19 research outputs found
UÄinak dodatka kondenziranih tanina putem obroka od mjeÅ”avine liÅ”Äa Ficus infectoria i Psidium guajava na antioksidacijski status eritrocita, imunosni odgovor i želuÄano-crijevne obliÄe u janjadi (Ovis aries)
This experimental study was carried out to assess the effect of condensed tannins (CT) through a leaf meal mixture of Ficus infectoria and Psidium guajava, on erythrocytic antioxidant status, immune response and gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs. Twenty-four non-descript lambs were randomly divided into four groups, consisting of six lambs in each, in a completely randomized block design, and randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments: CT-0, CT-1, CT-1.5 and CT-2 containing 0, 1, 1.5 and 2.0 percent CT, respectively. The erythrocytic antioxidant status was monitored in all lambs at 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 days of feeding, however, humoral and cell mediated immune responses were determined at the end of the feeding trial. Hemoglobin was found to be highest (P<0.05) in CT-1.5 followed by CT-1, CT-2 and CT-0, respectively. CT supplementation significantly (P<0.05) improved the antioxidant status, as indicated by increased levels of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, total thiol and protein bound thiol group and decreased lipid peroxidase in the lambs. Supplementation of CT significantly (P<0.05) improved the cell mediated immune response in lambs. The fecal egg counts (FEC) in lambs were significantly (P<0.01) higher in the control group (CT-0), followed by CT-1, CT-1.5 and CT-2. The pooled fecal cultures of the lambs revealed that the majority of the infective larvae were from Haemonchus contortus. The FEC in the control was significantly higher (P<0.05) throughout the study period compared to the CT-1.5 and CT-2 groups. It may be concluded that dietary supplementation of CT (1-2%) through LMM improved the erythrocytic antioxidant status and immune response, and reduced FEC in lambs.Istraživanje je provedeno u svrhu procjene uÄinka kondenziranih tanina (KT), dodanih putem obroka od mjeÅ”avine liÅ”Äa Ficus infectoria i Psidium guajava, na antioksidacijski status eritrocita, imunosni odgovor i želuÄano-crijevne obliÄe u janjadi. Dvadeset i Äetiri janjeta sluÄajnim su odabirom bila razvrstana u Äetiri skupine po Å”est janjadi u svakoj skupini. Randomiziranim kompletnim blok-dizajnom i nasumiÄnim pridjeljivanjem formirane su Äetiri skupine s razliÄitim udjelom KT u obroku: skupina KT-0 (0% KT), skupina KT-1 (1%), skupina KT-1,5 (1,5%) i skupina KT-2 (2%). Kod sve janjadi praÄen je antioksidacijski status eritrocita 0., 45., 90., 135. i 180. dan hranidbe, a na kraju istraživanja odreÄen je humoralni i staniÄni imunosni odgovor. NajviÅ”a razina (P<0,05) haemoglobina utvrÄena je u skupini KT-1,5 nakon koje su slijedile skupine KT-1, KT-2 i KT-0. Dodani je KT signifikantno (P<0,05) poboljÅ”ao antioksidacijski status janjadi Å”to su pokazale poviÅ”ene razine glutation-peroksidaze, katalaze, zatim redukcija razine glutationa, glutation-S-transferaze, superoksid-dismutaze, ukupnog tiola i protein vezane tiol skupine kao i sniženje razine lipidne peroksidaze. Dodavanje KT signifikantno je (P<0,05) poboljÅ”alo staniÄni imunosni odgovor janjadi. Broj jaja u fecesu bio je signifikantno (P<0,01) viÅ”i u kontrolnoj skupini (KT-0) janjadi nakon koje su slijedile skupine KT-1, KT-1,5 i KT-2. Skupne kulture iz fecesa janjadi pokazale su da veÄina invazivnih larvi pripada vrsti Haemonchus contortus. Broj jaja u fecesu kontrolne skupine janjadi bio je tijekom cijeloga istraživanog razdoblja signifikantno poviÅ”en (P<0,05) u odnosu na skupine KT-1,5 i KT-2. Može se zakljuÄiti da je dodavanjem mjeÅ”avine liÅ”Äa s 1 ā 2% KT u obroku kod janjadi poboljÅ”an antioksidacijski status eritrocita i imunosni odgovor te smanjen broj prazitskih jajaÅ”aca u fecesu
Antioxidant status, metabolic profile and immune response of lambs supplemented with tannin rich Ficus infectoria leaf meal
To study the effect of supplementation of tanniferous tree leaves Ficus infectoria on antioxidant status and immune response, twenty four lambs were randomly divided into four groups of six each in a completely randomized design and fed either a conventional supplement (CON) or experimental supplements (FILM-I, FILM-II and FILM-III) containing 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% condensed tannins (CT), respectively by replacement of wheat bran of supplement CON with Ficus infectoria leaf meal (FILM). Blood biochemical profile was monitored in all lambs at 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 days of feeding. Although haemato-biochemical parameters remained similar, there was significant (p < 0.05) improvement in catalase activity, total thiol and protein thiol groups with reduction in lipid peroxidation (LPO) in lambs fed FILM diet irrespective of levels. However, intracellular status of reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase activity was improved (p < 0.05) only in FILM-II and FILM-III supplemented lambs. The cell-mediated immune response was significantly (p < 0.05) improved in all the lambs fed FILM supplemented diets. Improved antioxidant status and immunity in FILM supplemented lambs increased voluntary feed intake irrespective of level. However, the average daily gain for a period of 180 d showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase by the supplementation of FILM-II diet containing 1.5% CT. The present study reveals that the supplementation of Ficus infectoria leaf meal up to 21.2% in the concentrate mixture could improve the antioxidant status and immunity in lambs. However, as feed efficiency was reduced at higher levels due to presence of CT, 15.9% supplementation containing 1.5% condensed tannins in concentrate mixture is suggested to improve the health and production performance of lambs
Apparent and True Digestibility of Amino Acids of Meat Cum Bone Meal and Fish Meal in Caecectomized Roosters
The apparent and true amino acid digestibilities of silver fish meal and meat cum bone meal were determined using adult caecectomized roosters. Each test ingredient was offered to six caecectomized and six intact cockerels individually. The apparent digestibilities of indispensable amino acids of fish meal, with the exception of methionine and threonine were significantly higher in caecectomized than in intact birds. Whereas the apparent digestibilities of methionine, cystine, threonine, valine and serine of meat cum bone meal were higher in intact birds in comparison to their caecectomized counterparts. The true digestibilities of all the amino acids of fish meal were similar between caecectomized and intact birds. In contrary, except arginine and phenylalanine, all the essential amino acids of meat cum bone meal had higher digestibility in intact as compared to caecectomized cockerels. The intact cockerels underestimated the apparent amino acid digestibilities of fish meal, while overestimated that of meat cum bone meal. When true amino acid digestibility was taken into account, no significant difference was observed for fish meal between caecectomized and intact cockerels. On the other hand, the intact cockerels overestimated the digestibility of meat cum bone meal. These results suggested that the amino acid digestibility values of meat cum bone meal and fish meal determined using caecectomized cockerels might be appropriate and reliable for poultry diet formulations based on apparent digestible values. It also suggests that when the poultry diets are formulated on the basis of true digestibility values, the digestibility data of meat cum bone meal generated from caecectomized birds and that of fish meal generated either from caecectomized or intact cockerels can be effectively applied
Antioxidant status, metabolic profile and immune response of lambs supplemented with tannin rich Ficus infectoria leaf meal
Effect of dietary mannanoligosaccharide supplementation on nutrient digestibility, hindgut fermentation, immune response and antioxidant indices in dogs
Abstract Background Use of prebiotics in companion animal nutrition is often considered advantageous over probiotics because of the ease of handling, ability to withstand processing and storage etc. While most of the studies on prebiotic use in dogs have been done with processed food as basal diet, the response in relation to homemade diet feeding is not very well explored. Methods The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on nutrient digestibility, hindgut fermentation, immune response and antioxidant indices in dogs. Ten Spitz pups were divided into two groups: control (CON) with no supplementation, and experimental (MOS) wherein the basal diet was supplemented with MOS at 15Ā g/kg diet. All dogs were fed on a home-prepared diet for a period of 150Ā days. The study protocol included a digestion trial, periodic blood collection and analysis for lipid profile and erythrocytic antioxidants. Immune response of the animals was assessed towards the end of the feeding period. Results Results revealed no significant (PĀ >Ā 0.05) variations in palatability score, intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients between the groups. Faecal score, faeces voided, faecal pH, concentrations of ammonia, lactate and short-chain fatty acids were comparable (PĀ >Ā 0.05) between the two groups. Cell-mediated immune response, assessed as delayed-type of hypersensitivity response, was significantly higher (PĀ Ā 0.05) in both the groups. Supplementation of MOS lowered (PĀ Ā 0.05) between the two groups. Conclusions The results indicated that supplementation of MOS at the rate of 15Ā g/kg in the diet of dog augmented the cell-mediated immune response and serum lipid profile without any influences on digestibility of nutrients, hindgut fermentation and antioxidants indices
Biological fixed film
Literature published during the year 2013 regarding the use of biofilms and bioreactors to treat water and wastewater is reviewed herein. The review is organized into the following sections: biofilm formation and factors that impact biofilm formation; extracellular polymeric substance and its ertraction from biofilms; biofilm consortia and quorum sensing; biofilm imaging techniques; biofilm carriers and biofilm reactors.</p