Low missing mass, single- and double diffraction dissociation at the LHC

Low missing mass, single- and double diffraction dissociation is calculated for the LHC energies from a dual-Regge model, dominated by a Pomeron Regge pole exchange. The model reproduces the rich resonance structure in the low missing mass Mx region. The diffractionly excited states lie on the nucleon trajectory, appended by the isolated Roper resonance. Detailed predictions for the squared momentum transfer and missing mass dependence of the differential and integrated single- and double diffraction dissociation in the kinematical range of present and future LHC measurements are given. The model predicts a possible turn-down of the cross section towards, t -> 0 in a region probably accessible in future experiments in the nearly forward direction. The present work is a continuation and extension (e.g. with double diffraction) of a previous work using the dual Regge approach

Role of p52 (NF-κB2) in LPS tolerance in a human B cell line

Cells of the weakly CD14 positive human B cell line RPMI 8226, clone 1, will mobilize NF-κB (p50/p65 and p50/p50) proteins and produce TNF mRNA when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), When such cells are precultured with a low amount of LPS (50 - 250 ng/ml) for 3 - 4 days followed by a secondary stimulation with a high dose of LPS (1 mu g/ml) then the cytokine expression is strongly reduced, i.e, the cells have become tolerant. Western blot analysis of proteins of the NF-kappa B/rel family demonstrates cytoplasmic p50 and p65 for naive B cells plus a low level of p52. While with tolerance induction the pattern of p50 and p65 proteins remains essentially unchanged, the LPS tolerant 8226 cells show a dramatic increase of both p52 protein and its p100 precursor in the cytosol. This p52 is found strongly upregulated in Western blots of extracts from purified nuclei of tolerant cells, Also, gelshift analysis with the -605 kappa B motif Of the human TNF 5'-region shows an additional high mobility complex in LPS tolerant cells - a complex that is supershifted with an anti-p52 antibody, Functional analysis with the -1064 TNF 5'-region in front of the luciferase reporter gene demonstrates that transactivation of the TNF promoter is strongly reduced in tolerant cells, Also, overexpression of p52 will suppress activity of TNF promoter reporter gene constructs. Taken together these data show that tolerance to LPS in the human RPM1 8226 a cell line involves upregulation of the p52 (NF-kappa B2) gene, which appears to be instrumental in the blockade of TNF gene expression

Winding of cylindrical products and curved bars of reinforced polyethylene terephtalate

The fundamentals are developed, regularities are analyzed and patterns are estimated of one-step process of winding cylindrical and curved products from recycled PET. Experimental samples of cylindrical and oval products are obtained. The method for estimation of parameters of the winding process by criteria impregnation and consolidation. The method developed can be used to determine the optimal mode of winding cylindrical and curved reinforced tape products based thermoplastics

Utilization of fiber composite products

The method for processing of fiberglass plastic is proposed for deriving of the fiber constituent, applied as reinforcing filler for producing secondary composite materials. It is proved by theory and experiments the influence of modes of shock-centrifugal mill to produce a fibrous component with the highest content of fibers with a length of more efficient. The obtained analytical regularities can be used to develop the design of the elements of the mill, as well as for the optimization of the grinding process

Impact of heavy-flavour production cross sections measured by the LHCb experiment on parton distribution functions at low x

The impact of recent measurements of heavy-flavour production in deep inelastic $ep$ scattering and in $pp$ collisions on parton distribution functions is studied in a QCD analysis in the fixed-flavour number scheme at next-to-leading order. Differential cross sections of charm- and beauty-hadron production measured by LHCb are used together with inclusive and heavy-flavour production cross sections in deep inelastic scattering at HERA. The heavy-flavour data of the LHCb experiment impose additional constraints on the gluon and the sea-quark distributions at low partonic fractions $x$ of the proton momentum, down to $x \sim 5 \times 10^{-6}$. This kinematic range is currently not covered by other experimental data in perturbative QCD fits

Understanding NF-κB signaling via mathematical modeling

Mammalian inflammatory signaling, for which NF-κB is a principal transcription factor, is an exquisite example of how cellular signaling pathways can be regulated to produce different yet specific responses to different inflammatory insults. Mathematical models, tightly linked to experiment, have been instrumental in unraveling the forms of regulation in NF-κB signaling and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Our initial model of the IκB–NF-κB signaling module highlighted the role of negative feedback in the control of NF-κB temporal dynamics and gene expression. Subsequent studies sparked by this work have helped to characterize additional feedback loops, the input–output behavior of the module, crosstalk between multiple NF-κB-activating pathways, and NF-κB oscillations. We anticipate that computational techniques will enable further progress in the NF-κB field, and the signal transduction field in general, and we discuss potential upcoming developments

Low-Mass Diffraction at the LHC

The expected resonance structure for the low-mass single diffractive states from a Regge-dual model elaborated paper by the present authors in a previous is predicted. Estimates for the observable low-mass single diffraction dissociation (SDD) cross sections and efficiencies for single diffractive events simulated by PYTHIA 6.2 as a function of the diffractive mass are given.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures. Minor changes. To be published in the Modern Physics Letters

Chromatin profiling across the human tumour necrosis factor gene locus reveals a complex, cell type-specific landscape with novel regulatory elements

The TNF locus on chromosome 6p21 encodes a family of proteins with key roles in the immune response whose dysregulation leads to severe disease. Transcriptional regulation is important, with cell type and stimulus-specific enhancer complexes involving the proximal TNF promoter. We show how quantitative chromatin profiling across a 34 kb region spanning the TNF locus has allowed us to identify a number of novel DNase hypersensitive sites and characterize more distant regulatory elements. We demonstrate DNase hypersensitive sites corresponding to the lymphotoxin alpha (LTA) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) promoter regions, a CpG island in exon 4 of lymphotoxin beta (LTB), the 3′ end of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-like 1 (NFKBIL1) and 3.4 kb upstream of LTA. These sites co-localize to highly conserved DNA sequences and show evidence of cell type specificity when lymphoblastoid, Jurkat, U937, HeLa and HEK293T cell lines are analysed using Southern blotting. For Jurkat T cells, we define histone modifications across the locus. Peaks of acetylated histone H3 and H4, together with tri-methyl K4 of histone H3, correspond to hypersensitive sites, notably in exon 4 of LTB. We provide evidence of a functional role for an intergenic DNase I hypersensitive site distal to LTA in Jurkat cells based on reporter gene analysis, with evidence of recruitment of upstream stimulatory factors (USF) transcription factors