Continuity and change : Kurdish cultural institutions in the Kurdistan region of Iraq : field research results

The paper presents selected Kurdish cultural institutions in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It is based on the interviews taken by dr Joanna Bocheńska in April and May 2014 in Erbil, Duhok and Suleymaniya. The collected data are presented according to the questionnaire prepared by dr Renata Kurpiewska-Korbut as well as taking into consideration the spontaneous character of the majority of responses which helped to reveal many additional details concerning institutions’ activities and tasks. As far as Kurdish cultural institutions are concerned they are seen as the creators of modern times, its goals indicate that one of the most important questions is to uphold continuity inside the developing culture linking modern activity with past knowledge and experiences. This research is the result of cooperation between the Section of Kurdish Studies (Jagiellonian University, Kraków and The Institute of Research and Developement - Kurdistan (Kurdistan Region, Erbil)

S_NAr Isocyanide Diversification

Isocyanides are important building blocks in organic synthesis; however, their synthesis is time and resource consuming and often unpleasant due to their smelly nature. Diversification of isocyanides can be accomplished by de novo synthesis or from already existing isocyanides. In this work, we report for the first-time isocyanide diversification based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution of suitable precursor isocyanides. The mild conditions allow for easy access to multiple novel isocyanides useful in organic synthesis. The resulting isocyanides are solid and non-noxious, yet react nicely in multicomponent reactions

Highly Stereoselective Ugi/Pictet-Spengler Sequence

Discovering novel synthetic routes for rigid nitrogen-containing polyheterocycles using sustainable, atom-economical, and efficient (= short) synthetic pathways is of high interest in organic chemistry. Here, we describe an operationally simple and short synthesis of the privileged scaffold dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-dione from readily accessible starting materials. The alkaloid-type polycyclic scaffold with potential bioactivity was achieved by a multicomponent reaction (MCR)-based protocol via a Ugi four-component reaction and Pictet-Spengler sequence under different conditions, yielding a diverse library of products

Author Correction: The isocyanide SN2 reaction

In this article the author name Katarzyna Kurpiewska was incorrectly written as Katarzyna Kurpiewsk. The original article has been corrected.</p

Ammonia-promoted one-pot tetrazolopiperidinone synthesis by Ugi reaction

Ammonia in the tetrazole Ugi variation together with α-amino acid methyl ester-derived isocyanides provides tetrazolopiperidinones in good to high yields in one pot. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated by performing >70 reactions. The scaffold is useful to fill high-throughput screening decks and in structure-based drug design

Amenamevir by Ugi-4CR

We report a concise, convenient and sustainable synthesis of the approved anti-herpes zoster drug, Amenamevir. Based on the Ugi-4CR, our approach can access Amenamevir by a simple, rapid and one-pot synthesis. Compared to other reported syntheses, ours is more sustainable, shorter, and higher yielding. The X-ray crystal structures of key intermediate 3-(4-isocyanophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole 4 and Amenamevir are reported for the first time. Computational retrosynthesis of Amenamevir using four popular freeware could recapitulate the described multi-step approaches but disappointingly did not propose our one-pot synthesis

Correction: Amenamevir by Ugi-4CR

The authors regret that there was an inaccuracy present in the affiliation information for one of the authors, Alexander Dömling, in the original manuscript. The work was performed at the Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ([email protected]) before the transition of Alexander Dömling to their current institution, CATRIN, Innovative Chemistry Group, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic ([email protected]). The corrected list of author information and affiliations for this article is as shown here. The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.</p

Synthesis of Tunable Fluorescent Imidazole-Fused Heterocycle Dimers

A short, concise, and one-pot synthesis of imidazo-fused heterocycle dimers with tunable fluorescent properties has been developed. By the first time use of glyoxal dimethyl acetal in the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé (GBB) three-component reaction (3CR), the innovation features a new series of fluorescence-tunable imidazo-fused heterocycle dimers exhibiting a broad substrate scope with good yields. Luminescence studies demonstrate that these GBB-dimers possess color-tunable properties, and their emission colors can be successively changed from blue to green and yellow by easy substituent control

Dziedzictwo kulturowe jako element promocji międzynarodowej i polityki rozwojowej Turcji

Cultural heritage as an element of international promotion and development policy of TurkeyFor more than two decades now the protection of cultural heritage has been gaining in importance, becoming a global phenomenon and an important part of development strategies of countries, regions and cities. In general, the idea of development under the banner of culture and cultural legacy, usually occurring with the participation and promotion of the tourism sector, constitutes a component of comprehensive planning policies of many decision-making centers in the world, among others, Ankara. Turkey, which has an extremely rich and diverse cultural heritage, reflecting expressions of many cultures and civilizations, is a particularly interesting case study in this perspective. Currently, at least officially, the concept of heritage protection is interpreted by Turkish authorities as a process of revitalization and integration of entities with historical, cultural and architectural values with the economic, social and political potential as well as a matter of international diplomacy. However, the vision of benefits from new opportunities for use of cultural heritage both in large-scale development projects and foreign relations increasingly entails a number of negative effects. Failure of system implementation of legal protection of cultural resources, rapid population growth, uncontrolled urbanization, limited financial resources and different understanding or assessment of the historical and cultural environment make maintaining cultural heritage far more complex than in Europe. Similarly, taking advantage of the achievements of the Ottoman Empire to generate interest within the international community is removed from the process of building the culture and history of the whole society and recognizing its internal diversity. The future will show whether the Justice and Development Party government is interested in marking out the way for policies to promote a real protection of cultural heritage, cultural polyphony and putting it in the framework of a  democratic vision. Or whether its priority remains the creation of a good image and reap short-term benefits from the use of the Anatolian legacy

Low-coordinate erbium(III) single-molecule magnets with photochromic behavior

[Image: see text] The structures and magnetic properties of photoresponsive magnets can be controlled or fine-tuned by visible light irradiation, which makes them appealing as candidates for ternary memory devices: photochromic and photomagnetic at the same time. One of the strategies for photoresponsive magnetic systems is the use of photochromic/photoswitchable molecules coordinated to paramagnetic metal centers to indirectly influence their magnetic properties. Herein, we present two erbium(III)-based coordination systems: a trinuclear molecule {[Er(III)(BHT)(3)](3)(dtepy)(2)}(.)4C(5)H(12) (1) and a 1D coordination chain {[Er(III)(BHT)(3)(azopy)}(n)·2C(5)H(12) (2), where the bridging photochromic ligands belong to the class of diarylethenes: 1,2-bis((2-methyl-5-pyridyl)thie-3-yl)perfluorocyclopentene (dtepy) and 4,4′-azopyridine (azopy), respectively (BHT = 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate). Both compounds show slow dynamics of magnetization, typical for single-molecule magnets (SMMs) as revealed by alternating current (AC) magnetic susceptibility measurements. The trinuclear compound 1 also shows an immediate color change from yellow to dark blue in response to near-UV irradiation. Such behavior is typical for the photoisomerization of the open form of the ligand into its closed form. The color change can be reversed by exposing the closed form to visible light. The chain-like compound 2, on the other hand, does not show significant signs of the expected trans–cis photoisomerization of the azopyridine in response to UV irradiation and does not appear to show photoswitching behavior