Management of regional training systems

Introduction. Over recent years, the issues of building regional systems of human recourses development have been actively discussed in expert community. These issues are perpetually on the agenda of the Russian Federation territories (regions), despite the fact that the projects of various organisations at the federal level have been already finished or are close to completing. The projects are designed to stimulate industrial growth due to workforce recruitment of manufacturing sector by highly qualified specialists. In a number of territories (for example, the Perm Territory, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Belgorod and Tambov Regions, etc.), there are successful practices of managing the personnel training system required by regional economics. However, systemic approaches at the level of the whole country have not been developed yet. The authors of the present publication consider that the unsatisfactory socio-economic efficiency of vocational education is substantially caused by insufficient quality of its management.The aims of this article were the following: to report on the outcomes of comparative-analytical research on the content of regional development programmes of vocational education and the strategy of social and economic development of regions of the Russian Federation and to formulate proposals for the improvement of such programmes as a management tool, which provides quick response to changes of personnel needs in regions and reduction in deficit of skilled workers.Methodology and research methods. In the course of the research, the methods of the criterial and comparative analysis, goal-setting, formalisation and interpretation of results were applied. The authors conducted content analysis and necessity and sufficiency analysis of the documents and materials, which are in open access on the Internet. Programme-based and project-based approaches and mechanisms were considered as methodological base of management of the regional systems of personnel training.Results and scientific novelty. The criteria and indicators of efficiency assessment of regional development programmes of vocational education were presented and justified. The common faults and contradictions of implementation of these programmes, which are specific not only for “typical regions”, but also for some “leading regions”, were revealed and described. It is noted that, at the qualitative and quantitative level, the existing programmes cannot systemically satisfy the needs of the manufacturing sphere for the qualified experts capable to master and implement advanced technologies. The comprehensive solution to this problem demands correction and advancement of administrative activity in two rather autonomous directions – taking measures to improvement of the principles of design of the discussed programmes and their orientation to use modern approaches to the development of vocational education.Practical significance. The authors’ conclusions on the structure and programme content of vocational education development, organisational conditions of their optimisation and effectiveness are addressed to the supreme executive authorities and education governing bodies in different constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Labour Education and Vocational Training in Germany: A Brief Historical Review

Introduction. A historical overview is often quite useful in search for answers to some pressing issues. Learning from others can also help to cope with separate current problems. One of such problems encountered by modern Russian professional education is restoration and consolidation of its practice orientation through selection of an appropriate content and upbringing of youth in the course of pre-employment process. A considerable variety of material in this regard has been accumulated over the last several centuries in Germany.The aim of this paper was to analyse the cause-and-effect relationships of developmental priorities in the German professional pedagogy during the 18th – early 20th centuries.Methodology and research methods. System and comparative approaches were used as main methodological tools. The leading method was a comparative retrospective analysis, which allowed the authors to compare various scientific resources. In addition, the approaches of goal-setting and formalisation of expected results were applied. The content analysis and systematisation of documents and other historical and pedagogical resources were employed. In view of information extensiveness, the selection was compiled with the principle of necessity and sufficiency, i. e. reduction of excess data when maintaining the completeness of facts for continued use.Results and scientific novelty. The stages of formation and development of labour school were identified according to the ideas of the German scientists and the educational practice accepted in Germany during the considered historical period. The main directions of training through activity were characterised: philanthropinism, manualism, professionalism and activism. The influence of social and economic conditions on formation and transformation of various educational concepts was demonstrated, which constant despite everything was a combination of fundamental and applied components of vocational training. The continuity of pedagogical theory and practice of the past in the modern system of the German professional education was shown.Practical significance. The findings obtained by the Russian-German research team can be useful when developing and implementing flexible and adaptive differentiated curricula into modern vocational education in Russia

Management of regional training systems

Introduction. Over recent years, the issues of building regional systems of human recourses development have been actively discussed in expert community. These issues are perpetually on the agenda of the Russian Federation territories (regions), despite the fact that the projects of various organisations at the federal level have been already finished or are close to completing. The projects are designed to stimulate industrial growth due to workforce recruitment of manufacturing sector by highly qualified specialists. In a number of territories (for example, the Perm Territory, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Belgorod and Tambov Regions, etc.), there are successful practices of managing the personnel training system required by regional economics. However, systemic approaches at the level of the whole country have not been developed yet. The authors of the present publication consider that the unsatisfactory socio-economic efficiency of vocational education is substantially caused by insufficient quality of its management.The aims of this article were the following: to report on the outcomes of comparative-analytical research on the content of regional development programmes of vocational education and the strategy of social and economic development of regions of the Russian Federation and to formulate proposals for the improvement of such programmes as a management tool, which provides quick response to changes of personnel needs in regions and reduction in deficit of skilled workers.Methodology and research methods. In the course of the research, the methods of the criterial and comparative analysis, goal-setting, formalisation and interpretation of results were applied. The authors conducted content analysis and necessity and sufficiency analysis of the documents and materials, which are in open access on the Internet. Programme-based and project-based approaches and mechanisms were considered as methodological base of management of the regional systems of personnel training.Results and scientific novelty. The criteria and indicators of efficiency assessment of regional development programmes of vocational education were presented and justified. The common faults and contradictions of implementation of these programmes, which are specific not only for “typical regions”, but also for some “leading regions”, were revealed and described. It is noted that, at the qualitative and quantitative level, the existing programmes cannot systemically satisfy the needs of the manufacturing sphere for the qualified experts capable to master and implement advanced technologies. The comprehensive solution to this problem demands correction and advancement of administrative activity in two rather autonomous directions – taking measures to improvement of the principles of design of the discussed programmes and their orientation to use modern approaches to the development of vocational education.Practical significance. The authors’ conclusions on the structure and programme content of vocational education development, organisational conditions of their optimisation and effectiveness are addressed to the supreme executive authorities and education governing bodies in different constituent entities of the Russian Federation.Введение. На протяжении последних лет в экспертном сообществе активно дискутировались вопросы построения региональных систем подготовки кадров. Эти вопросы не сходят с повестки дня, несмотря на то, что в некоторых субъектах Российской Федерации к настоящему времени уже завершились или близки к окончанию проекты различных организаций федерального уровня1, призванных стимулировать промышленный рост за счет пополнения кадрового состава производственного сектора высококвалифицированными специалистами. В ряде территорий (например, в Пермском крае, Республике Татарстан, Белгородской, Тамбовской областях и др.) отмечаются успешные практики обучения кадров, в которых остро нуждается региональная экономика. Однако целостных подходов к решению проблемы на уровне всей страны пока так и не сложилось. С точки зрения авторов публикации, неудовлетворительная социально-экономическая эффективность профессионального образования в значительной степени обусловлена недостаточным качеством его управления. Цели статьи – представить итоги сравнительно-аналитического исследования содержания региональных программ развития профессионального образования и стратегий социально-экономического развития субъектов Российской Федерации, а также рекомендации по совершенствованию таких программ как управленческого инструмента, обеспечивающего быстрое реагирование на изменения кадровых потребностей регионов и помогающего устранить дефицит квалифицированных работников. Методология и методы. При выполнении исследования применялись методы критериального и сопоставительного анализа, целеполагания, формализации и интерпретации результатов. Методы контент-анализа и анализа необходимости и достаточности применялись только по отношению к документам и материалам, находящимся в открытом доступе в сети Интернет. В качестве методологической базы управления региональными системами подготовки кадров рассмотрены программно-целевые и проектно-целевые подходы и механизмы. Результаты и научная новизна. Предложены и обоснованы критерии и показатели оценки продуктивности региональных программ развития профессионального образования. Выявлены и описаны общие недостатки и противоречия реализации данных программ, характерные не только для «типичных регионов», но и для некоторых «регионов-лидеров». Констатируется, что действующие программы не могут системно качественно и количественно удовлетворить потребности производственной сферы в квалифицированных специалистах, способных осваивать и внедрять передовые технологии. Комплексное решение данной проблемы требует коррекции и продвижения управленческой деятельности в двух относительно автономных направлениях – принятии мер по совершенствованию принципов проектирования обсуждаемых программ и ориентации их на использование современных подходов к развитию профессионального образования. Практическая значимость. Сделанные авторами выводы относительно структуры и содержания программ развития профессионального образования, организационных условий их оптимизации и результативности адресованы, в первую очередь, высшим органам исполнительной власти и органам управления образованием в субъектах Российской Федерации.Исследование осуществлялось в рамках темы научноисследовательской работы 29.12600.2018/12.1 «Разработка современной модели региональной системы подготовки рабочих кадров для передовых технологий», включенной в государственное задание Федерального института развития образования на 2018 год. Авторы выражают благодарность коллегам из регионов: Кемеровской, Калининградской, Московской, Тюменской областей, Республики Дагестан, Республики Северная Осетия – Алания, Санкт-Петербурга, Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа – Югры, Хабаровского и Пермского краев – за предоставленные материалы; а также лично О. Г. Кондратьевой (Иркутская область) и А. А. Бучек (Белгородская область), принявшим деятельное участие в исследовании

Labour Education and Vocational Training in Germany: A Brief Historical Review

Introduction. A historical overview is often quite useful in search for answers to some pressing issues. Learning from others can also help to cope with separate current problems. One of such problems encountered by modern Russian professional education is restoration and consolidation of its practice orientation through selection of an appropriate content and upbringing of youth in the course of pre-employment process. A considerable variety of material in this regard has been accumulated over the last several centuries in Germany. The aim of this paper was to analyse the cause-and-effect relationships of developmental priorities in the German professional pedagogy during the 18th – early 20th centuries.Methodology and research methods. System and comparative approaches were used as main methodological tools. The leading method was a comparative retrospective analysis, which allowed the authors to compare various scientific resources. In addition, the approaches of goal-setting and formalisation of expected results were applied. The content analysis and systematisation of documents and other historical and pedagogical resources were employed. In view of information extensiveness, the selection was compiled with the principle of necessity and sufficiency, i. e. reduction of excess data when maintaining the completeness of facts for continued use. Results and scientific novelty. The stages of formation and development of labour school were identified according to the ideas of the German scientists and the educational practice accepted in Germany during the considered historical period. The main directions of training through activity were characterised: philanthropinism, manualism, professionalism and activism. The influence of social and economic conditions on formation and transformation of various educational concepts was demonstrated, which constant despite everything was a combination of fundamental and applied components of vocational training. The continuity of pedagogical theory and practice of the past in the modern system of the German professional education was shown.Practical significance. The findings obtained by the Russian-German research team can be useful when developing and implementing flexible and adaptive differentiated curricula into modern vocational education in Russia.Введение. Исторический экскурс зачастую бывает весьма полезен при поиске ответов на злободневные вопросы. Изучение чужого опыта также может помочь справиться с отдельными актуальными проблемами. Одной из таких проблем, стоящих перед современным российским профессиональным образованием, является восстановление и закрепление его практикоориентированности путем отбора оптимального содержания воспитания молодежи в процессе подготовки к трудовой деятельности. Обширный материал в этом плане накоплен за несколько последних столетий в Германии. Цель статьи – выявление причинно-следственных связей смены приоритетов в процессе развития немецкой профессиональной педагогики на протяжении XVIII – начала XX в. Методология и методы. В качестве основного методологического инструментария были задействованы системный и компаративный подходы к решению исследовательских задач. Ведущим методом представленной в публикации работы был сравнительно-ретроспективный анализ, позволивший сопоставить различные научные источники информации. Кроме того, применялись методы целеполагания и формализации ожидаемых результатов; контент-анализ и систематизация документов и иной историко-педагогической информации, при отборе которой ввиду ее обширности соблюдался принцип необходимости и достаточности – сокращения избыточных сведений при сохранении полноты фактов для дальнейшего их использования. Результаты и научная новизна. Определены этапы становления и развития трудовой школы в соответствии с идеями, выдвигаемыми немецкими учеными, и образовательной практикой, принятой в Германии в рассматриваемый исторический период. Охарактеризованы основные направления обучения через деятельность: филантропизм, мануализм, профессионализм, активизм. Продемонстрировано влияние социально-экономических условий на формирование и трансформацию различных концепций воспитания и обучения, константой которых, несмотря ни на что, оставалось сочетание фундаментальной и прикладной составляющих профессиональной подготовки. Показана преемственность педагогической теории и практики с прошлым современной системы профессионального образования ФРГ. Практическая значимость. Выводы, полученные в результате предпринятого ретроспективного изыскания, осуществленного российско-германской группой исследователей, могут быть востребованы при разработке и внедрении гибких, адаптивных практикоориентированных образовательных программ в российском профессиональном образовании.Federal Institute for Development of EducationGerman Federal Institute for Vocational EducationФедеральный институт развития образованияФедеральный институт профессионального образования ФР

First data on the composition of atmospheric dust responsible for yellow snow in Northern European Russia in March 2008

The descent of a large quantity of dust responsible for bright colors of atmospheric precipitation in the temperate, subpolar, and polar zones of the northern hemisphere is rarely observed [1–5]. In the twentieth century and in the beginning of the twenty-first century in the northern part of European Russia, such events had not been registered right up to March 25–26, 2008. At that time in some parts of the Arkhangelsk region, Komi Republic, and Nenets Autonomous Area, atmospheric precipitation as moist snow and rain responsible for sand and saffron colors of ice crust formation on the snow surface was observed. Thus, due to detailed mineralogical, geochemical, pollen, diatom, and meteorological investigations, it was established that the main source of the yellow dust is the semidesert and steppe regions of the Northwest Kazakhstan, and the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions, Kalmykia