Application of Supercomputer Technologies for Simulation of Socio-Economic Systems

To date, an extensive experience has been accumulated in investigation of problems related to quality, assessment of management systems, modeling of economic system sustainability. The studies performed have created a basis for formation of a new research area — Economics of Quality. Its tools allow to use opportunities of model simulation for construction of the mathematical models adequately reflecting the role of quality in natural, technical, social regularities of functioning of the complex socioeconomic systems. Extensive application and development of models, and also system modeling with use of supercomputer technologies, on our deep belief, will bring the conducted researches of social and economic systems to essentially new level. Moreover, the current scientific research makes a significant contribution to model simulation of multi-agent social systems and that isn’t less important, it belongs to the priority areas in development of science and technology in our country. This article is devoted to the questions of supercomputer technologies application in public sciences, first of all, — regarding technical realization of the large-scale agent-focused models (AFM). The essence of this tool is that owing to increase in power of computers it became possible to describe the behavior of many separate fragments of a difficult system, as social and economic systems represent. The article also deals with the experience of foreign scientists and practicians in launching the AFM on supercomputers, and also the example of AFM developed in CEMI RAS, stages and methods of effective calculating kernel display of multi-agent system on architecture of a modern supercomputer will be analyzed. The experiments on the basis of model simulation on forecasting the population of St. Petersburg according to three scenarios as one of the major factors influencing the development of social and economic system and quality of life of the population are presented in the conclusion

The problem of representation of everyday life in the works of A. Pankratov

The article explores the films of the Soviet and Russian director Alexander Pankratov. The author analyzes the visual retory and narrative of films. The author draws attention to how various literature shaped and transformed the style of Pankratov’s films, starting with an early film in the genre of the rock opera Musical Fantasy (1978) based on the play by M. Gorky. The techniques used by the director when trying to reconstruct history in his films are analyzed. The films “Portrait of the Artist’s Wife”, created based on the story of Yu. Nagibina “Berendeev Forest”, films based on the original scripts “Happy, Eugene!” (1984), “Goodbye, Zamoskvoretskaya punks” (1987), etc. The author identifies the ways that the director uses to design a space in the style of “retro”, to create authentic characters. Pankratov tried to document and interpret modern life in the USSR or in Russia in his films. Images of time/historical memory occupy a lot of space both in films of the 1970s and in the 1990s. The author pays special attention to characters and plots from modern Russia. The problem of emigration is analyzed in detail in the film “An Emigrant or a Beard with Glasses and a Warthog” (2001) and “Hitchhiking” (2009). The director is alarmed by the dehumanization of Russian society and the immoralism of Pankratov’s contemporaries. The author relies on numerous publications about Pankratov, his interview with him, and Pankratov’s literary works

Plasticity and decomposition of whiskers on electric-induced deformation

The purpose of the work is to study the influence of weak electric fields (1–10 V/cm) on the micro and macroplasticity of whisker crystals of silver azide. The paper considers the processes occurring in the crystals of silver azide on the indentation in noncontact electric field. One of the processes is the indenter-induced movement of unfixed dislocations, which is the evidence of crystals microplasticity, followed by the accumulation of dislocations at the impediments of different nature. Further, this causes the change in linear dimensions of the crystals and the return to original dimensions, which is the evidence of macroplasticity. After deformation, a greater number of dislocations are formed, which stops the formation of the reaction areas where outgassing is observed. A method for controlling the whiskers stability and reactivity using the microindentation in electric field is proposed

New insights into the Weichselian environment and climate of the East Siberian Arctic, derived from fossil insects, plants, and mammals

Multidisciplinary study of a key section on the Laptev Sea Coast (Bykovsky Peninsula, east Lena Delta) in 1998–2001 provides the most complete record of Middle and Late Weichselian environments in the East Siberian Arctic. The 40-m high Mamontovy Khayata cliff is a typical Ice Complex section built of icy silts with a network of large syngenetic polygonal ice wedges, and is richly fossiliferous. In combination with pollen, plant macrofossil and mammal fossils, a sequence of ca 70 insect samples provides a new interpretation of the environment and climate of the area between ca 50 and 12 ka. The large number of radiocarbon dates from the section, together with an extensive 14C database on mammal bones, allows chronological correlation of the various proxies. The Bykovsky record shows how climate change, and the Last Glacial Maximum in particular, affected terrestrial organisms such as insects and large grazing mammals. Both during the presumed “Karginsky Interstadial” (MIS 3) and the Sartanian Glacial (MIS 2), the vegetation remained a mosaic arctic grassland with relatively high diversity of grasses and herbs and dominance of xeric habitats: the tundra-steppe type. This biome was supported by a constantly very continental climate, caused by low sea level and enormous extension of shelf land. Variations within the broad pattern were caused mainly by fluctuations in summer temperature, related to global trends but overprinted by the effect of continentality. No major changes in humidity were observed nor were advances of modern-type forest or forest-tundra recorded, suggesting a major revision of the “Karginsky Interstadial” paradigm. The changing subtypes of the tundra-steppe environment were persistently favourable for mammalian grazers, which inhabited the shelf lowlands throughout the studied period. Mammal population numbers were lowered during the LGM, especially toward its end, and then flourished in a short, but impressive peak in the latest Weichselian, just before the collapse of the tundra-steppe biome. Throughout MIS 3 and MIS 2, the climate remained very favourable for the aggradation of permafrost. No events of regional permafrost degradation were observed in the continuous Bykovsky sequence until the very end of the Pleistocene

Processing of energy materials in electromagnetic field

This paper presents the research results of complex impact of mechanical stress and electromagnetic field on the defect structure of energy materials. As the object of research quite a typical energy material - silver azide was chosen, being a model in chemistry of solids. According to the experiments co-effect of magnetic field and mechanical stress in silver azide crystals furthers multiplication, stopper breakaway, shift of dislocations, and generation of superlattice dislocations - micro-cracks. A method of mechanical and electric strengthening has been developed and involves changing the density of dislocations in whiskers

Controlling Explosive Sensitivity of Energy-Related Materials by Means of Production and Processing in Electromagnetic Fields

The present work is one of the world first attempts to develop effective methods for controlling explosive sensitivity of energy-related materials with the help of weak electric (up to 1 mV/cm) and magnetic (0.001 T) fields. The resulting experimental data can be used for purposeful alternation of explosive materials reactivity, which is of great practical importance. The proposed technology of producing and processing materials in a weak electric field allows forecasting long-term stability of these materials under various energy impacts

Reactogenicity of Biomaterials as Studied by Biochemical, Morphological and Ultrastructural Techniques

Reactogenicity is a characteristic of biocompatible materials that provokes the reparative and proliferative reaction of connective tissues, a compulsory stage of which is inflammation. Thus, reactogenicity studies should include experiments in vivo. A quantitative assessment of reactogenicity can be obtained by subcutaneous implantation of standard olive-shaped specimens covered by the biomaterial under study followed by biochemical, histological and scanning electron microscopical studies of the capsule developing around the implant. Reactogenicity of surgical threads is evaluated by semiquantitative histological analysis of the wound healing process after suture application. Biomaterial reactogenicity can be modified by changing the structure of the surface and its chemical characteristics, and in particular, by applying different biologically active substances including atrane-containing compounds. The reactogenicity indices suggested present the results of the interaction between the biomaterials and the cells

Synthesis and some properties of 2-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-2 h -1,2,3-diazaphosphol-4-yl)-4 h -benzo[ d ]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorin-4-one

2-(5-Methyl-2-phenyl-2-1,2,3-diazaphosphol-4-yl)-4H-benzo[d]-1,3, 2-dioxaphosphorin-4-one 1 readily reacts with hexafluoroacetone, mesoxalic acid diethyl ester, trifluoropyruvic acid ethyl ester and chloral to give 2-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-dizaphosphole-4-yl)-derivatives of 1,3,2- and 1,4,2-dioxaphosphepines. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

The Research Directed to Results of Activity of the Federal Innovative Platforms Forming Professional Competences of the Sphere of the State and Municipal Procurement Assessment

Results of the complex research directed to assessment of results of activity of the federal innovative platforms providing professional development and professional retraining of experts in the sphere of purchases of goods (works, services) for the state and municipal needs, conducted on the basis of the developed scientific and methodical model of monitoring of efficiency of their activity with use of technological tools for collecting, the analysis and data storage are presented in this article. Within the complex research innovative activity of federal innovative platforms of the country is collected and analysed, the best practices of their activity are selected and described, ways of development of organizational mechanisms of improvement of technologies and content of innovative activities for professional development and professional retraining of experts in the sphere of purchases of goods (works, services) are revealed and described, possibilities of distribution of the created innovations (the received results) are defined

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT AS A FACTOR OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY COMPETITIVENESS

Russian enterprises are not paying enough attention to the issues of innovative development, while global trends demonstrate the increase of enterprises competitiveness through the introduction of innovations. Innovations are able qualitatively improve enterprise performance indicators in conditions of tough competition. For many domestic enterprises, in such conditions the innovation and its specific results could be a key criterion of success. Lack of investment is the most important problem holding back innovations. The experience of support and development of innovations in Canada and South Korea has been considered in the article. It has been concluded that in general the Russian Federation is experiencing a global transfer to an innovative economy, which in the future should be an undoubted advantage for the production of competitive products. The creation of radically new products and services, as well as the enhancement of existing ones, will allow Russian enterprises systematically improve their image, increase their business reputation, which will attract more investments