Optimization of extraction procedure and determination by high performance liquid chromatography of flavonols and phenolic acids from Hypericum Perforatum L.

Hypericum perforatum is a medicinal plant which has been known in traditional medicine as an antiinflammatory and healing agent. Nowadays the use of Hypericum extracts is concerned mainly with antidepressive applications. In the present work, HPLC – RP- C18 column chromatography with photodiode array detection was applied for the determination of the derivatives of cinnamic and benzoic acid (e.g., caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, sinapic, gallic acids) (Fig.1.) and flavonols - quercetine derivatives (quercetine, rhamnetine, quercitrin, mirycetine, keampferol and rutin) in Hypericum Perforatum. Phenolic compounds were extracted from the sample matrix with ethanol and ethanolwater mixture in different ratios solvent (3:7; 8:2; v/v) at 30°C and 60°C in water-bath shaker and by ultrasonic extraction and then analyzed before and after acid and basic hydrolysis. The total amount of studied flavonols and phenolic acids were compared with the total flavonoids content (TFC) and with total polyphenols content (TPC). UV-Vis spectrometry was used to investigate methods for qualitative and quantitative determination of these compounds

The influence of pH and selected cations on the spectrofluorometric determination of oxytetracycline hydrochloride

The spectrofluorometric method for the oxytetracycline hydrochloride in pure and in veterinary products Tetrox and Oxymed 50 determination is described. The influence of pH solution and presence selected cations on fluorescence intensity were studied too. It was ascertained that the highest fluorescence intensity take place at pH=9. Moreover, the quenching of fluorescence intensity was observed at presence Ca2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ in contrast to Mg2+ which caused increasing of intensity. The obtained recovery (97.23±0.12% for Tetrox and 95.21±0.10% for Oxymed 50) values meet the European Pharmacopoeia requirement. Moreover, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was below 0.23% confirmed high precise of the method. The statistical test (t-Student and F-Snedecor) used for comparison spectrofluorometric and chromatographic methods pointed that they are comparable in respect of precision but not of accuracy

Physical Properties and Release Profiles of Chitosan Mixture Films Containing Salicin, Glycerin and Hyaluronic Acid

Chitosan (CS) has gained considerable attention due to its distinctive properties and its broad spectrum of potential applications, spanning cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical uses. In this study, we characterized thin films comprising chitosan mixtures containing salicin (SAL) and glycerin (GLY), both with and without hyaluronic acid (HA) as active ingredients. Characterization was achieved through release studies of SAL, infrared spectroscopy, microscopy techniques (AFM and SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). CS/GLY/SAL and CS/GLY/SAL/HA mixture films were fabricated using the solvent evaporation technique. We probed interactions between the components in the chitosan mixtures via infrared analysis. The concentration of released salicin was monitored at various time intervals in a phosphate buffer (PBS) at pH 5.5 using HPLC. The linear regression analysis for the calibration graph showed a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9996) in the working concentration range of 5–205 mg/dm3. Notably, the release of SAL reached its peak after 20 min. Furthermore, the introduction of HA caused changes in the films’ morphology, but their roughness remained largely unchanged. The results obtained were compared, indicating that the release of SAL in the CS mixture films is sufficient for diverse applications, including wound-healing materials and cosmetic beauty masks

Physicochemical Performance of Collagen Modified by <i>Melissa officinalis</i> Extract

Collagen-based materials are widely used as adhesives in medicine and cosmetology. However, for several applications, their properties require modification. In this work, the influence of Melissa officinalis on the properties of collagen films was studied. Collagen was extracted from Silver Carp skin. Thin collagen films were prepared by solvent evaporation. The structure of films was researched using infrared spectroscopy. The surface properties of films were investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Mechanical properties were measured as well. Antioxidant activity was determined by spectrophotometric methods using DPPH free radicals, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods. Total phenolic compounds were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteau method. It was found that the addition of Melissa officinalis modified the roughness of collagen films and their mechanical properties. Moreover, the obtained material has antioxidant properties. The parameters mentioned above are very important in potential applications of collagen films containing Melissa officinalis in cosmetics

Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity and UV Radiation Protection Properties of Marigold (<i>Calendula officinalis</i>), Carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i>), Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) and Hop (<i>Humulus lupulus</i>) Extracts

Total phenolic content using Folin–Ciocalteu method, antioxidant capacity by CUPRAC method and sun protection properties were measured for four different extracts of selected plants: marigold petals, carrot roots, tomato fruits and hop cones. Three types of extracts: water, oil and water-glycolic (1:4) were studied. Assessment of sun protection properties for extracts obtained from selected plants was first done by mathematical indication method and subsequently done spectrophotometrically. In a method of mathematical indication of UV protection based on absorption spectra, four parameters were determined regarding sun protection properties at different concentrations of selected plant extracts. Absorbance generally increased with an increase of concentration of extracts, but an expected increase of particular parameters was not obtained in all samples. The water-glycolic extract from hop cones was characterized by the highest content of phenolic compounds (among all studied samples) and high antioxidant activity. It also showed high radiation protection. Data for four parameters like UVA/UVB parameter, UVA1/UV parameter, SUI parameter and critical wavelength was generated, and the three first parameters were the highest for water and water-glycolic extracts of marigold. Among all plants, hop cones were characterized by the highest SPF for all types of extracts. SPF values increased with the concentration of extracts, but an increase of the weight of dried plants used to prepared extracts did not influence sun protection factor

Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity and UV Radiation Protection Properties of Marigold (Calendula officinalis), Carrot (Daucus&nbsp;carota), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Hop (Humulus lupulus) Extracts

Total phenolic content using Folin&ndash;Ciocalteu method, antioxidant capacity by CUPRAC method and sun protection properties were measured for four different extracts of selected plants: marigold petals, carrot roots, tomato fruits and hop cones. Three types of extracts: water, oil and water-glycolic (1:4) were studied. Assessment of sun protection properties for extracts obtained from selected plants was first done by mathematical indication method and subsequently done spectrophotometrically. In a method of mathematical indication of UV protection based on absorption spectra, four parameters were determined regarding sun protection properties at different concentrations of selected plant extracts. Absorbance generally increased with an increase of concentration of extracts, but an expected increase of particular parameters was not obtained in all samples. The water-glycolic extract from hop cones was characterized by the highest content of phenolic compounds (among all studied samples) and high antioxidant activity. It also showed high radiation protection. Data for four parameters like UVA/UVB parameter, UVA1/UV parameter, SUI parameter and critical wavelength was generated, and the three first parameters were the highest for water and water-glycolic extracts of marigold. Among all plants, hop cones were characterized by the highest SPF for all types of extracts. SPF values increased with the concentration of extracts, but an increase of the weight of dried plants used to prepared extracts did not influence sun protection factor

The Selection of the Best Derivatization Reagents for the Determination of Polyamines in Home-Made Wine Samples

The procedures of putrescine, spermine, spermidine, and cadaverine derivatization using 2-chloro-1,3-dinitro-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzene, 1-fluoro-2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene, and 3,5-bis-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isothiocyanate for chromatographic determination in home-made wine samples are compared in the present study. The procedures discussed were compared regarding simplicity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. The polyamines derivatives were isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography and 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The obtained structures of aliphatic amines showed that all amino groups, four in spermine, two in putrescine and cadaverine, and three in spermidine, regardless of the applied reagent, were substituted. The applicability of the described procedures was tested during the chromatographic analysis of the compounds’ content in home-made wines. For this purpose, a simple and environmentally friendly sample preparation procedure was developed. The obtained results present the derivatization of polyamines with 1-fluoro-2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene as a better choice for the determination of these compounds in food samples

Simple and Effective Derivatization of Amino Acids with 1-Fluoro-2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene in a Microwave Reactor for Determination of Free Amino Acids in Kombucha Beverages

Kombucha is a fermentation product of sweetened tea with a symbiotic culture of acetic acid and yeast bacteria, consumed worldwide for its health-promoting properties. Few reports can be found about free amino acids among the health-promoting compounds found and determined in kombucha. These compounds influence the sensory properties of kombucha, and they are precursors of bioactive compounds, which have a significant role as neurotransmitters and are involved in biological functions. The presented studies proposed a convenient, simple, and “more green” procedure of the synthesis of amino acid derivatives, assisted by microwave energy, followed by chromatographic determination. The structure of 1-Fluoro-2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene was used as a suitable reagent for the derivatization of free amino acids in fermented kombucha beverages prepared from selected dry fruit such as Crataegus L., Morus alba L., Sorbus aucuparia L., Berberis vulgaris L., Rosa canina L., and black tea. The obtained results were discussed regarding the tested beverages’ application as a source of amino acids in one’s daily diet. The obtained results point out that the proposed microwave-assisted derivatization procedure prior to HPLC analyses allows for a significant time reduction and the limitation of using organic reagents