KEBIASAAN MAKAN IKAN ILI (HOMALOPTERA SP.) DI SUNGAI PESTAK KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH

Penelitian tentang kebiasaan makan ikan Ili (Homaloptera sp.) di sungai Pestak Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Benih Ikan (BBI) Lukup Badak, Kabupaten Aceh Tengah, pada bulan Juni sampai Juli 2014. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makanan ikan Ili (Homaloptera sp.) dengan parameter yang dikaji anatomi saluran pencernaan, indeks bagian terbesar (Index of Preponderance), luas relung makanan, hubungan panjang-berat, dan faktor kondisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Sapuan yang dilakukan sebanyak 3 ulangan. Ikan Ili yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 60 ekor (ikan jantan 30 ekor dan ikan betina 30 ekor) dengan nilai kisaran panjang total ikan Ili jantan 4.66-7.57 cm dan panjang ikan Ili betina 5-9.7 cm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, makanan utama ikan Ili adalah detritus dengan makanan pelengkap serangga, hasil analisis terhadap makanan dan pengamatan terhadap struktur anatomi alat pencernaan menunjukkan bahwa ikan Ili merupakan ikan omnivora. Nilai tumpang tindih relung makanan berkisar antara jantan 1.78 dan betina 2.10, nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa luas relung makanan ikan Ili tergolong sempit dan ikan ini merupakan ikan yang memiliki selektivitas dalam mengkomsumsi makanan.Kata kunci : Ikan Ili, kebiasaan makan, omnivor

Shark and ray monitoring on the marine critical habitat in Aceh Province

Aceh is the leading province in Indonesia, where the marine protection area for juvenile sharks and rays was first established, precisely in Aceh Jaya waters. Rigaih is the fishing port located closest to Aceh Jaya waters, where the angler fish closely with the marine protected area and even intersect with the juvenile’s habitat. This study aimed to examine shark and ray catches in Aceh Jaya before and after establishing the marine protection area. We conducted landing monitoring from 2017 to 2019 (before establishing a conservation area) and monitored in 2020 when the conservation area was established. We recorded that 73% of sharks and ray caught on set gill net. The composition of sharks and rays landed at PPI Rigaih consisted of Sphyrna lewini (75%, n=1783), Chiloscyllium punctatum (8%), Neotrygon caeruleopunctata (7%, n =175), and other species (10%). This study aimed to provide scientific recommendations to support shark conservation action in Aceh Jaya Waters. We found that Aceh Jaya waters are an important area for the life stages of several threatened species, including Scalloped Hammerhead Sharks (S.lewini) and Bottlenose Wedgefish (R.australiae) that are listed in Critically Endangered and listed in Appendix II CITES. Management to support the conservation action needs to be strengthened not only limited to Marine Protected Areas but also fisheries management to reduce the incidental catch of threatened sharks and ray species. Further studies need to be conducted to delineate the habitat range of threatened shark and ray species and identify fishing behaviours that pose a risk for incidental catches of sharks and rays

A socio-psychological approach for understanding and managing bycatch in small-scale fisheries

Fisheries bycatch is the greatest threat to migratory, long-lived marine animals. Managing bycatch can be particularly problematic in small-scale mixed-species fisheries, where perceptions of target and non-target vary widely, and all catches have economic or subsistence value. Such fisheries are ubiquitous throughout the world’s oceans, and represent a cross-disciplinary challenge for biodiversity, food security and livelihoods. We offer a novel approach for addressing this challenge, drawing on well-established theories from behavioural and social sciences. We first typify bycatch as a spectrum rather than a clearly delineated component of catch, where the position of a species on this spectrum depends on fishers’ beliefs regarding the outcomes of bycatch-relevant behaviour. We then outline an approach to diagnose the underlying socio-psychological drivers of bycatch, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Finally, we illustrate the approach using an empirical case study, exploring fishers’ beliefs regarding bycatch-relevant behaviour for three endangered species in a small-scale gill net fishery in Indonesia. We show how a socio-psychological approach can help to identify conflicts and synergies between bycatch mitigation and fishers’ beliefs, thus informing more effective and socially-just interventions for marine megafauna conservation. We emphasize the need to understand human dimensions of bycatch, especially in SSFs, where technical fixes alone will be insufficient to change behaviour. Rather, interdisciplinary approaches are needed to align fishers’ needs with conservation objectives. Our spectrum and approach could be widely applied for disentangling drivers of bycatch in other SSFs, and designing interventions which support effective and equitable marine conservation