віку, 96 % матерів у репродуктивному віці, що перевищує 35-річний рубіж, народжують абсолютно здорових дітей. Зросла серед них і частка багатоплідних вагітностей, пов'я- зана з екстракорпоральним заплідненням (ЕКЗ), яке все частіше застосовується у жінок не тільки пізнього репродуктивного віку.In the article speech goes about the modern features of flow of multifetation for the women of late genesial age. In connection with permanent, by the increase of age of births among the population of practically entire countries of the world and Ukraine including, that is why authors light up this problem from point of the special states of pregnancy, such for example, as a multifetation.В статье идет речь о современных особенностях течения многоплодной беременности у женщин позднего репродуктивного возраста, в связи с постоянным повышением возраста родов среди населения практически всех стран мира и Украины в том числе. Авторы освещают эту проблему с точки зрения особен- ных состояний беременности, таких, например, как многоплодная беременность