Morphologic and AFLP analysis of relationships between tulip species Tulipa biebersteiniana (Liliaceae)

In populations of four species of tulips (Tulipa biebersteiniana, T. patens, T. scytica and T. riparia) from the Volgograd, Kurgansk, Orenburg, and Chelyabinsk regions and the Republic of Bashkortostan, genetic diversity was studied by means of morphological and AFLP analysis. A morphological analysis of seven quantitative and two qualitative criteria was carried out. Three selective EcoRI/MseI primer pairs allowed one to genotype 81 individuals from 13 tulip populations with 87 loci. The low level of variability by AFLP loci were revealed in all species, including T. biebersteiniana (P = 20. 41%, UHe = 0. 075), T. patens (26. 97%, 0. 082), T. scytica (27. 53%, 0. 086), and T. riparia (27. 72%, 0. 096). According to the AMOVA results, the variability proportion that characterizes the differences between the four Tulip species was lower (FCT = 0. 235) than between populations within species (FST = 0. 439). Tulipa patens is well differentiated by means of Nei's distances, coordination, and analysis in the STRUCTURE program. An analysis in the STRUCTURE revealed four genetic groups of tulips that are not completely in accordance with the analyzed species. This acknowledges the presence of complicated genetic process in the tulip population. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Intraspecific differentiation of Astragalus clerceanus s. L. (Craccina, Fabaceae): Environmental, genetic and embryological aspects

The genotypic diversity, embryological, and anthecological characteristics in six natural and one introduced populations of Astragalus clerceanus s. l. were investigated. The information about significant environmental differences in the two parts of its area was given (including the decided preference limestone and dolomite by the southern plants and avoidance such substrates - by the northern). According to the allozyme analysis the high levels of genetic polymorphism was shown and unique alleles were identified in all populations. In the most populations het-erozygote deficit was determined that was probably due to the inbreeding phenomenon. On the several allozyme loci allele frequencies differences were marked even in geographically close populations, suggested the presence of the gene drift in isolated populations. Genetic divergence (difference is significant p < 10 -5 ) between southern and northern groups of populations, as well as its large embryological differentiations were shown. Therefore, the separation of Astragalus clerceanus s. l. in two subspecies was valid that demonstrated considerable microevolution transformation of the species. © 2019 Altai State University.All rights reserved

Gene diversity in grevillea populations introduced in Brazil and its implication on management of genetic resources.

A variabilidade isoenzimática para seis populações de Grevillea robusta, oriundas de um teste de procedências/progenies, implantado no delineamento em blocos casualizados com 5 plantas por parcela, no Sul do Brasil, é descrita. A estrutura genética da população foi analisada utilizando-se marcadores bioquímicos, aos 5 anos de idade, especificamente para os locos MDH-3, PGM-2, DIA-2, PO-1, PO-2, SOD-1, e SKDH-1. As procedências do norte de ocorrência natural (Rathdowney e Woodenbong) apresentaram divergência genética superior, em relação à média das progênies, considerando o número de alelos por locus, (Ap), a riqueza alélica (Rs), a diversidade genética de Nei (H), e o coeficiente de endogamia (f). A endogamia foi detectada em diversos graus. A testemunha comercial apresentou o maior coeficiente de endogamia, (f = 0,4448), comparativamente à média das procedências (f = 0,2306), possivelmente devido à insuficiente amostragem populacional na região de origem (Austrália). Apesar de sua ocorrência natural restrita, observou-se correlação positiva entre divergência genética e distância geográfica entre as populações originais. A distância genética e análise de cluster, baseada no modelo bayesiano, mostrou três grupos de procedências distintos: 1) Rathdowney- QLD e Woodenbong-QLD; 2) Paddy?s Flat-NSW; e 3) Mann River-NSW, Boyd River-NSW e a testemunha comercial (material utilizado no Brasil). O agrupamento da testemunha com as procedências Mann River-NSW e Boyd River-NSW sugere um maior potencial das procedências do norte para o melhoramento genético visando à produção de madeira no Brasil, devido a sua elevada diversidade genética e baixo coeficiente de endogamia

Allium Root-micronucleus (Allium-MCN) test on the genotoxicity of soil samples contaminated with heavy metals

Allium Root-MCN bioassay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of 5 soil samples. Two types of soils were studied: contaminated one collected near of copper-smelters (the Middle Urals) and Ni-enriched soil from an area of a natural geochemical anomaly (the Polar Urals). We measured potentially mobile forms of metals in soils and water-soluble concentrations of metals in soils with standard methods. Allium roots were exposed in aqueous soil extracts for 30 hours with a recovery duration for 20 and 44 hours. We found an increase of frequencies of total nuclear anomalies in meristematic cells as compared to control samples. The most frequent types of anomalies in all studied samples were extrusions. Influence of high Ni concentrations leads to decrease of roots growth that was observed after recovery time also and increasing of number of micronucleus. The frequency of micronuclei in cells of root tips increased up to 6.5 fold as compared to control samples. The total number of anomalies and contribution of extrusions among them was higher for contaminated soils with prevalence of Cu. After the second recovery time point of 44 hours the number of anomalies increased dramatically, that allow recommend such period for similar experiments. In conclusion, high concentrations of Ni lead to decrease of roots growth that was observed after recovery time also and increasing of number of micronuclei. © IDOSI Publications, 2012