Synthesis of Silver Nanowires with Reduced Diameters Using Benzoin-Derived Radicals to Make Transparent Conductors with High Transparency and Low Haze.

Reducing the diameter of silver nanowires has been proven to be an effective way to improve their optoelectronic performance by lessening light attenuation. The state-of-the-art silver nanowires are typically around 20 nm in diameter. Herein we report a modified polyol synthesis of silver nanowires with average diameters as thin as 13 nm and aspect ratios up to 3000. The success of this synthesis is based on the employment of benzoin-derived radicals in the polyol approach and does not require high-pressure conditions. The strong reducing power of radicals allows the reduction of silver precursors to occur at relatively low temperatures, wherein the lateral growth of silver nanowires is restrained because of efficient surface passivation. The optoelectronic performance of as-prepared 13 nm silver nanowires presents a sheet resistance of 28 Ω sq-1 at a transmittance of 95% with a haze factor of ∼1.2%, comparable to that of commercial indium tin oxide (ITO)

Using Young Adult Literature in order to promote values of stustainability in EFL learners

Im Laufe der letzten Jahrzehnte ist es zu einem verstärkten Bewusstsein bezüglich die Umwelt betreffender Probleme sowie des Zusammenhangs zwischen menschlichem Handeln und der Zerstörung der Umwelt gekommen. Um jetzige sowie zukünftige Generationen auf die Herausforderungen der Zukunft vorzubereiten, ist ein Wandel der Bildungssysteme notwendig. Diese Diplomarbeit fokussiert sich auf das Thema der Nachhaltigkeit im Englischunterricht sowie des Einsatzes von Jugendliteratur, um im Rahmen des Englischunterrichts Aspekte des Themenfelds „Nachhaltigkeit“ zu erarbeiten. Die Studie wurde mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, zu evaluieren, inwiefern Englisch unterrichtende Lehrerinnen und Lehrer den Englischunterricht für geeignet halten, um darin Nachhaltigkeit zu thematisieren, und ob diese Lehrerinnen und Lehrer Jugendliteratur für ein geeignetes Mittel zum Zwecke dieser Thematisierung halten. Zudem wurde den Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern der Studie ein Reading Project, das Schülern und Schülerinnen den Themenbereich „Nachhaltigkeit in der Bekleidungsindustrie“ näherbringen soll, präsentiert; und sie wurden darum gebeten, ausführliches Feedback zu dem Reading Project bereitzustellen. Die Studie ergab, dass EnglischlehrerInnen sich des Zusammenhangs zwischen dem Englischunterricht und der Bildung hin zu Nachhaltigkeit zu einem gewissen Grad bewusst sind. Allerdings scheint Potential zur Stärkung dieses Bewusstseins gegeben. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass LehrerInnen den Einsatz von Jugendliteratur für ein geeignetes Mittel halten, um im Rahmen des Englischunterrichts das Themenfeld „Nachhaltigkeit“ zu erarbeiten. Das Feedback zu dem präsentierten Reading Project ergab, dass die Lehrerinnen und Lehrer eine Kürzung des Projects oder das Einplanen von mehr Zeit empfehlen.During the last decades, there has been an increase in awareness concerning environmental issues in general and the role that humanity plays in causing environmental degradation in particular. Teaching towards sustainability needs to be implemented into all school subjects and can be realized via the use of a variety of different methods and tools. This thesis focuses on the thematization of environmental sustainability in the EFL classroom as well as on the usage of Young Adult Literature as a tool for teaching towards sustainability in the EFL classroom. A study was conducted in order to explore to what extent EFL teachers believe that the EFL classroom constitutes an environment suitable for teaching towards sustainability and in how far they consider Young Adult Literature as suitable for teaching towards sustainability in the context of EFL teaching. Furthermore, the participants were presented with a reading project on the topic of sustainability in the fashion industry and were asked to provide feedback in order to allow for the reading projects optimization. The study revealed that, to some extent, teachers are aware of the relationship between EFL teaching and teaching towards sustainability. However, there seems to still be potential to increase teachers awareness concerning the suitability of the EFL classroom for teaching towards sustainability. With regard to using Young Adult Literature, a considerable number of teachers voiced the opinion that YAL can be considered a valuable tool in teaching towards sustainability. With regard to the reading project, the majority of teachers provided the feedback that the completion of individual activities as well as the reading project as a whole would take up more time than is accounted for.vorgelegt von Elisabeth KuttnerZusammenfassungen in Deutsch und EnglischKarl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2019(VLID)376503

Synthesis of Silver Nanowires with Reduced Diameters Using Benzoin-Derived Radicals to Make Transparent Conductors with High Transparency and Low Haze.

Reducing the diameter of silver nanowires has been proven to be an effective way to improve their optoelectronic performance by lessening light attenuation. The state-of-the-art silver nanowires are typically around 20 nm in diameter. Herein we report a modified polyol synthesis of silver nanowires with average diameters as thin as 13 nm and aspect ratios up to 3000. The success of this synthesis is based on the employment of benzoin-derived radicals in the polyol approach and does not require high-pressure conditions. The strong reducing power of radicals allows the reduction of silver precursors to occur at relatively low temperatures, wherein the lateral growth of silver nanowires is restrained because of efficient surface passivation. The optoelectronic performance of as-prepared 13 nm silver nanowires presents a sheet resistance of 28 Ω sq-1 at a transmittance of 95% with a haze factor of ∼1.2%, comparable to that of commercial indium tin oxide (ITO)