AKURASI METODE DETEKSI CARB ACINETO NP ISOLAT DARAH MIKROBA ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII PENGHASIL KARBAPENEMASE PASIEN RAWAT INAP INTENSIF

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most emerging pathogens in the management of patient care, it can lead to infections, including bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract infection and wound infection. The ability of this microorganisms to survive in various environmental conditions and to last for a long time on the surface make these microbes cause infectious disease outbreaks and increase in endemicity infectious diseases. Purpose: This study was to determine the accuracy of Carb Acineto NP to detect the carbapenemase producing Acinetobacter baumannii using imipenem antimicrobial 6μ g/ml with phenol red as an indicator. Based on the detection of colorimetric and pH changes to hydrolyze � -lactam ring of imipenem . Method: This research is descriptive. The purpose of this research is to test Acinetobacter baumannii isolates with Carb Acineto NP test. The isolates were stored that had been in compliance with the criteria of patient from ICU, ROI, RPI, and NICU. A total sample of 39 isolates, were examined, consisted of 27 isolates carbapenem resistant, and 12 isolates carbapenem sensitive, respectively based on susceptibility test Phoenix automatic machine. Result: This positive results was found that the Carb Acineto NP test detected 35 of 39 (89.75%) changed color from red to yellow, after 2 hours incubation which was calculated from the the time of in vitro micro tube put in the incubator temperature of 370C. Phenotypic screening test with Modified Hodge Test as the gold standart the same with Hodge Test obtained only 5 isolates formed clover leaf. Carbapenem-resistant isolates developed Carb Acineto NP, 24 isolates (88,9%) are yellow, 3 isolates (11,1%) are fixed red/orange. Using McNemar test with a confidence interval 95%, Carb Acineto NP test has a sensitivity 100%, specificity 11,8%, positive predictive value 14,3%, and negative predictive value 100%. Conclusion: Carb Acineto NP method can detect carbapenemase producing Acinetobacter baumannii producing carbapenemase 35 isolates (89,75%). This metode is accurate, fast, to define carbapenemase producing Acinetobacter baumannii. Keyword:Acinetobacter baumannii, Carb Acineto NP, Intensive Care Unit, carbapenemas

Initial study on TMPRSS2 p.Val160Met genetic variant in COVID-19 patients

From Springer Nature via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2021-03-02, accepted 2021-05-04, registration 2021-05-05, pub-electronic 2021-05-17, online 2021-05-17, collection 2021-12Publication status: PublishedFunder: Universitas Airlangga; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008463; Grant(s): Mandate Reserach Grant COVID-19Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health problem that causes millions of deaths worldwide. The clinical manifestation of COVID-19 widely varies from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia and systemic inflammatory disease. It is thought that host genetic variability may affect the host’s response to the virus infection and thus cause severity of the disease. The SARS-CoV-2 virus requires interaction with its receptor complex in the host cells before infection. The transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) has been identified as one of the key molecules involved in SARS-CoV-2 virus receptor binding and cell invasion. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the correlation between a genetic variant within the human TMPRSS2 gene and COVID-19 severity and viral load. Results: We genotyped 95 patients with COVID-19 hospitalised in Dr Soetomo General Hospital and Indrapura Field Hospital (Surabaya, Indonesia) for the TMPRSS2 p.Val160Met polymorphism. Polymorphism was detected using a TaqMan assay. We then analysed the association between the presence of the genetic variant and disease severity and viral load. We did not observe any correlation between the presence of TMPRSS2 genetic variant and the severity of the disease. However, we identified a significant association between the p.Val160Met polymorphism and the SARS-CoV-2 viral load, as estimated by the Ct value of the diagnostic nucleic acid amplification test. Furthermore, we observed a trend of association between the presence of the C allele and the mortality rate in patients with severe COVID-19. Conclusion: Our data indicate a possible association between TMPRSS2 p.Val160Met polymorphism and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and the outcome of COVID-19

Ceftolozane/Tazobactam In-Vitro Activity against Clinical Isolates from Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infection Patients in Three Indonesian Referral Hospitals

Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) lead to high morbidity and mortality, especially if poorly managed. However, Indonesia’s microbial pattern and susceptibility data are limited, especially for new antibiotics. Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is reported to be a new potent antibiotic against various pathogens. Thus, we aim to investigate C/T in vitro activity against clinical isolates from cIAI patients. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in three major referral hospitals in Indonesia, including Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (Jakarta), Dr. Kariadi Hospital (Semarang), and Dr. Soetomo Hospital (Surabaya), enrolling those diagnosed with cIAIs. Blood specimens were collected before or after at least 72 h of the last antibiotic administration. Meanwhile, tissue biopsy/aspirate specimens were collected intraoperatively. These specimens were cultured, followed by a susceptibility test for specific pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isolates was determined according to CLSI M100. Two-hundred-and-eighty-four patients were enrolled from 2019–2021. Blood culture was dominated by Gram-positive bacteria (GPB, n = 25, 52.1%), whereas abdominal tissue culture was dominated by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB, n = 268, 79.5%). The three most common organisms were GNB, including E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa. C/T was susceptible in 96.7%, 70.2%, and 94.1% of the E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. In addition, C/T also remained active against ESBL Enterobacterales and carbapenem-non-susceptible P. aeruginosa. Overall, C/T demonstrates a high potency against GNB isolates and can be considered an agent for carbapenem-sparing strategy for cIAI patients as the susceptibility is proven