Built environment correlates of objectively-measured sedentary behaviours in densely-populated areas

Few studies examine associations between objectively-calculated neighbourhood built environment attributes and objectively-assessed sedentary behaviour in different geographical locations, especially in highly-populated environments. Additionally, no study, to our knowledge, has investigated associations between objective measures of neighbourhood built environment attributes and objectively-assessed sedentary behaviours in middle-aged adults, despite the fact that this is a critical stage of life when age-related functional decline begins. We examined the associations between neighbourhood built environment attributes with the total, and patterns of, objectively-assessed sedentary behaviours in a densely-populated area in Asia. Data from 866 adults (ages 40 to 64) living in Japan were included. Four classifications of sedentary behaviours, including daily total sedentary time, duration and number of long (≥30 min) sedentary bouts and breaks per sedentary hour, were estimated using hip-worn accelerometers. Individual (population density, availability of destinations, number of intersections, and distance to the nearest park) and composite (walkability and Walk Score®) neighbourhood built environment indices were calculated using geographic information systems. Covariate-adjusted multilevel linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the associations between the neighbourhood built environment attributes and sedentary behaviours. Population density and availability of destinations were positively associated with sedentary behaviours; however, the number of intersections was negatively associated with sedentary behaviours. No associations were observed between the distance to the nearest park and sedentary behaviours. There were positive associations between walkability and total sedentary time, and duration and the number of long sedentary bouts. Walk Score® was positively associated with total sedentary time and the number of long sedentary bouts. These findings suggest that urban design attributes supportive of walking (except for the number of intersections) may encourage sedentary behaviour among middle-aged adults living in densely-populated environments.</p

Long-term effectiveness of HPV vaccination against HPV infection in young Japanese women : Real-world data.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank Ms. Yuka Watanabe, Ms. Sachiko Ono, Ms. Anna Ishida, and the administrator of Niigata city for their support in conducting the surveyPeer reviewedPublisher PD

Long-Term Effects of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Clinical Trials and Real-World Data : A Systematic Review

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccine against cervical precancer in Japan : Multivariate analyses adjusted for sexual activity.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank Mr Kenshin Sekine and Mr Taishin Sekine for English editing, and Ms Yuka Watanabe, Ms Sachiko Ono, Ms Anna Ishida, and administrators of Niigata, Nagaoka, Joetsu, Shibata, Sanjo, Mitsuke city for their support in conducting the survey.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Selective Sorption of Olefins by Halogen-Substituted Macrocation-Polyoxometalate Porous Ionic Crystals

Ionic crystals [Cr₃O­(OOCCH₂<i>X</i>)₆(H₂O)₃]₄[α-SiW₁₂O₄₀]·14H₂O (<i>X</i> = Cl [<b>Ia</b>], Br [<b>IIa</b>]) are synthesized by complexation of halogen-substituted macrocations with a silicododecatungstate. Compounds <b>Ia</b> and <b>IIa</b> possess analogous one-dimensional winding channels, and the channel walls are composed of oxygen atoms of silicododecatungstates and −CH₂<i>X</i> groups of macrocations. Water of crystallization in <b>Ia</b> (<b>IIa</b>) is desorbed by the treatment <i>in vacuo</i> or under a dry N₂ or He flow at 298–303 K, and the corresponding guest free phases <b>Ib</b> (<b>IIb</b>) are obtained. Propylene/propane and ethylene/ethane sorption ratios of <b>Ib</b> at 298 K and 100 kPa are 6.1 and 3.6, respectively. The ethylene/ethane sorption ratio of <b>IIb</b> at 298 K and 100 kPa is 2.8. These values are much larger than those of conventional sorbents. <i>In situ</i> ¹³C MAS NMR spectra of ethylene or ethane sorbed in <b>Ib</b> suggest that host–guest interaction for ethylene is larger than that for ethane. DFT calculation and Monte Carlo simulation are carried out to elucidate the nature of the high ethylene/ethane sorption ratios: The bridging carboxylates (−OOCCH₂<i>X</i>) are polarized by incorporation of highly electronegative halogens. Ethylene resides along the channel wall with the σ_h plane facing the channel wall, while ethane resides randomly in the channels of <b>Ib</b> and <b>IIb</b>. These results suggest that the olefin sorption is enhanced by electrostatic interaction between the π-electron of olefins and highly polarized halogen-substituted macrocations and/or silicododecatungstates

Selective Sorption of Olefins by Halogen-Substituted Macrocation-Polyoxometalate Porous Ionic Crystals

Ionic crystals [Cr₃O­(OOCCH₂<i>X</i>)₆(H₂O)₃]₄[α-SiW₁₂O₄₀]·14H₂O (<i>X</i> = Cl [<b>Ia</b>], Br [<b>IIa</b>]) are synthesized by complexation of halogen-substituted macrocations with a silicododecatungstate. Compounds <b>Ia</b> and <b>IIa</b> possess analogous one-dimensional winding channels, and the channel walls are composed of oxygen atoms of silicododecatungstates and −CH₂<i>X</i> groups of macrocations. Water of crystallization in <b>Ia</b> (<b>IIa</b>) is desorbed by the treatment <i>in vacuo</i> or under a dry N₂ or He flow at 298–303 K, and the corresponding guest free phases <b>Ib</b> (<b>IIb</b>) are obtained. Propylene/propane and ethylene/ethane sorption ratios of <b>Ib</b> at 298 K and 100 kPa are 6.1 and 3.6, respectively. The ethylene/ethane sorption ratio of <b>IIb</b> at 298 K and 100 kPa is 2.8. These values are much larger than those of conventional sorbents. <i>In situ</i> ¹³C MAS NMR spectra of ethylene or ethane sorbed in <b>Ib</b> suggest that host–guest interaction for ethylene is larger than that for ethane. DFT calculation and Monte Carlo simulation are carried out to elucidate the nature of the high ethylene/ethane sorption ratios: The bridging carboxylates (−OOCCH₂<i>X</i>) are polarized by incorporation of highly electronegative halogens. Ethylene resides along the channel wall with the σ_h plane facing the channel wall, while ethane resides randomly in the channels of <b>Ib</b> and <b>IIb</b>. These results suggest that the olefin sorption is enhanced by electrostatic interaction between the π-electron of olefins and highly polarized halogen-substituted macrocations and/or silicododecatungstates