The Role of Flagship Firms, External Actors and Support Institutions in the Emergence of Successful Export Activities in Brazil: Two Industrial Cluster Studies

This paper examines the process by which firms in a cluster start to export based on systemic interactions and the process of diffusion of exporting as a business strategy within the cluster. Two Brazilian manufacturing industries are studied, and within each one a geographic cluster was identified as the origin of dynamic export growth. Players in each industrial cluster, as well as other significant players, were interviewed or identified using secondary sources, and extensive secondary data research was undertaken to study clusters’ historical development. Detailed analysis and a comparison of the two experiences made it possible to draw some general conclusions concerning the similarities and differences between the two clusters in terms of the adoption and diffusion of exporting.Cluster, Exports, Innovation, Brazil

The Fisheries Proposals: An Assessment

Several major proposals for the regulation or division of the international fisheries were made at the Law of the Sea Conference at Caracas, Venezuela in 1974. Law is typically evolved through controversy with many inherent limitations and costs. There will not be, in fact cannot be, an optimal body of law for the utilization of the sea. What can be hoped for, though, is a corpus juris that will be responsive to natural and societal limitations and demands. It is chiefly with this criterion in mind that the following assessment has been made of some of the fisheries proposals