Rebellion Terror Felt by South Angola Whites

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Muslim Modernities: Interdisciplinary Insights Across Time and Space

Modernity announced itself in the singular, as a Western European monopoly. From the beginning, however, scholars disagreed about what modernity consisted of: science, capitalism, division of labor, rationalization, reflexivity, or global dominance. What they shared was the consensus that these characteristics were associated with the West and not with other societies

Recovering the History of Modernist Islam

In 1903, Duncan Black Macdonald (1863-1943), a prominent early scholar of Islam in the United States, wrote that Islam does not allow constitutionalism because the caliph 'cannot set up beside himself a constitutional assembly and give it rights against himself. He is the successor of Muhammad and must rule, within [divine] limitations, as an absolute monarch.' Yet within a few years of that statement, some of the leading scholars of the Islamic world were arguing exactly the contrary. Muhammad ' Abduh (Egypt, 1849-1905) - the highest-ranking religious official in Egypt - wrote privately in 1904 that he supported a parliamentary democracy. In 1908, Mehmed Cemaleddin Efendi (Turkey, 1848-1917) - the chief religious authority of the Ottoman Empire, appointed directly by the caliph - said that he too supported constitutionalism. Also in 1908, two senior scholars of Shi'i Islam telegraphed their support at a crucial moment in Iran's Constitutional Revolution: 'We would like to know if it would be possible to execute Islamic provisions without a constitutional regime!

The Challenge and Promise of Using Community Policing Strategies to Prevent Violent Extremism: A Call for Community Partnerships with Law Enforcement to Enhance Public Safety

More than four years ago, the White House issued a national strategy calling for the development of partnerships between police and communities to counter violent extremism. This report contains the results of a comprehensive assessment of the challenges and promise of this strategic approach to preventing violent extremism. It is based on a nationwide survey of law enforcement agencies and hundreds of hours of interviews and site visits with police departments and community members around the country. Based on this research, we reached two fundamental conclusions. First, policing agencies face multiple obstacles to creating community partnerships focused on preventing acts of violent extremism. But, second, some policing agencies are following a set of promising practices which, if applied effectively, can result in increasing trust between the police and the communities they serve. These trusting relationships can serve as a platform for addressing many public safety threats, including, but not limited to, violent extremism

Older adults and computer technology : the role of conventional manuals, multimedia, and the effects of practice

With the continuing absorption of computers into everyday life, it becomes important to determine the most effective methods for teaching older adults to use computers as well as the extent to which their ease of learning is affected by individual differences in ability and aptitude. In this study 48 older computer-naive women aged 51 to 78 years (M = 65.8, SD = 6.0) were trained in word processing using either a written, self-paced manual only (Text; N = 24) or the manual plus multimedia demonstrations (Multimedia; N = 24). In both conditions participants learned how to perform a task and then executed it on the computer. Individuals in the Text condition received two learning trials on the computer per command learned. Individuals in the Multimedia condition viewed and heard a demonstration of the steps required to complete the command and then received one learning trial. Following training the participants completed a quiz, and then repeated each command 10 times during the practice phase of each day's session. Half the individuals in each training condition were assigned to the Variable Practice condition in which they alternated between two methods to complete the practice items, while the other half were assigned to the Consistent Practice condition and used only a single method throughout the practice phase. On the final study day, participants completed exercises which integrated all they had learned, and additional exercises that measured the extent to which training on this word processing program could be transferred to a similar (near-transfer) program. Neither type of training nor the type of practice had any effect on performance on any measure of word processing acquisition. As individuals practiced, their accuracy increased, while the number of errors, time required to complete the commands, and requests for help decreased. Path analyses examined the effects on performance of exogenous variables including age, education, factors based on cognitive abilities (memory, language, speed, visuospatial, and manual control), and attitudes towards computers. The discussion focuses on the implications of the findings for training older adults learning to use a word processor

Liberal Islam Not a Contradiction in Terms

Many Westerners, and many Muslims, consider ‘Liberal Islam’ to be a contradiction in terms. This is not the case. The term ‘liberal’ has negative connotations in much of the Islamic world, in part because of the hypocrisy of its introduction to the region by colonialists and imperialists who flouted the liberalism they touted. Yet the Islamic world is witnessing a thriving movement of Muslim thinkers who address ‘liberal’ concerns such as democracy, the separation of Church and State, the rights of women, the rights of minorities, freedom of thought, and the idea of human progress - hardly the only concerns that might be labeled ‘liberal’, but bedrock themes in the liberal tradition

Scholarly attention and the limited internationalization of US social science

What parts of the world does American social science consider worthy of scholarly attention? Analyzing the geographic focus of more than 2 million bibliographic records of journal articles, books, and dissertations, the study finds a weak trend toward internationalization of US social-scientific attention over the past half-century. Moreover, the share of scholarly attention devoted to particular regions has remained surprisingly stable over this period, with Western Europe remaining the primary focus of internationally-oriented work. Shifts in US national security priorities, international trade, student demand, and demographic characteristics account for only a small portion of the variation in the rate of social-scientific publications on world regions, lending credibility to the view that scholarly attention is shaped in large part by inertia that is built into academic institutions and cultures