Современное состояние и проблемы научных коммуникаций на русском языке на пространстве стран СНГ

The results of the study include the consequences of the researchers survey from the CIS countries, that made it possible to identify the prevalence of scientific communications in Russian language in the CIS countries. Russian-language communications in the field of science, which origins are associated with the times of the USSR, provide an opportunity for the development of integration between countries. As a result of the study, the authors made conclusions on the degree of use of the Russian language in the field of science in various CIS countries, including for publishing articles, preparing dissertations, holding conferences, and informal communication. As a result of the survey and the authors’ analytical work, key problems associated with scientific communications in Russian in the CIS space were identified, and measures for their solution were proposed.Los resultados del estudio incluyen los resultados de una encuesta de investigadores de los países de la CEI, que permitió identificar la prevalencia de las comunicaciones científicas en ruso en los países de la CEI. Las comunicaciones en idioma ruso en el campo de la ciencia, cuyos orígenes se asocian con los tiempos de la URSS, brindan una oportunidad para el desarrollo de la integración entre países. Como resultado del estudio, se sacaron conclusiones sobre el grado de uso del idioma ruso en el campo de la ciencia en varios países de la CEI, incluso para publicar artículos, preparar disertaciones, celebrar conferencias y comunicarse de manera informal. Como resultado de la encuesta y del trabajo analítico de los autores, se identificaron los problemas clave asociados con las comunicaciones científicas en ruso en el espacio de la CEI y se propusieron medidas para su solución.Os resultados do estudo incluem os resultados de uma pesquisa com pesquisadores dos países da CEI, que permitiu identificar a prevalência de comunicações científicas em russo nos países da CEI. As comunicações em língua russa no campo da ciência, cujas origens estão associadas aos tempos da URSS, proporcionam uma oportunidade para o desenvolvimento da integração entre os países. Como resultado do estudo, foram tiradas conclusões sobre o grau de uso da língua russa no campo da ciência em vários países da CEI, incluindo a publicação de artigos, a preparação de dissertações, a realização de conferências e a comunicação informal. Como resultado da pesquisa e do trabalho analítico dos autores, foram identificados os principais problemas associados às comunicações científicas em russo no espaço da CEI, e foram propostas medidas para sua solução.Результаты исследования включают результаты опроса исследователей из стран СНГ, который позволил выявить уровень распространенности научных коммуникаций на русском языке в странах-участниках СНГ. Русскоязычные коммуникации в сфере науки, истоки распространения которых связаны с временами существования СССР, обеспечивают возможность развития интеграции между странами. В результате исследования сделаны выводы о степени использования русского языка в сфере науки в различных странах СНГ, в том числе для публикаций статей, подготовки диссертаций, проведения конференций, неформального общения. В результате опроса и аналитической работы авторов были выделены ключевые проблемы, связанные с научными коммуникациями на русском языке на пространстве СНГ, и предложены мероприятия для их решения

Оценка результатов реорганизации научных организаций в Российской Федерации

The article provides an overview of the study results of the scientific organizations’s reorganization in the Russian Federation, that was made at the federal level, starting in 2013, and was associated with the mergering of a number of research institutes for various reasons. As a result of the study, it was found out that most of the new structures were formed by joining smaller organizations to larger research centers located in territorial proximity and performing work in close scientific fields. In some cases, mergering of scientific organizations was due to the need to ensure an interdisciplinary approach to research.  As a result of the assessment of key performance indicators of scientific organizations before and after the reorganization, it was concluded that at present the positive trends are not fully visible, while in some cases there is an increase in key performance indicators. The authors concluded on the need for additional research, covering the assessment of the quality level of achieved results, as well as the dynamics of indicators within 3-5 years after the restructuring.El artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre la reorganización de organizaciones científicas en la Federación de Rusia, que se llevó a cabo a nivel federal, a partir de 2013, y se asoció con la unificación de varios institutos de investigación por diversos motivos. Como resultado del estudio, se encontró que la mayoría de las nuevas estructuras se formaron al unir organizaciones más pequeñas a centros de investigación más grandes ubicados en las proximidades y realizando trabajos en campos científicos cercanos. En algunos casos, la asociación de organizaciones científicas se debió a la necesidad de garantizar un enfoque interdisciplinario de la investigación. Como resultado de la evaluación de los indicadores clave de rendimiento de las organizaciones científicas antes y después de la reorganización, se llegó a la conclusión de que, en la actualidad, las tendencias positivas no son totalmente visibles, mientras que en algunos casos hay un aumento en los indicadores clave de rendimiento. Los autores concluyen sobre la necesidad de investigación adicional, que cubra la evaluación del nivel de calidad de los resultados alcanzados, así como la dinámica de los indicadores dentro de los 3-5 años posteriores a la reestructuración.Статья представляет собой результаты исследования вопросов реорганизации научных организаций в Российской Федерации, которая осуществлялась на федеральном уровне, начиная с 2013 года, и была связана с объединением ряда научно-исследовательских институтов по различным основаниям. В результате исследования было установлено, что большинство новых структур было образовано путем присоединения небольших организаций к более крупным научно-исследовательским центрам, расположенным в территориальной близости и выполняющим работы по близким научным направлениям. В ряде случаев объединении научных организаций было обусловлено необходимостью обеспечения междисциплинарного подхода в исследованиях. В результате оценки ключевых показателей деятельности научных организаций до и после реорганизации были сделаны выводы о том, что на текущий момент не в полной мере заметны положительные тренды, при этом в ряде случаев отмечается рост ключевых оценочных показателей. Авторы делают вывод о необходимости проведения дополнительного исследования, охватывающего оценку качественного уровня достигнутых результатов, а также динамики показателей в течение 3-5 лет после проведения реструктуризации

Western Beringia and beyond - three decades of German-Russian paleoenvironmental research on Siberian permafrost

With first joint fieldwork on Taymyr Peninsula during mid-1990s, a successful cooperation of German, Russian, and further international partners on permafrost and Quaternary palaeoenvironments in Siberia was started and resulted in extensive joint research for 3 decades. Studies of permafrost deposits and ground ice provided insights on past environmental and climatic changes, covering several hundreds of thousands of years into the past. They provide multi-proxy evidence for multiple glacial/interglacial cycles and different periods of past climate change or stability in Arctic land environments. Study objects were natural permafrost exposures along coastal sections, thaw slumps, and river banks, studied mostly during summers, complemented by permafrost cores from land, lake and sea ground drilled mostly in spring. Exposure geometry and stratigraphic horizon thickness have been surveyed using laser tachymetry, other measuring equipment, and drones. Based on multi-proxy analyses, mid- and late Quaternary periods were studied, resulting in >300 scientific papers. The approach includes geomorphic studies, various geochronological analyses, analysis of frozen sediments (for ice, carbon, nitrogen, and carbonate contents, grain-size parameters, magnetic susceptibility, heavy mineral compositions), ground ice (stable water isotopes, major ions) and of numerous fossil bioindicators, to reconstruct the Quaternary paleoenvironmental change. Oldest permafrost horizons were dated from the Batagay mega-thaw-slump (Yana Uplands) to about 650 ky with luminescence dating. Here and elsewhere, records of Eemian and Holocene interglacial periods, and environmental conditions associated with it were targeted. Many sites with late Pleistocene Yedoma Ice Complex have been explored. Lateglacial and Holocene warming induced enormous periglacial landscape changes by widespread permafrost degradation and substantial paleoecological changes. For vast Siberian areas where glacial records are not available, we aim on the establishment of permafrost as paleoclimatic archive, emphasizing peculiarities of permafrost age control and record resolution and stressing the great potential for understanding climate variability on glacial-interglacial timescales in Western Beringia

Methods of estimating reserves of productivity growth

Two levels of the estimation of labor productivity reserves are considered: for lower-level (secondary) subdivisions and a construction enterprise. For secondary subdivisions it is recommended to implement the full-scale approach through interconnected single-factor, multifactor and predictable methods. The ground of these methods is based on corre-lation-regressive models of changes in natural output by types of construc-tion and installation works. For the construction enterprise, the authors have allocated groups of factors that determine the average annual output per worker-production of contract works, their structure, production assets and circulating assets, labor, prime cost and operational management. The foregoing provisions are illustrated by examples based on a large body of statistical information from construction practice

Systematization of the major stages of the client in certain branches of construction production

The article contains substantiation of the need for investment and construction projects in various sectors of the construction production. On the basis of domestic and foreign experience it describes the concept of the client (customer) and his functions and tasks in the implementation of such projects. It also systematizes the main stages of the customer’s activities, which are presented as a preparation for the construction, development of construction sites, monitoring the progress of the construction, commis-sioning and commissioning of facilities. There is also a determination of time intervals at each stage, the final formula for calculating the duration of the investment project due to the given the shared stages. The article also gives optimization variants in some sectors of construction production

Modelling the Reduction of Project Making Duration

The article points out why earlier patterns of investment process were ineffective in developing the construction projects and shows sources for reducing of its total duration. It describes the procedure of statistical modeling and obtaining medium-term time parameters required for modern pattern of project-making; offers design formulas for assessment of total time required for project-making as well as for its main stages; reveals advantage of modern system of project-making against traditional one by comparing indicators of their duration

Modelling the Reduction of Project Making Duration

The article points out why earlier patterns of investment process were ineffective in developing the construction projects and shows sources for reducing of its total duration. It describes the procedure of statistical modeling and obtaining medium-term time parameters required for modern pattern of project-making; offers design formulas for assessment of total time required for project-making as well as for its main stages; reveals advantage of modern system of project-making against traditional one by comparing indicators of their duration

Methods of estimating reserves of productivity growth

Two levels of the estimation of labor productivity reserves are considered: for lower-level (secondary) subdivisions and a construction enterprise. For secondary subdivisions it is recommended to implement the full-scale approach through interconnected single-factor, multifactor and predictable methods. The ground of these methods is based on corre-lation-regressive models of changes in natural output by types of construc-tion and installation works. For the construction enterprise, the authors have allocated groups of factors that determine the average annual output per worker-production of contract works, their structure, production assets and circulating assets, labor, prime cost and operational management. The foregoing provisions are illustrated by examples based on a large body of statistical information from construction practice

Использование методики «Сетевой самоотчет» для изучения специфики интернет-социализации подростков и юношей с нарушением интеллекта

Introduction. The study of specific characteristics of online socialization among adolescents and young adults with disabilities, especially intellectual disabilities, is a new and promising direction in special education that requires the development of methodological approaches and foundations for conducting research of this kind. Methods. The study of specifics characteristics of online socialization in individuals with intellectual disabilities is associated with a description of their socialization and online-based formation, in comparison with typically developing peers. Researchers should understand online interaction as a form of alternative communication, a way of adaptation and a potential source of online risks individuals face. The Internet User’s Self-report diagnostic tool was tested using the samples of typically developing adolescents and young adults (n = 181) and respondents of the same age with intellectual disabilities (n = 119). Results. Testing the Internet User’s Self-report using samples of adolescents and young adults with mental retardation and their typically developing adolescents showed that this diagnostic tool is easily understood by respondents from both groups and can identify qualitative and quantitative differences between the samples. The respondents with mental retardation show less online activity related to search for information and a low awareness of online phenomena and the phenomena of online interaction; they use the Internet as an additional field for realizing the need for communication and more aggressively protect their online interaction space from parental control. Discussion. The presented data open up promising directions of research in the field of online socialization of students with developmental disabilities, including (a) primary screening within the framework of the primary disease in comparison with typically developing peers, (b) in-depth study of age ranges within nosologies and identification of age differences within nosological groups, and (c) differentiated study comparing different nosological categories and identifying intergroup differences.Введение. Изучение специфики сетевой социализации подростков и юношей с ОВЗ и, в частности, с нарушением интеллекта является новым и перспективным направлением в специальной психологии и нуждается в разработке методологических подходов и методических основ проведения исследований подобного рода. Методы. Изучение специфики сетевой социализации лиц с нарушением интеллекта связано с описанием особенностей их социализационно-сетевого становления, в сравнении с нормативно развивающимися сверстниками предполагающим понимание исследователем интернет-взаимодействия как формы альтернативной коммуникации, способа адаптации и потенциального источника сетевых рисков личности. Методический инструментарий представлен авторской методикой «Сетевой самоотчет», апробированной с участием 181 респондента подросткового и юношеского возраста с нормативным развитием и 119 респондентов тех же возрастов с нарушением интеллекта. Результаты. Апробация методики «Сетевой самоотчет» с участием выборок подростков и юношей с умственной отсталостью и их нормативно развивающихся сверстников показала, что данный инструментарий доступен для выполнения респондентам обеих групп и применим для выявления качественно-количественных различий между выборками. У респондентов с умственной отсталостью наблюдаются меньшая активность в Сети по поиску информации, низкая осведомленность о сетевых явлениях и феноменах сетевого взаимодействия, использование Интернета как дополнительного поля реализации выраженной потребности в общении и более агрессивная защита своего сетевого пространства от вмешательства родителей. Обсуждение результатов. Представленные данные открывают ряд перспективных направлений исследования в предметной области сетевой социализации обучающихся с нарушением развития: 1) первичный скрининг в рамках ведущего нарушения по сравнению с нормативно развивающимися сверстниками; 2) углубленное исследование по возрастным диапазонам в рамках одной нозологии и выявление возрастных различий внутри одной нозологической группы; 3) дифференцированное исследование по сравнению разных нозологических категорий и выявлению межгрупповых различий