Determınatıon Of Antıbıotıc Resıstance Genes In Vancomycın Resıstant Enterococcı

Normal bağırsak flora elemanı olan enterokoklar son yıllarda endokardit, sepsis, menenjit ve idrar yolları enfeksiyonları gibi ciddi nozokomiyal enfeksiyonlara yol açan mikroorganizmalar arasında yer almıştır. Vankomisin ve teikoplanin gibi glikopeptit antibiyotiklerine karşı geliştirdikleri direnç enterokokların önemli bir hastane enfeksiyonu etkeni olmalarına neden olmuştur. Son yıllarda glikopeptit direncinde gözlenen artış vankomisin dirençli enterokokların yol açtığı ciddi enfeksiyonlarının tedavi seçeneklerini de kısıtlamıştır. Vankomisin dirençli enterokok vakalarında direncin genetik temelinin araştırılması, hastane enfeksiyonlarının etkin tedavisi ve direncin minumuma indirilmesinde alınacak önlemlerin belirlenmesinde önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2011-2017 yılları arasında Gazi Üniversitesi Hastanesi nden toplanan vankomisin dirençli enterokokların direnç genleri polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile araştırılmıştır. Toplam 7551 enterokok suşunun 179 unda vankomisin direncine rastlanmış olup, 107 izolat direnç genleri yönünden incelenmiştir. İncelenen 107 örneğin 96 sının (%89,72) VanA, 1 örneğin (%0,93) VanB tipi direnç gösterdiği saptanmıştır.Enterococci are known to cause serious nosocomial infections such as endocarditis, sepsis, meningitis and urinary tract infections. Glycopeptide antibiotics such as vancomycin and teicoplanin are commonly used for the treatment of severe infections caused by Gram (+) bacteria, such as Enterococci. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have shown an increase in prevalence in recent years. Determination of the resistance genotypes is particularly important for the rapid and effective treatment of some severe infections and prevention of hospital-acquired infections. Aim of this study is to determine the glycopeptide resistance genotypes of VRE that were isolated in Gazi University Hospital during 2011- 2017 using polymerase chain reaction. 179 of the 7551 enterococcal isolates were found to be resistant to vancomycin. 107 VRE isolates were selected for genotype analysis. 96 (89.72%) isolates were found to have VanA type resistance, while only one (0.93%) was found to exhibit VanB type resistance

A comparative evaluation of Juniperus species with antimicrobial magistrals

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro bioactivity of the active ingredient in selected antimicrobial magistral drug formulations and plant extracts used in folk medicine, comparatively. The active ingredients of magistrals such as; boric acid, balsam of Peru, zinc oxide, Calendula tincture, thymol, resorcinol, crystal violet were used as well as fruit or leaf extracts of Juniperus excelsa (Je), J. sabina (Js), J .foetidissima (#), J. communis ssp. nana (Jcsn), and J. oxycedrus spp. oxycedrus ripe (Joso) to determine the antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria (S. pyogenes, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis), gram negative bacteria (K. pneumoniae, H. influenza, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. cob), and fungi (Candida. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei) by using microdilution method. The inhibition end point of the minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) were determined as mu g mL(-1). The active ingredient and plant extracts have shown antibacterial and antifungal activities with a MIC values of 1->128 mu gmL(-1). The active ingredient crystal violet (MIC; 1 mu s mL(-1)) as well as Je- fruit ethanol, Jf-leaf and fruit ethanol, Joso-leaf and fruit ethanol extracts (MIC; 16 mu gmL(-1)) have exhibited the highest antimicrobial activities (MIC; 16 mu g rnL(-1)). Although ingredients of magistrals seem to exert similar antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis (MIC; 32 mu gmL(-1)), thymol and resorcinol were observed to be more active against C. krusei (MIC., 16 mu g mL(-1)). Extracts were more pronounced against P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and S. epidermidis (MIC ranging from 16 to 32). In the mine time, the extracts showed equal antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (MIC; 16 mu g mL(-1)). In our study, antimicrobial activity of the natural compounds and ingredients of selected magistrals have found to be promising with MIC values of 16-32 mu g mL(-1). According to the results of our antimicrobial activity studies, utilization of Juniperus extracts in antimicrobial magistral formulations can be suggested

After Stroke: Guidelines Of Turkish Society Of Cerebrovascular Diseases – 2015

In this section, recommendation of recent management approaches about post-stroke complications such as sensorymotor function impairment, drops, epilepsy, depression and dementia will be offered