Jigar sirrozining dolzarb muammolari

Jigar inson tanasining eng muhim organlaridan biri bo’lib, qonni toksinlardan tozalashni ta’minlaydi. Bu organ ovqat hazm qilish tizimida, uglevodlar, lipidlar va oqsillar almashinuvida ham faol ishtirok etadi. Jigarning har qanday noto’g’ri ishlashi butun organizmga va bemorning hayot faoliyatiga salbiy ta’sir ko’rsatishi ajablanarli emas. Jigar sirrozi jiddiy kasallik bo’lib, buning natijasida jigar to’qimalari biriktiruvchi to’qima bilan almashinadi va organ o’z vazifasini bajarishni to’xtatadi. Jigar sirrozi surunkali progressivlanuvchi kasallik bo’lib, inson hayoti uchun xavfli oqibatlarga olib kelishi mumkin. Jigar sirrozi surunkali jigar kasalliklarining keng doiradagi yakuniy gistologik bosqichidir: gepatotsitlar va jigarda himoya mexanizmlarining shikastlanishi regeneratsiya va fibrozga olib keladi. 2020 yilda The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology jurnali 1990 yildan 2017 yilgacha 195 ta mamlakatda sirrozning epidemiologik ko’rsatkichlarini o’rganishga bag’ishlangan fundamental ishini nashr etdi. Shuningdek, u patologiyaning chastotasida aniq geografik tebranishlarni qayd etdi. Osiyo-Tinch okeani mintaqasi, Markaziy Lotin Amerikasi, Markaziy va Sharqiy Evropa aholisi orasida kompensatsiyalangan sirroz bilan kasallanish Shimoliy Amerika, Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyo va Avstraliyaga qaraganda 5-6 baravar yuqori ekanligi aniqlandi. Xuddi shu hududlarda dekompensatsiyalangan sirroz bilan kasallanish maksimal darajada bo’lgan. Aksariyat hududlarda erkaklarda kompensatsiyalangan va dekompensatsiyalangan sirroz bilan kasallanish ayollarnikiga qaraganda yuqori bo’lgan. Jigar sirrozi turli xil etiologiyali gepatitlarning uzoq muddatli faol kechisining natijasi hisoblanadi, shuning uchun turli mamlakatlarda jigar kasalliklarining chastotasi qiziqish uyg’otadi. Amerika Qo’shma Shtatlarida 2012 yildan 2016 yilgacha bo’lgan davrlarda surunkali jigar kasalligi bilan kasallangan 1,016,743 kishining kasalxonaga yotqizilishi tekshirilgan katta tadqiqot o’tkazildi. Bu davrda har 100 ming aholiga kasalxonaga yotqizish chastotasi 3056 dan 3757 nafarga, bemorlarni davolash uchun sarflangan moliyaviy xarajatlar 14,9 milliard AQSH dollaridan 18,8 milliardga oshgan.Bemorlarning oʻrtacha yoshi 2012-yilda 56,8 yosh, 2016-yilda 57,8 yoshni tashkil etgan. yillar

Problems of liver cirrhosis

The liver is one of the most important organs of the human body, which ensures the purification of blood from toxins. This organ is also actively involved in the digestive system, in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. It is not surprising that any malfunction of the liver has a negative impact on the whole organism and the life of the patient. Cirrhosis of the liver is a serious disease, as a result of which liver tissue is replaced by connective tissue, and the organ stops performing its function. Cirrhosis of the liver is a chronic progressive disease that can lead to life-threatening consequences. Liver cirrhosis is the final histological stage of a wide range of chronic liver diseases: damage to hepatocytes and protective mechanisms in the liver leads to regeneration and fibrosis. In 2020, The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology published a seminal study of the epidemiological indicators of cirrhosis in 195 countries from 1990 to 2017. He also noted clear geographical fluctuations in the frequency of the pathology. Among the population of the Asia-Pacific region, Central Latin America, and Central and Eastern Europe, the incidence of compensated cirrhosis was found to be 5-6 times higher than in North America, Southeast Asia, and Australia. The incidence of decompensated cirrhosis was highest in the same areas. In most regions, the incidence of compensated and decompensated cirrhosis was higher in men than in women. Cirrhosis of the liver is the result of long-term active hepatitis of various etiologies, so the frequency of liver diseases in different countries is of interest. A large study of 1,016,743 hospitalizations for chronic liver disease in the United States between 2012 and 2016 was conducted. During this period, the frequency of hospitalizations per 100,000 population increased from 3,056 to 3,757, and the financial costs for treating patients increased from 14.9 billion US dollars to 18.8 billion. The average age of patients was 56.8 years in 2012, and 57.8 years in 2016. organized

Hilbert fazosidagi chiziqli operatorlar va o’z-o’ziga qo’shma operatorlar spektri haqida

Ushbu maqolada Hilbert fazosidagi chiziqli operatorlar va qo’shma operatorlarning spektri haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Mavzuni to’liq yoritish uchun ta’rif, teoremalar va bir qator misollar yechib ko’rsatilgan

Bir Fridrixs model operatorining muhim spektrdan tashqaridagi xos qiymatlari soni va joylashgan o’rni

Ushbu maqolada zarrachalar ta’sir energiyalari  va kvaziimpuls k ning (k), k operator yagona yoki ikkita xos qiymatga bo‘ladigan qiymatlari ajratib ko‘rsatilgan, (k), k d=1,2 operatorning ikkinchi xos qiymati mavjudligi paydo qiluvchi va yo‘qotuvchi operatorlarga bog‘liqligi o‘rganilgan, xos qiymatlar (k), i=1,2 larning joylashish o’rni parametrlarga bog‘liq o‘rganilgan

Higher education quality management: student quality management projects

The importance of this article is dictated by the necessity to adopt the Europian standard of higher education including the module system into the frame of Uzbekistan university network. The author gives a brief review of the development of the quality concept and appoaches, which have been made to integrate it into the higher education management. The article draws the new scheme of the individual work of student management seen as part of the general management process

Анализ состояния разработки петриковской залежи Ново-Березинского месторождения нефти

Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende är ett växande samhällsproblem. Genom att skada sig själv försöker individen hantera svåra våldsamma känslor som ett sätt att överleva. Självskadehandlingen blir en copingstrategi. Det kan vara svårt för sjuksköterskor att förstå och se den inre smärtan. Okunskap bland sjuksköterskor leder till frustration och ilska. Genom sitt bemötande kan sjuksköterskor öppna vägen till tillfrisknande för den drabbade eller tvärtom framkalla rädsla och misstro och på det sättet försvåra återhämtningen. Det är av betydelse att förstå sjuksköterskors syn på patienter med självdestruktivt beteende för att kunna se bristerna i kommunikationen och vilka förbättringar som kan göras. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att bemöta patienter med självskadebeteende. Metod: I litteraturstudien har vi analyserat och granskat 9 kvalitativa artiklar. Sökningar har gjorts i PubMed och Ebsco och en manuell sökning har varit aktuell. Resultat: Författarna har kommit fram till ett resultat som beskriver sjuksköterskans känslomässiga upplevelser, hur sjuksköterskorna kämpar med att upprätthålla gränserna mellan närhet och distans. Behov av debriefing och strategier samt behov av kunskap. Slutsats: Att vårda patienter med självskadebeteende skapar frustration, vanmakt och ilska hos sjuksköterskorna samtidigt som man vill ge stöd, hjälp och en förutsättning för återhämtning och tillfrisknande

Préface

Les migrations recouvrent une variété de situations très diverses qui néanmoins partagent une certaine universalité dans l’espace et le temps. Jusqu’en 1991, année qui marque la dislocation de l’Union soviétique, les mobilités s’effectuaient dans un cadre historique et administratif spécifique à l’urss étant donné l’absence de frontières politiques entre les républiques soviétiques. Une situation totalement nouvelle est apparue après 1991 imposant de mettre en place une législation, des colla..

Совершенствование законодательной и нормативно-правовой базы, как главное решение в совершенствовании организации контроля таможенной стоимости

Статья посвящена необходимым условиям обеспечения эффективной работы системы налогообложения: установление четкого порядка исчисления базы налогообложения, т.е. определения перечня основных элементов (структуры) этой исходной базы и правил их определения; введение необходимых контрольных механизмов, позволяющих государству контролировать соблюдение установленных правил.The article is devoted to the necessary conditions for ensuring the effective operation of the tax system: the establishment of a clear procedure for calculating the tax base, i.e. determination of the list of basic elements (structure) of this initial base and the rules for their determination; introduction of the necessary control mechanisms allowing the state to monitor compliance with the established rules