Photoneutrons for Radiation Therapy and Radionuclide Production

The possibility of organizing neutron therapy with a photoneutron beam produced by the electron accelerator target, and ensuring the required dose at the tumor at a reasonable exposure time and with minimal impact on patients investigated. Generation of neutrons from the target of electron accelerator takes place in two stages: e- ® γ ® n, and in the selected electron energy range of 20-100 MeV, the bremsstrahlung gamma radiation in many times (~ 3 orders of magnitude) offers more than “useful” neutron yield. This raises the problem of the selective control of the “harmful” for radiotherapy secondary gamma radiation while providing the minimum attenuation of the neutron flux in the output beam. In order to solve the general problem of the formation of a neutron beam with necessary spectral characteristics having sufficient intensity, there has been resolved a number of computational tasks of the selection of the optimal configuration of the output beam unit and its composition. The matter of high importance is to minimize additional irradiation of the patient from the bremsstrahlung (generated by electrons) and secondary gamma radiation (generated by neutrons) from the accelerator target as well as from output unit’s materials. On the other hand, at a generation stage e- ® γ the bremsstrahlung beam could be applied for effective radionuclide production by reactions (γ,n) and (γ,p) due to high leak intensity ~ 1.3·1017 photon/s. By the Mo100(γ,n)99Mo reaction the main diagnostic nuclide 99Tc could be produced sufficiently for the clinical needs. The resulting configuration of the output unit provides the required beam quality for the neutron capture therapy (NCT), which commonly assumed to be the only competitive technology of neutron therapy on the background of the massive invasion of proton therapy and other highly selective techniques that ultimately damage the target sparing the surrounding tissues and organs. For the accessible accelerator (average current 4 mA and electron energy 35 MeV) the flux density of epithermal photoneutrons (they required for NCT) in the beam at the output is of the order of magnitude or more higher than the typical yield from existing and planned reactors' beams. The proposed scheme of generation and extraction of photoneutrons for NCT has a number of strong advantages over traditional techniques: a) the applying of electron accelerators for neutron production is much safer and cheaper than conventional reactor beams in use; b) accelerator with the target, the beam output unit with the necessary equipment can be placed on the territory of the clinic without any problems of radiation safety; c) the proposed target – liquid gallium, which also serves as a cooler, is an “environmentally friendly” material due to low activation which rapidly (in ~ 4 days) falls to the background level

EVALUATION OF THE DOSIMETRIC PARAMETERS FOR 252CF DURING INTERSTITIAL BRACHYTHERAPY OF HEAD AND NECK ORGANS

Dosimetric calculations of the main parameters of interstitial brachytherapy of the head and neck organs with the 252Cf source were performed. 10 cases of low-power brachytherapy were analyzed. The concept of precision modeling of the interstitial brachytherapy scenario is formulated

THE RAT’S GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DOSE DUE TO INNER IRRADIATION BY “HOT” PARTICLES

The main regularities analysis of the “hot” radioactive particles transfer in the digestive tract of laboratory animals (rats), which serve as reference organisms in the tasks of evaluation the radiation risk of environmental contamination with radionuclides for biota and humans, is presented.The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-316-90014

THE ESTIMATION OF A CRITICAL DOSE 131I IN A CATTLE'S THYROID

The relevance of this problem is determined by the practical necessity of a reliable prediction of the dose in the thyroid of irradiated animals in order to make a decision on their disposal or transfer to clean feed

CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF GAMMA RAY DOSES IN BRACHYTHERAPY OF A HEAD AND NECK ORGANS WITH A 252Cf SOURCE

Dosimetric calculations of a main parameters of interstitial brachytherapy of the head and neck or-gans with the 252Cf source were performed. 10 cases of low-power brachytherapy were analyzed. A concept of precision modeling of the interstitial brachytherapy scenario is formulated

THE THYROID «ACTIVITY-DOSE RATE» CONVERSION FACTORS FOR RADIOIODINES IN CATTLE IRRADIATION

The conversion factors (to converse cattle thyroid activity to thyroid dose rate) for radio-iodines 131-I, 132-I, 133-I, 135-I, which determine dose at early phase of radiation accidents are calculated. The calculations were made using a precise thyroid model and the MCNP radiation transport code

RADIOACTIVE PARTICLES TRANSPORT AND ABSORBED DOSES DISTRIBUTION IN THE RATS’ GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

The compartmental model of hot particles transfer was applied to estimate time-dependent activity in rat’s stomach. Dose rates in stomach and intestines were evaluated by two calculation techniques: a) traditional, using simple semiempirical model; b) more precise one, based on RADAR rat phantom.The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-316-90014