GZK photons as UHECR above 1019^{19} eV

"GZK photons" are produced by extragalactic nucleons through the resonant photoproduction of pions. We present the expected range of the GZK photon fraction of UHECR, assuming a particular UHECR spectrum and primary nucleons, and compare it with the minimal photon fraction predicted by Top-Down models.Comment: Talk given at TAUP2005, Sept. 10-14 2005, Zaragoza (Spain); 3 pages, 2 figure

АНАЛІЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ФІНАНСОВО-ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СУБЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ В УМОВАХ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Every year the number of users interested in non-financial reporting grows. Their aim is to assess company activity including not only their financial performance but also their contribution to social and economic development of society. However, non-financial reporting cannot provide full information to users in order to satisfy all their requirements. It is upon Integrated Reporting (IR), which refers to financial and non-financial indexes. In the article disclosure the analysis of financial and business performance technique for national entities (private as well as public sectors of economy) that would include using financial and non-financial indexes.To standardize financial and operating performance indexes, their possible comparison, macro and micro modeling, it is proposed to identify Index of performance, which is defined by the system of complex indexes: index (indicator) of reaching business entity economic indicators, index (indicator) for ecological efficiency, index (indicator) for social efficiency. It was grounded the necessity to calculate Quality coefficient assessment to avoid declarative achievement of ecological and social efficiency indexes, the quality of their performance.Исследованы масштабы и перспективы внедрения нефинансовой отчетности в современных условиях социально-экономического развития. Обоснована необходимость анализа результатов финансово-хозяйственной деятельности отечественных субъектов хозяйствования частного и государственного секторов экономики с использованием финансовых и нефинансовых показателей. Представлена методика расчета Индекса результативности финансово-хозяйственной деятельности, которая определяется системой комплексных показателей: индекса достижения экономических показателей, индекса показателей экологической эффективности, индекса показателей социальной эффективности хозяйствующего субъекта.Досліджено масштаби і перспективи впровадження нефінансової звітності в сучасних умовах соціально-економічного розвитку. Обґрунтовано необхідність аналізу результатів фінансово-господарської діяльності вітчизняних суб’єктів господарювання приватного і державного секторів економіки з використанням фінансових і нефінансових показників. Представлено методику розрахунку Індексу результативності фінансово-господарської діяльності, який визначається системою комплексних показників: індексу досягнення економічних показників, індексу показників екологічної ефективності, індексу показників соціальної ефективності суб’єкта господарювання

Relic Neutrinos and Z-Resonance Mechanism for Highest-Energy Cosmic Rays

The origin of the highest-energy cosmic rays remains elusive. The decay of a superheavy particle (X) into an ultra-energetic neutrino which scatters from a relic (anti-)neutrino at the Z-resonance has attractive features. Given the necessary X mass of $10^{14\sim15}$ GeV, the required lifetime, $10^{15\sim16}$ y, renders model-building a serious challenge but three logical possibilities are considered: (i) X is a Higgs scalar in SU(15) belonging to high-rank representation, leading to {\it power}-enhanced lifetime; (ii) a global X quantum number has {\it exponentially}-suppressed symmetry-breaking by instantons; and (iii) with additional space dimension(s) localisation of X within the real-world brane leads to {\it gaussian} decay suppression, the most efficient of the suppression mechanisms considered.Comment: 10 page LaTeX and one postscript figure. References adde

Photons as Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays ?

We study spectra of the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays assuming primaries are protons and photons, and that their sources are extragalactic. We assume power low for the injection spectra and take into account the influence of cosmic microwave, infrared, optical and radio backgrounds as well as extragalactic magnetic fields on propagation of primaries. Our additional free parameters are the maximum energy of injected particles and the distance to the nearest source. We find a parameter range where the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cut-off is avoided.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Refractory Arterial Hypertension: Features of Neurohormonal and Water-salt Imbalanceand Approaches to Antihypertensive Drug Therapy

Refractory arterial hypertension is characterized by a lack of control of target blood pressure, despite the prolonged use >5 antihypertensive drugs with different mechanisms of action, including longacting diuretic chlorthalidone and the mineralcorticoid receptor antagonists (spironolactone or eplerenone). The review presents the results of clinical studies devoted the elucidating peculiarities of the neurohormonal status and water-salt balance in such patients and developing new approaches to antihypertensive drug therapy based on them. According to these studies, individuals with refractory hypertension differ from patients with resistant hypertension with the higher of sympathetic nervous system activity and the absence of an increased of intrathoracic fluid volume, which indirectly indicates a significant decrease in the intravascular fluid volume. In this regard, the review focuses on the data obtained in assessing the clinical efficacy of sympatholytics clonidine and reserpine in patients with resistant and refractory hypertension, as well as renal sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors, which suppress the sympathetic nervous system activity and can be used to overcome refractory hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes

Instantaneous Radio Spectra of Giant Pulses from the Crab Pulsar from Decimeter to Decameter Wavelengths

The results of simultaneous multifrequency observations of giant radio pulses from the Crab pulsar, PSR B0531+21, at 23, 111, and 600 MHz are presented and analyzed. Giant pulses were detected at a frequency as low as 23 MHz for the first time. Of the 45 giant pulses detected at 23 MHz, 12 were identified with counterparts observed simultaneously at 600 MHz. Of the 128 giant pulses detected at 111 MHz, 21 were identified with counterparts observed simultaneously at 600 MHz. The spectral indices for the power-law frequency dependence of the giant-pulse energies are from -3.1 to -1.6. The mean spectral index is -2.7 +/- 0.1 and is the same for both frequency combinations (600-111 MHz and 600-23 MHz). The large scatter in the spectral indices of the individual pulses and the large number of unidentified giant pulses suggest that the spectra of the individual giant pulses do not actually follow a simple power law. The observed shapes of the giant pulses at all three frequencies are determined by scattering on interstellar plasma irregularities. The scatter broadening of the pulses and its frequency dependence were determined as tau_sc=20*(f/100)^(-3.5 +/- 0.1) ms, where the frequency f is in MHz.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure, 1 table (originally published in Russian in Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, 2006, vol. 83, No. 7, pp. 630-637), translated by Georgii Rudnitski