Frequency shifts in gravitational resonance spectroscopy

Quantum states of ultracold neutrons in the gravitational field are to be characterized through gravitational resonance spectroscopy. This paper discusses systematic effects that appear in the spectroscopic measurements. The discussed frequency shifts, which we call Stern-Gerlach shift, interference shift, and spectator state shift, appear in conceivable measurement schemes and have general importance. These shifts have to be taken into account in precision experiments

A spectroscopy approach to measure the gravitational mass of antihydrogen

We study a method to induce resonant transitions between antihydrogen ($\bar{H}$) quantum states above a material surface in the gravitational field of the Earth. The method consists of applying a gradient of magnetic field, which is temporally oscillating with the frequency equal to a frequency of transition between gravitational states of antihydrogen. A corresponding resonant change in the spatial density of antihydrogen atoms could be measured as a function of the frequency of applied field. We estimate an accuracy of measuring antihydrogen gravitational states spacing and show how a value of the gravitational mass of the $\bar{H}$ atom could be deduced from such a measurement. We also demonstrate that a method of induced transitions could be combined with a free-fall-time measurement in order to further improve the precision

Phraseology and institutional discourse: Angela Merkel

Linguosemiotic approach to the study of phraseological units used by an institutional language personality. The language personality of a politician, in particular Angela Merkel, is considered as an active mechanism for the functioning of institutional discours

Multi-mode quasi-periodic pulsations in a solar flare

Context. Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) of the electromagnetic radiation emitted in solar and stellar flares are often detected in microwave, white light, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands. Mechanisms for QPP are intensively debated in the literature. Previous studies revealed that QPP may manifest non-linear, non-stationary and, perhaps, multi-modal processes operating in flares. Aims. We study QPP of the microwave emission generated in an X3.2-class solar flare on 14 May, 2013, observed with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH), aiming to reveal signatures of the non-linear, non-stationary, and multi-modal processes in the signal. Methods. The NoRH correlation signal obtained at the 17 GHz intensity has a clear QPP pattern. The signal was analysed with the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) that allows one to determine its instant amplitude and frequency, and their time variation. Results. It was established that the QPP consists of at least three well-defined intrinsic modes, with the mean periods of 15, 45, and 100 s. All the modes have quasi-harmonic behaviour with different modulation patterns. The 100 s intrinsic mode is a decaying oscillation, with the decay time of 250 s. The 15 s intrinsic mode shows a similar behaviour, with the decay time of 90 s. The 45 s mode has a wave-train behaviour. Conclusions. Dynamical properties of detected intrinsic modes indicate that the 100 s and 15 s modes are likely to be associated with fundamental kink and sausage modes of the flaring loop, respectively. The 100 s oscillation could also be caused by the fundamental longitudinal mode, while this interpretation requires the plasma temperature of about 30 million K and hence is not likely. The 45 s mode could be the second standing harmonics of the kink mode

THE FORMATIVE IDEA OF CUBISM IN MODERN GRAPHIC DESIGN

В данной статье рассматривается пластическая идея кубизма как одно из направлений изобразительного искусства, и его влияние на графический дизайн современности. Кубизм игнорирует пропорции, целостность жизненных образцов и материальных объектов. В кубистской графике активно применяются первоформы, знаки и символы в различных композиционных сочетаниях. Это явление в контексте современного графического дизайна вызывает исследовательский интерес.This article discusses the plastic idea of cubism as one of the areas of fi ne art, and its infl uence on the graphic design of our time. Cubism ignores the proportions, the integrity of life samples and material objects. In cubist graphics, primary forms, signs and symbols in various compositional combinations are actively used. This phenomenon in the context of modern graphic design is of research interest

The morphology of average solar flare time profiles from observations of the Sun's lower atmosphere

We study the decay phase of solar flares in several spectral bands using a method basedon that successfully applied to white light flares observed on an M4 dwarf. We selectedand processed 102 events detected in the Sun-as-a-star flux obtained with SDO/AIAimages in the 1600 ̊A and 304 ̊A channels and 54 events detected in the 1700 ̊A channel.The main criterion for the selection of time profiles was a slow, continuous flux decaywithout significant new bursts. The obtained averaged time profiles were fitted withanalytical templates, using different time intervals, that consisted of a combination oftwo independent exponents or a broken power law. The average flare profile observedin the 1700 ̊A channel decayed more slowly than the average flare profile observed onthe M4 dwarf. As the 1700 ̊A emission is associated with a similar temperature to thatusually ascribed to M dwarf flares, this implies that the M dwarf flare emission comesfrom a more dense layer than solar flare emission in the 1700 ̊A band. The coolingprocesses in solar flares were best described by the two exponents model, fitted overthe intervals t1=[0, 0.5]t1/2and t2=[3, 10]t1/2wheret1/2is time taken for the profileto decay to half the maximum value. The broken power law model provided a goodfit to the first decay phase, as it was able to account for the impact of chromosphericplasma evaporation, but it did not successfully fit the second decay phase

Quantifying human genome parameters in aging

Healthy human longevity is a global goal of the world health system. Determining the causes and processes influencing human longevity is the primary fundamental goal facing the scientific community. Currently, the main efforts of the scientific community are aimed at identifying the qualitative characteristics of the genome that determine the trait. At the same time, when evaluating qualitative characteristics, there are many challenges that make it difficult to establish associations. Quantitative traits are burdened with such problems to a lesser extent, but they are largely overlooked in current genomic studies of aging and longevity. Although there is a wide repertoire of quantitative trait analyses based on genomic data, most opportunities are ignored by authors, which, along with the inaccessibility of published data, leads to the loss of this important information. This review focuses on describing quantitative traits important for understanding aging and necessary for analysis in further genomic studies, and recommends the inclusion of the described traits in the analysis. The review considers the relationship between quantitative characteristics of the mitochondrial genome and aging, longevity, and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as the frequency of extensive mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions, mtDNA half-life, the frequency of A>G replacements in the mtDNA heavy chain, the number of mtDNA copies; special attention is paid to the mtDNA methylation sign. A separate section of this review is devoted to the correlation of telomere length parameters with age, as well as the association of telomere length with the amount of mitochondrial DNA. In addition, we consider such a quantitative feature as the rate of accumulation of somatic mutations with aging in relation to the lifespan of living organisms. In general, it may be noted that there are quite serious reasons to suppose that various quantitative characteristics of the genome may be directly or indirectly associated with certain aspects of aging and longevity. At the same time, the available data are clearly insufficient for definitive conclusions and the determination of causal relationships