Anthropological methods of formation of university students’ spiritual and moral culture

© 2016 Kurbanov et al.The relevance of the study is reasoned by the increasing complexity of life activity in modern society, which results in distortion of the moral and value criteria and norms. The purpose of the article is to reveal anthropological methods of formation of university students’ spiritual and moral culture. The leading approach to the study is the anthropological approach allowing us to consider the spiritual and moral culture as an evolving set of moral and valuable position and special knowledge. The study involves 300 teachers, 500 students who have identified performance criteria of methods of formation of spiritual and moral culture. The main results of the study are to identify knowledge, motivation, activity-related methods of formation of spiritual and moral culture to ensure the inclusion in the content of education of teaching material about value relations, mandatory forms of culture; conjugation of ethical and professional standards of behavior on the basis of a single criterion of “ethical - unethical” development of students’ capacity for moral target setting. The significance of these results is that the identified methods involve the willingness of teachers to dialogue, respect and understanding of students, building a living knowledge in the course of joint creative activities directed to sense and life creation; determine the development of civil harmony on the spiritual and moral values

Значение пуринового обмена при бронхиальной астме

The work presents results of examination of 60 bronchial asthma (BA) patients. The uric acid (UA) blood concentration and its daily excretion were defined using the Zeyfirt-Muller method; lung function was tested using the "Spiroscop" device (Hungary). The researches revealed a close correlation between blood concentrations of the urinary acid and bronchial airflow rate; while the bronchial size reducing the correlation increased. This dependence allows to suppose a metabolic mechanism of BA development. Advantages of modified (low -purine diet and herbal mixture "Bronchodil") therapy were also noted in comparison with the typical basic therapy of BA. So, based on these data the purine metabolism is thought to have a pathogenic role in BA occurrence.В работе приводятся результаты обследования 60 больных бронхиальной астмой (БА). Содержание мочевой кислоты (МК) в крови и ее суточная экскреция определялись по методу Зейферта-Мюллера, а с помощью аппарата ''Spiroscop '' (Венгрия) определялись показатели функции внешнего дыхания. Исследованиям и была установлена тесная взаимосвязь содержания мочевой кислоты в крови с проходимостью бронхов различных калибров, т. е. с уменьшением калибра бронхов степень взаимосвязи возрастает. Установленная зависимость позволяет предполагать метаболический механизм развития эндогенной БА. Также установлено преимуществом одифицированной (гипопуриновая диета и фитосмесь "Бронходил") терапии по сравнению с базисной

Prediction of clinical course in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease after coronary bypass surgery

Aim. To determine the incidence, predictors and develop a model for long-term risk stratification of ischemic events in patients with coronary artery disease after coronary bypass surgery.Material and methods. This retrospective study of the clinical course in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease (CAD) after coronary endarterectomy and bypass grafting surgery. A total of 232 patients were included, while long-term outcomes were assessed in 202 patients. Among them, complete data on clinical status were obtained from survivors (n=191). The median follow-up was 60 (interquartile range, 42; 74) months, while the minimum follow-up — 12 months, the maximum was 96 months. The primary composite endpoint reflecting the unfavorable course of CAD included coronary ischemic events (recurrent angina, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization), while secondary endpoint — allcause mortality. The factors influencing the development of primary and secondary endpoints were studied.Results. An unfavorable CAD course was diagnosed in 39 patients (20,4%), while 11 deaths were recorded (5,4%). Univariate analysis demonstrated a significant role of prior myocardial infarction in the increase in mortality rate (p=0,029). Among the factors influencing the CAD course, no significant differences were obtained for any of them. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify a high-risk group for an unfavorable course of diffuse CAD. Independent predictors were identified, the most significant contribution of which was made by multifocal atherosclerosis (odds ratio (OR)=1,99, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0,93-4,21, p=0,072), low adherence to secondary prevention measures (OR=2,21, 95% CI, 0,86-6,89, p=0,128) and diabetes (OR=1,73, 95% CI, 0,79-3,72, p=0,162). Using the results obtained, a prognostic model with high specificity (64%) and moderate sensitivity (53%) was created.Conclusion. The highest probability of an unfavorable long-term course of diffuse CAD was noted in patients with diabetes, multifocal atherosclerosis, and low adherence to secondary prevention measures. The obtained results make it possible to identify a high-risk group in this cohort of patients, determine the reserve of secondary prevention measures and a direction of actions to improve outcomes

Novel SMAC-mimetics synergistically stimulate melanoma cell death in combination with TRAIL and Bortezomib

BACKGROUND: XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) is an anti-apoptotic protein exerting its activity by binding and suppressing caspases. As XIAP is overexpressed in several tumours, in which it apparently contributes to chemoresistance, and because its activity in vivo is antagonised by second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC)/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI, small molecules mimicking SMAC (so called SMAC-mimetics) can potentially overcome tumour resistance by promoting apoptosis. METHODS: Three homodimeric compounds were synthesised tethering a monomeric SMAC-mimetic with different linkers and their affinity binding for the baculoviral inhibitor repeats domains of XIAP measured by fluorescent polarisation assay. The apoptotic activity of these molecules, alone or in combination with tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and/or Bortezomib, was tested in melanoma cell lines by MTT viability assays and western blot analysis of activated caspases. RESULTS: We show that in melanoma cell lines, which are typically resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, XIAP knock-down sensitises cells to TRAIL treatment in vitro, also favouring the accumulation of cleaved caspase-8. We also describe a new series of 4-substituted azabicyclo[5.3.0] alkane monomeric and dimeric SMAC-mimetics that target various members of the IAP family and powerfully synergise at submicromolar concentrations with TRAIL in inducing cell death. Finally, we show that the simultaneous administration of newly developed SMAC-mimetics with Bortezomib potently triggers apoptosis in a melanoma cell line resistant to the combined effect of SMAC-mimetics and TRAIL. CONCLUSION: Hence, the newly developed SMAC-mimetics effectively synergise with TRAIL and Bortezomib in inducing cell death. These findings warrant further preclinical studies in vivo to verify the anticancer effectiveness of the combination of these agents

Гематологические показатели крупного рогатого скота при паразитарных дерматитах

The purpose of the research is study of the animal's body clinical status and changes in hematological parameters before and after treatment against sarcoptoidosis of cattle. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on bull calves and heifers aged 6–10 months, medium finish, of 100–120 kg of body weight. The test animals were divided into three groups: two test groups and one control group of 15 animals each. Before the experiment and at 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment with acaricides, scrapings from the affected skin and blood were taken from animals of all groups for research. The first test group animals were treated with ivermectin subcutaneously at a dose of 5 ml per animal, and the second test group was treated with cydectin subcutaneously at a dose of 5 ml per animal. The control animals were not treated. Results and discussion. The conducted hematological studies found a decrease in erythrocytes and hemoglobin in sarcoptoidosis, which indicated a decrease in oxygen supply to the body, and, consequently, organs and tissues. The white blood cell differential was observed to have a noticeable decrease in monocytes and lymphocytes.Цель исследований: изучение клинического статуса организма животного, изменений гематологических показателей до применения и после лечения при саркоптоидозах крупного рогатого скота.Материалы и методы. Опыт проводили на бычках и телочках в возрасте 6–10 мес., средней упитанности, живой массой 100–120 кг. Подопытных животных разделили на три группы: две опытные и одну контрольную по 15 голов в каждой. До опыта и через 7, 14 и 21 сут после обработки акарицидными препаратами у животных всех групп брали соскобы с пораженных участков кожного покрова и кровь для исследования. Животные первой опытной группы были обработаны ивермектином подкожно в область предплечья в дозе из расчета 5 мл на животное, а второй опытной группы – цидектином подкожно в дозе из расчета 5 мл на животное в область предплечья. Животных контрольной группы не обрабатывали. Результаты и обсуждение. В процессе проведенных гематологических исследований было установлено снижение количества эритроцитов и гемоглобина при саркоптоидозах, что свидетельствовало о снижении поступления кислорода в организм, а, следовательно, и в органы и ткани. В лейкоцитарной формуле наблюдали заметное снижение числа моноцитов и лимфоцитов

Electronic properties and phase transitions in low-dimensional semiconductors

We present the first review of the current state of the literature on electronic properties and phase transitions in TlX and TlMX2 (M = Ga, In; X = Se, S, Te) compounds. These chalcogenides belong to a family of the low-dimensional semiconductors possessing chain or layered structure. They are of significant interest because of their highly anisotropic properties, semi- and photoconductivity, non-linear effects in their I-V characteristics (including a region of negative differential resistance), switching and memory effects, second harmonic optical generation, relaxor behavior and potential applications for optoelectronic devices. We review the crystal structure of TlX and TlMX2 compounds, their transport properties under ambient conditions, experimental and theoretical studies of the electronic structure, transport properties and semiconductor-metal phase transitions under high pressure, and sequences of temperature-induced structural phase transitions with intermediate incommensurate states. Electronic nature of the ferroelectric phase transitions in the above-mentioned compounds, as well as relaxor behavior, nanodomains and possible occurrence of quantum dots in doped and irradiated crystals is discussed.Comment: 70 pages, 38 figure

Possibilities of rehabilitation after interruption of undeveloped pregnancy: complex impact of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation and peloidotherapy on the state of cytokine status

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined effect of ultrasonic cavitation irrigation of the uterine cavity and peloid dyspnea with hyposulfitic mud on the change in the level of proinflammatory cytokines in women after the interruption of an undeveloped pregnancy. 80 women were included in the study after the interruption of an undeveloped pregnancy in a period of up to 12 weeks. In the complex of therapy, the patients underwent cavitation ultrasonic irrigation of the uterine cavity with 0.05% chlorhexidine solution in combination with the rectal administration of mud tampons and applications to the "panties" zone. Using the method of ultrasonic cavitation irrigation of the uterine cavity in combination with peloidotherapy in women with regressing pregnancy leads to a decrease in the level of primary mediators of the inflammatory response.In the group using only standard therapy, no significant reduction was observed.Целью исследования явилось оценить эффективность комплексного воздействия ультразвукового кавитационного орошения полости матки и пелоидотерпапии гипосульфитными грязями на изменение уровня провоспалительных цитокинов у женщин после прерывания неразвивающейся беременности. В исследование включены 80 женщин после прерывания неразвивающейся беременности в сроке до 12 недель. В комплексе терапии пациенткам проводилось кавитационное ультразвуковое орошение полости матки 0,05 % раствором хлоргексидина посредством аппарата Фотек серии ак100 в сочетании с ректальным введением грязевых тампонов и аппликаций на зону «трусиков». Использование метода ультразвукового кавитационного орошения полости матки в комбинации с пелоидетерапией у женщин после прерывания регрессирующей беременности приводит к достоверному снижению уровня первичных медиаторов воспалительного ответа. В группе с использованием только стандартной терапии значительного снижения не наблюдалось

Hepatitis B virus genotypes/subgenotypes in voluntary blood donors in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype appears to show varying geographic distribution. Molecular epidemiological study of HBV in particular areas in Indonesia is still limited. This study was aimed to identify the prevalence of HBV genotype/subgenotype and mutations in basal core promoter (BCP) region in voluntary blood donors in Makassar, one of the biggest cities in east part of Indonesia.</p> <p>A total of 214 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive samples were enrolled in this study. HBV genotype/subgenotype was identified by genotype-specific PCR method or direct sequencing of pre-S region. Mutations in BCP were identified by direct sequencing of the corresponding region.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>HBV/B and HBV/C were detected in 61.21% and 25.23% of the samples, while mix of HBV/B and HBV/C was found in 12.62% of the samples. Based on pre-S region, among HBV/B and HBV/C, HBV/B3 (95.00%) and HBV/C1 (58.82%) were predominant. Interestingly, HBV/D was identified in two samples (22.165.07 and 22.252.07). Complete genome sequences of two HBV/D strains (22.165.07 and 22.252.07) demonstrated that both strains belong to HBV/D6, and the divergence between the two strains were 1.45%, while divergences of both 22.165.07 and 22.252.07 strains with reference strain (<ext-link ext-link-id="AM422939" ext-link-type="gen">AM422939</ext-link>/France) were 2.67%. A1762T/G1764A mutation was observed in 1.96% and 5.36%, whereas T1753V mutation was found in 2.94% and 1.79% of HBV/B and HBV/C, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>HBV/B and HBV/C are dominant in Makassar, similar to most areas in Indonesia. Mutations in BCP which might be associated with severity of liver disease are less common.</p

Комплексное применение методов лучевой диагностики у пациентки с множественной миеломой (клиническое наблюдение)

The article presents the possibilities of the complex application of methods of radiation diagnostics: bone x-ray, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography using fluorodeoxyglucose labeled with 18-fluorine (PET/CT with 18F-FDG) in a patient with multiple myeloma, which was treated in the amount of high-dose therapy with autologous transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. The diagnosis was established immunohistochemically. The use of these methods allowed us to dynamically assess the pathological changes characteristic of multiple myeloma.В статье представлены возможности комплексного применения методов лучевой диагностики: рентгенографии костей, двухэнергетической рентгеновской абсорбциометрии (ДРА), компьютерной томографии (КТ), позитронно-эмиссионной томографии, совмещенной с компьютерной томографией c применением фтордезоксиглюкозы, меченной 18-фтором (ПЭТ/КТ с18F-ФДГ), у пациентки с множественной миеломой, которой проводилось лечение в объеме высокодозной химиотерапии (ВДТХ) с последующей аутотрансплантацией гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (аутоТГСК). Диагноз был установлен иммуногистохимически. Применение этих методов позволило в динамике оценить патологические изменения, характерные для множественной миеломы

Риск развития кровотечений, требующих гемотрансфузии, после транскатетерной имплантации аортального клапана у пациентов с сопутствующей ишемической болезнью сердца

Introduction. Perioperative bleeding is a potentially life-threatening complication of surgical intervention. The incidence of perioperative bleeding during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) reaches 6%. An increased risk of perioperative bleeding is noted in patients requiring constant antiplatelet therapy, which includes patients with concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD).Aim. The study of risk factors of bleeding, which require blood transfusion in candidates for TAVI with concomitant CAD.Materials and methods. A retrospective study. The patients with concomitant CAD who underwent TAVI from 2016 to 2021 with hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenosis (n = 270) were included in this study. The incidence of early postoperative bleeding requiring blood transfusions was analyzed. Risk factors of bleeding development were evaluated.Results. The average age of the patients was 77.7 ± 7.2 years, the number of male and female patients was comparable (45.9 and 54.1%).The majority of patients were diagnosed with chronic heart failure (90.4%), more than half of the patients suffered from pulmonary hypertension (51.9%). The incidence of bleeding that required blood transfusion was 9.3%. The risk factors of the bleeding were dual antiplatelet therapy, baseline anemia (hemoglobin less than 120 g/l), history of stroke, chronic renal failure and critical aortic stenosis. The risk factors were included in the predictive model.Conclusion. Bleeding requiring blood transfusion in patients with severe aortic stenosis and CAD after TAVR occurs in 9.3%. It can be partially predicted using the predictive model. The using of the predictive model may be useful in determining the predominant risk of thrombotic or bleeding events after surgery.Введение. Периоперационное кровотечение является потенциально жизнеугрожающим осложнением хирургического вмешательства.Встречаемость периоперационных кровотечений при транскатетерной имплантации аортального клапана (ТИАК) достигает 6%. Повышенный риск развития периоперационных кровотечений отмечается у пациентов, требующих постоянной антиагрегантной терапии, к которой относятся пациенты с сопутствующей ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС).Цель. Изучить факторы риска развития кровотечений, требующих гемотрансфузии, у пациентов, госпитализированных для проведения ТИАК, при сопутствующей ИБС.Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное исследование. Рассмотрены пациенты, перенесшие ТИАК в период с 2016 по 2021 г., при сопутствующей ИБС с гемодинамически значимым поражением коронарных артерий (n = 270). Изучена частота развития ранних послеоперационных кровотечений, требующих проведения гемотрансфузий. Выполнена оценка факторов риска развития кровотечений.Результаты. Средний возраст исследуемых составил 77,7 ± 7,2 года, количество пациентов мужского и женского пола было сопоставимо – 45,9 и 54,1%. У большинства пациентов была диагностирована хроническая сердечная недостаточность (90,4%), у половины – легочная гипертензия (51,9%). Частота развития кровотечений, потребовавших проведения гемотрансфузии, составила 9,3%. Повышение риска развития кровотечений, требующих гемотрансфузии, ассоциировано с наличием следующих факторов риска: двойная антиагрегантная терапия, исходная анемия (гемоглобин менее 120 г/л), инсульт в анамнезе, хроническая почечная недостаточность и критический аортальный стеноз. Полученные факторы риска включены в прогностическую модель.Заключение. У 9,3% пациентов с тяжелым аортальным стенозом и сопутствующей ИБС при проведении ТИАК развиваются кровотечения, требующие гемотрансфузии. Развитие кровотечения можно частично спрогнозировать с помощью предложенной в исследовании модели. Ее использование в клинической практике может быть полезным для определения превалирующего риска тромботических или геморрагических событий в послеоперационном периоде