Global market of sexual nature services. Case for Ukraine

The global market of sexual nature services has an impact on the sustainable development pace, covering various spheres of public activity. We understand it as a set of relationships the purpose of which is to meet the needs of a sexual nature on a paid basis. The development of a global market of sexual nature services determines the vector and dynamics of the functioning of national markets. The article is devoted to the research of the market of sexual nature services of Ukraine. Methods of generalization and expert evaluations were used in the research process; for collecting information survey method was used. The article deals with the structuring of the market of sexual nature services of Ukraine with the allocation of markets: prostitution and sex tourism, pornography, trafficking in human beings for the purpose of sexual exploitation. The quantitative indicators and features of the components of the market of sexual nature services functioning are analyzed. The thesis is based on the further rapid development of the market of sexual nature services and its components in Ukraine. It is indicated by the low efficiency of state regulation of the market of sexual nature services in Ukraine. The negative consequences of the ineffective regulation of the market of sexual nature services, which include the reduction of opportunities for protecting the rights and freedoms for persons involved in prostitution work, pornography and other areas, are presented. &nbsp

Features of financing NATO's armed forces

The aim of the article is to investigate the peculiarities of financing NATO's armed forces. The following methods were used in the study process: comparative analysis method, correlation analysis, content analysis. The current state of defense financing in the world and in NATO countries has been clarified. Sources of funding for civilian and military budgets and NATO security investment programs are highlighted. The civilian budget covers staff costs, operational costs, capital expenditures and expenses for the International Secretariat's programs at NATO Headquarters. The military budget covers the costs of operating and maintaining the structure of NATO military management bodies. The procedure for the payment of direct and indirect contributions to NATO content by the Allies is disclosed. The tasks of the bodies responsible for financial control over the formation and use of NATO finances are described: the North Atlantic Council, the Resource Policy and Planning Council, the Budget Committee, the Investment Committee, the NATO Independent International Audit Board. Shares of financing of civilian and military budgets, as well as NATO programs by NATO member countries, the ratio of defense expenditures to GDP in NATO countries, the share of capital expenditures in the structure of defense expenditures of NATO countries are analyzed. The volumes and structure of defense financing expenditures in Ukraine are compared with NATO countries. It is revealed that during 2014-2018 Ukraine significantly increased the amount of defense financing, at the same time the share of capital expenditures in the structure of defense spending in Ukraine remains insignificant. It is proposed to increase the share of expenditures on military investments and innovations, purchase of armaments and military equipment, construction of military facilities and, at the same time, limit the share of current expenditures on the maintenance of the armed forces

Formation of the Information Economy: organizational and financial aspects

The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that the modern process of globalization of the world economy has increased the importance of information in the process of social development. Information is a dominant factor in the competitiveness of national economies. The purpose of the study is to analyze the organizational and financial aspects of the formation of a global information economy. During the writing of the article, the following methods were used: generalization, comparative analysis and statistical analysis. The authors identify the main preconditions for the formation of the information economy: the technical and technological ability to implement projects; the readiness of the society for the changes that result from the functioning of the information economy. It is noted that information technologies are a catalyst for improving existing money market technologies, have created prerequisites for the distribution of FinTech 4.0, and the emergence of new inherently digital assets. The data of countries ranking in accordance with the degree of technical and technological ability to function within the framework of information economy is generalized. The main problems and obstacles of formation of elements of the information economy in Ukraine are established

Cyber insurance: the current situation and prospects of development

The aim of the article is to analyze current trends in the development of cyber insurance. The following methods of scientific research were used in the preparation of the article: generalization, correlation analysis, comparative analysis. The authors analyze in detail the main trends in the spread of cybercrime. The correlation analysis between the number of registered cybercrimes in a particular country and its GDP, the number of business entities, indicated the lack of correlation between the studied indicators. It states that the most common types of cybercrime are: hacking, unauthorized access, accidental exposure, insider and physical theft. The sectoral analysis of the distribution of cybercrime has revealed a decrease in the share of financial companies while increasing the share of health care companies. It is noted that cyber insurance is one of the effective preventive measures that minimize the negative effects of cybercrime intervention. The article presents segmentation of the cyber insurance market by geography and size of insurance companies. The results of the analysis showed the dominance of US companies in the cyber insurance market. It is stated that the sectoral distribution of cybersecurity policy purchasers in general follows the trends of the sectoral distribution of cybercrime. The volume of cyber insurance, expenses of insured legal entities is analyzed. The main trends in the development of cyber insurance have been identified. The factors that hold back the development of cyber risk insurance have been identified. The main ones include the following: high level of information entropy in the process of cyber risk assessment, lack of a single standard for filling insurance services in the field of cyber insurance. It is noted that in the medium term the cyber insurance market is prospective for insurance companies. This is caused by the increasing scale of cyber threats and the costs associated with cyberattacks

Functionality and Quality Management of Transformation of Capital Forms at an Enterprise

In the article, using the methods of functional systems theory we analyzed the characteristics of the social and institutional venture capital, their unity and distinctions were proved. Presented is the possibility of using the recommendations of the Commission by J. Stiglitz on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress at the enterprise level. The necessary communications to ensure the transformation of social capital into organizational were determined. We formed a principal scheme of the mechanism of forming the efficiency of enterprise activity, taking into account organizational capital. The principles of emergency of organizational capital efficiency as the degree of influence on the quantitative and qualitative results of the company's activities were presented

The Business Environment of Georgia and Ukraine: Approaches to a Comparative Analysis

The formation of a favourable business environment and the intensification of entrepreneurial activity on this basis is one of the priorities of economic policy of governments around the world. The aim of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of some of the characteristics of the business environment of Georgia and Ukraine. The theoretical basis of the study is the understanding of the business environment as a necessary prerequisite for the implementation of entrepreneurial initiatives in a particular country. In the process of our research, the following methods were used: comparative analysis, generalisation, content analysis, correlation, and regression analysis. The authors studied the business environment of Georgia and Ukraine on the basis of an analysis of the following components; that of general economic, political and legal, financial, and fiscal. The results of the study show that Georgia’s business environment is more favourable than Ukraine's. It is noted that between 2011-2020, Georgia made significant progress in the fi ght against corruption, in simplifying the procedures for starting a business, and bettering access to finance. Both countries are reforming their tax systems towards liberalisation and democratisation, and they declare the functioning of special tax regimes. According to the Paying Taxes indicator, which is culated within the Doing Business rating, Georgia improved its result from 61st position in the ranking in 2011 to 14th position in 2020, while Ukraine improved its result from 181st place in 2011 to 65th place in 2020. It is indicated that between 2011-2020, Ukraine showed significant positive dynamics in inflation targeting. The authors note that the weakest elements of the business environment in Ukraine are its efforts to ensure the independence of the judiciary and the fi ght against corruption. In conclusion, the authors note that the policy of the governments of Georgia and Ukraine should be aimed at the further democratisation of relations with businesses in order to increase the level of a favourable business environment

Сучасні тенденції розвитку підприємств малого бізнесу у сільському господарстві України

Purpose of the research. The aim of the article is to analyze the activities of small agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and identify the main obstacles to their development. Methodology. The following methods were used in the research process: generalization and comparative analysis. The authors used sources of statistical information and analytical reviews. The list of them is given in the list of references. Results. The article analyzes the main indicators that characterize the efficiency of small business in Ukraine. The role of small enterprises in the economy of developed countries is studied. It is noted that the impact of small business performance on gross domestic product (GDP) dynamics is different and depends on many factors – both historical and other, related, for example, to the structure of the economy, the culture of entrepreneurship. It is indicated that with the independence of our country, small business has developed rapidly, its share in the total number of businesses has grown. The main indicators that characterize the activity of small enterprises in agriculture of Ukraine are analyzed. The results of the study show a positive trend towards increasing the profitability of small businesses operating in agriculture in Ukraine. Practical meaning. The main obstacles to the development of small business in Ukraine have been identified. These include: low efficiency of legal regulation of economic relations, high levels of corruption and raiding. The authors notes that the acceleration of positive trends in small business development is possible provided that the level of favorable business environment in Ukraine is increased. Prospects for further research may be a mechanism for reconciling the interests of the subjects of the process of small business social responsibility.Мета дослідження. Метою статті є аналіз діяльності малих сільськогосподарських підприємств в Україні та ідентифікація основних перешкод їх розвитку. Методологія. У процесі дослідження використано наступні методи: узагальнення та компаративного аналізу. Авторами використано джерела статистичної інформації та аналітичних оглядів, перелік яких наведено у списку літератури. Результати. У статті проаналізовано основні показники, які характеризують ефективність функціонування малого бізнесу в Україні. Досліджено роль малих підприємств в економіці розвинених країн. Зазначається, що вплив результатів діяльності підприємств малого бізнесу на динаміку валового внутрішнього продукту (ВВП) є різний й залежить від багатьох чинників – як історичних, так й інших, пов’язаних, наприклад, із структурою економіки, культурою підприємництва. Вказується, що із здобуттям незалежності нашою країною, малий бізнес стрімко розвивався, зростала його частка у загальній кількості суб’єктів господарювання. Проаналізовано основні показники, які характеризують діяльність малих підприємств у сільському господарстві України. Результати дослідження засвідчують позитивну тенденцію до зростання прибутковості підприємств малого бізнесу, які функціонують у сільському господарстві в Україні. Практичне значення. Ідентифіковано основні перешкоди розвитку малого бізнесу в Україні. До них віднесено: низька ефективність нормативно-правового регулювання господарських відносин, високий рівень корупції та рейдерство. Авторами зазначено, що прискорення позитивних тенденцій розвитку малого бізнесу є можливим за умови підвищення рівня сприятливості підприємницького середовища в Україні. Перспективами подальших досліджень можуть стати дослідження механізму узгодження інтересів суб’єктів процесу соціальної відповідальності малого бізнесу

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPHERE OF HIGHER EDUCATION: ORGANIZATIONAL AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS

Urgency of the research. The 21st century is an era of radical transformations of social and, in particular, economic relations. Their driving force is knowledge. The creation of new knowledge occurs as a result of the exchange of information between the subjects of this process. Educational institutions, in particular higher education ones, are an important element of the system of production and transfer of new knowledge. Target setting. Qualitative characteristics of the function-ing of higher education significantly depend on the degree of effectiveness of the management system, which includes organizational and financial components. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The issues of improving the functioning of the sphere of higher education are considered in scientific works of scientists as S. Slaughter, P. Temple, J.B.G. Tilak. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The problem of organizational and financial prerequisites formation for the development of the domestic sphere of higher educa-tion needs some additional research. The research objective. The purpose of the article is to analyze the functioning of the sphere of higher education in Ukraine and to formulate proposals for improving its organiza-tional and financial support. The statement of basic materials. The present situation in the system of higher education of Ukraine in the context of student contingent indicators, funding volumes is analyzed. The proposals, which implementation is aimed at improving the financial condition of higher education institutions and creating the prerequisites for increasing student contingent are substantiated. Conclusions. The development of the domestic sphere of higher education is one of the priorities of national economic policy. Formation of favorable conditions for the functioning of the sphere of higher education of Ukraine will provide financial, social and reputational effects

ФОРМУВАННЯ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНОГО МЕХАНІЗМУ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ РИБНОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА

Within the article, directions on solving the matter of improving the organizational mechanism of the aquaculture regulation as a promising sector of the national economy based on the regulatory and administrative method of regulation are offered. For successful implementation of aquaculture production, it is proposed to amend the Law of Ukraine "On Aquaculture" No. 5293-VI of September 18, 2012. Proposals for the development of a draft program for the aquaculture sector development, taking into consideration effective mechanisms for regulating the fisheries growth, are submitted. Results of regulatory measures are presented, while at the same time in-depth elaboration of the current legislation and amendments to it is carried out, which will contribute to the development of fisheries on a European basis, responsible, environmentally friendly and human. The matter of the reporting improving for the industry and the collection and use of reliable data is resolved.Определены преимущества реализации бенчмаркинга для отечественных предприятий в контексте обеспечения их конкурентоспособности. В статье отмечается, что отечественные товаропроизводители фактически не используют метод бенчмаркинга в процессе управления. Однако, потенциал данного метода для трансформации аграрного производства является значительным, в частности укрепление своей конкурентной позиции, достижения повышения степени удовлетворенности покупателей и их лояльности. Определены приоритетные направления развития аграрного бенчмаркинга в Украине с целью повышения эффективности и конкурентоспособности аграрных предприятий. Сделаны выводы, что внедрение бенчмаркинга в работу сельскохозяйственных предприятий является важным с точки зрения формирования и стратегических ориентиров развития таких субъектов хозяйствования. Использование данной технологии дает возможность получить значительное количество преимуществ. Также ее широкое использование производителями аграрной продукции в целом позволяет получить системные эффекты популяризации применения бенчмаркинга.У статті запропоновано напрями вирішення питання удосконалення організаційного механізму регулювання аквакультури як перспективного сектору національної економіки на основі нормативно-адміністративного методу регулювання. Для успішного здійснення аквакультурного виробництва запропоновано внести доповнення до Закону України «Про аквакультуру» від 18.09.2012 № 5293-VI. Внесено пропозиції до розроблення проекту Державної про-грами розвитку аквакультури з урахуванням дієвих механізмів регулювання розвитку рибного господарства. Викладено результати заходів регулювання при одночасному поглибленому опрацюванні чинного законодавства та внесення до нього змін, які сприятимуть розвитку рибного господарства на європейських засадах, відповідальної, дружньої до довкілля та людини. Вирішено питання щодо удосконалення формування звітності в галузі та збирання достовірних даних і їх використання

ЕКОЛОГІЧНА СКЛАДОВА РОЗВИТКУ СУСПІЛЬСТВА В ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ТЕОРІЯХ ВІДТВОРЕННЯ

Urgency of the research covers the necessity of taking into account economic theories regarding reproduction in order to improve the natural resource use process in Ukraine. Target setting. Taking into account the factors that influence the implementation of natural resources use principles, achieving the goals of ecopolicy and forming the constant development of the society. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. There are issues of scholars both in the field of ecology and economics devoted to solving the problems of taking into account the ecological factor in economic theories of reproduction and construction of a system of rational use of nature. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The study of the ecological component in the reproduction process and the activities regarding keeping natural resource potential. The research objective. To find out ontognosiological grounds of reflecting the ecological component in the development of social and production relations in the economic theories of reproduction and to determine the economic laws in the process regarding reproduction of natural resources potential of the country. The statement of basic materials. Nowadays the reproduction of natural resources use potential in the country as a part of the general process of using natural resources is major at the present stage of development of social, ecological and economic relations that exist in the system of “nature – material production – society”. Solving the problem of decreasing negative sides of the system mentioned above is to analyse the peculiarities of production, consumption and organizing the system of rational natural resources use in Ukraine. Conclusions. Different economic theories prove the fact that society exists in the social, ecological and economic system created by people. These theories are fundamental for the development of the natural resources use economy, promote forming a biological sphere consciousness and awareness of life value not only for a human being but for other beings and for everything created by nature.Актуальність теми дослідження полягає у необхідності врахування економічних теорій відтворення для вдосконалення процесу природокористування в Україні. Постановка проблеми. Врахування чинників, які впливають на реалізацію принципів природокористування, досягнення завдань екополітики та формування сталого розвитку суспільства. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Розв’язанню проблем врахування екологічного чинника в економічних теоріях відтворення та побудові системи раціонального природокористування. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Вивчення екологічної складової у відтворювальному процесі й діяльності зі збереження природоресурсного потенціалу. Постановка завдання. З'ясувати онтогносеологічні засади відображення екологічної складової розвитку суспільно-виробничих відносин в економічних теоріях відтворення та визначити дію економічних законів у процесі відтворення природоресурсного потенціалу країни. Виклад основного матеріалу. На сьогодні відтворення природоресурсного потенціалу країни як частини загального процесу природокористування є головним на даному етапі розвитку соціо-еколого-економічних відносин, які склалися в системі «природа – матеріальне виробництво – суспільство». Вирішення проблеми зменшення негативних проявів дії зазначеної системи полягає в аналізі особливостей виробицтва, споживання та організації системи раціонального природокористування в Україні. Висновки. Різні економічні теорії доводять, що суспільство існує в соціо-еколого-економічній системі, що створена людством. Ці теорії є фундаментальними для розвитку економіки природокористування, сприяють формуванню у людства біосферної свідомості та усвідомлення цінності життя не тільки людини, але й інших істот та всього, що створено природою