Investigation of hydrodynamic and behavioral factors that affect zooplankton sampling by pumps

The present study used a recirculating hydraulic flume to examine the effects of ambient flow regimes, flow fields induced by sampling pumps, sampler orientation, and copepod behavior

Safety and Mission Assurance Performance Metric

The safety and mission assurance (S&MA) performance metric is a method that provides a process through which the managers of a large, complex program can readily understand and assess the accepted risk, the problems, and the associated reliability of the program. Conceived for original use in helping to assure the safety and success of the International Space Station (ISS) program, the S&MA performance metric also can be applied to other large and complex programs and projects. The S&MA-performance-metric data products comprise one or more tables (possibly also one or more graphs) that succinctly display all of the information relevant (and no information that is irrelevant) to management decisions that must be made to assure the safety and success of a program or project, thereby facilitating such decisions

Impact of Biofluid Viscosity on Size and Sedimentation Efficiency of the Isolated Microvesicles

Microvesicles are nano-sized lipid vesicles released by all cells in vivo and in vitro. They are released physiologically under normal conditions but their rate of release is higher under pathological conditions such as tumors. Once released they end up in the systemic circulation and have been found and characterized in all biofluids such as plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, breast milk, ascites, and urine. Microvesicles represent the status of the donor cell they are released from and they are currently under intense investigation as a potential source for disease biomarkers. Currently, the “gold standard” for isolating microvesicles is ultracentrifugation, although alternative techniques such as affinity purification have been explored. Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to a deforming force by either shear or tensile stress. The different chemical and molecular compositions of biofluids have an effect on its viscosity and this could affect movements of the particles inside the fluid. In this manuscript we addressed the issue of whether viscosity has an effect on sedimentation efficiency of microvesicles using ultracentrifugation. We used different biofluids and spiked them with polystyrene beads and assessed their recovery using the Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. We demonstrate that MVs recovery inversely correlates with viscosity and as a result, sample dilutions should be considered prior to ultracentrifugation when processing any biofluids

A Highly Sensitive Underwater Video System for Use in Turbid Aquaculture Ponds

The turbid, low-light waters characteristic of aquaculture ponds have made it difficult or impossible for previous video cameras to provide clear imagery of the ponds\u27 benthic habitat. We developed a highly sensitive, underwater video system (UVS) for this particular application and tested it in shrimp ponds having turbidities typical of those in southern Taiwan. The system\u27s high-quality video stream and images, together with its camera capacity (up to nine cameras), permit in situ observations of shrimp feeding behavior, shrimp size and internal anatomy, and organic matter residues on pond sediments. The UVS can operate continuously and be focused remotely, a convenience to shrimp farmers. The observations possible with the UVS provide aquaculturists with information critical to provision of feed with minimal waste; determining whether the accumulation of organic-matter residues dictates exchange of pond water; and management decisions concerning shrimp health

A Highly Sensitive Underwater Video System For Use in Turbid Aquaculture Ponds

The turbid, low-light waters characteristic of aquaculture ponds have made it difficult or impossible for previous video cameras to provide clear imagery of the ponds\u27 benthic habitat. We developed a highly sensitive, underwater video system (UVS) for this particular application and tested it in shrimp ponds having turbidities typical of those in southern Taiwan. The system\u27s high-quality video stream and images, together with its camera capacity (up to nine cameras), permit in situ observations of shrimp feeding behavior, shrimp size and internal anatomy, and organic matter residues on pond sediments. The UVS can operate continuously and be focused remotely, a convenience to shrimp farmers. The observations possible with the UVS provide aquaculturists with information critical to provision of feed with minimal waste; determining whether the accumulation of organic-matter residues dictates exchange of pond water; and management decisions concerning shrimp health

Cholinergic Input Is Required during Embryonic Development to Mediate Proper Assembly of Spinal Locomotor Circuits

SummaryRhythmic limb movements are controlled by pattern-generating neurons within the ventral spinal cord, but little is known about how these locomotor circuits are assembled during development. At early stages of embryogenesis, motor neurons are spontaneously active, releasing acetylcholine that triggers the depolarization of adjacent cells in the spinal cord. To investigate whether acetylcholine-driven activity is required for assembly of the central pattern-generating (CPG) circuit, we studied mice lacking the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzyme. Our studies show that a rhythmically active spinal circuit forms in ChAT mutants, but the duration of each cycle period is elongated, and right-left and flexor-extensor coordination are abnormal. In contrast, blocking acetylcholine receptors after the locomotor network is wired does not affect right-left or flexor-extensor coordination. These findings suggest that the cholinergic neurotransmitter pathway is involved in configuring the CPG during a transient period of development

The Vehicle, Fall 1984

Vol. 26, No. 1 Table of Contents Thoughts on I-57Jim Caldwellpage 3 A Night Between Lonely and BlindJennifer K. Soulepage 4 What is Unnatural is Sometimes MagicAngelique Jenningspage 4 Cutting ClosenessBecky Lawsonpage 5 PhotoBrian Ormistonpage 6 The Sensuality of Corn One Week in AugustMichelle Mitchellpage 7 American MusicJim Caldwellpage 7 Water is WaitingMichael Kuopage 8 WhereJennifer K. Soulepage 8 The Fishing HoleJan Kowalskipage 9 Miller\u27s PondSue Gradypage 9 PhotoCathy Stonerpage 11 Young Man Reading To His LoverMaggie Kennedypage 11 ShellsChristopher R. Albinpage 12 In The ShadeJohn Fehrmannpage 12 FallLynanne Feilenpage 13 IndecisionDave L. Brydenpage 13 Dark Falls SoftlyAngelique Jenningspage 14 Not a Parked \u2757 Chevy in the Summer in the CountryMichelle Mitchellpage 20 BirdAnnie Heisepage 20 Clouds Created Only For Poets And Certain WomenJennifer K. Soulepage 21 SandGraham Lewispage 22 PhotoFred Zwickypage 23 Judgment CallCathy Moepage 23 I was hip that night Dan Hintzpage 24 A Sight Of WindDan Von Holtenpage 25 Tillard Isabel M. Parrottpage 26 The WidowMaggie Kennedypage 27 The SeparationMichelle Mitchellpage 27 The Garden Hose TrialMaggie Kennedypage 28 InterruptionsJennifer K. Soulepage 28 On Happening Across Jesus While Cleaning the BasementMaggie Kennedypage 29 GileonMichelle Mitchellpage 30 If My Father Were A Writer, He Would Still BuildAngelique Jenningspage 36 A Visit to Grandpa Gib\u27s HouseTammy Veachpage 37 For Having SeenAngelique Jenningspage 38 PhotoJudy Klancicpage 39 The Earth in BlueSusan J. Bielskypage 39 Things I Could Have SaidAngelique Jenningspage 40 AcrosticsAnnie Heisepage 40https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1044/thumbnail.jp

The Vehicle, Fall 1984

Vol. 26, No. 1 Table of Contents Thoughts on I-57Jim Caldwellpage 3 A Night Between Lonely and BlindJennifer K. Soulepage 4 What is Unnatural is Sometimes MagicAngelique Jenningspage 4 Cutting ClosenessBecky Lawsonpage 5 PhotoBrian Ormistonpage 6 The Sensuality of Corn One Week in AugustMichelle Mitchellpage 7 American MusicJim Caldwellpage 7 Water is WaitingMichael Kuopage 8 WhereJennifer K. Soulepage 8 The Fishing HoleJan Kowalskipage 9 Miller\u27s PondSue Gradypage 9 PhotoCathy Stonerpage 11 Young Man Reading To His LoverMaggie Kennedypage 11 ShellsChristopher R. Albinpage 12 In The ShadeJohn Fehrmannpage 12 FallLynanne Feilenpage 13 IndecisionDave L. Brydenpage 13 Dark Falls SoftlyAngelique Jenningspage 14 Not a Parked \u2757 Chevy in the Summer in the CountryMichelle Mitchellpage 20 BirdAnnie Heisepage 20 Clouds Created Only For Poets And Certain WomenJennifer K. Soulepage 21 SandGraham Lewispage 22 PhotoFred Zwickypage 23 Judgment CallCathy Moepage 23 I was hip that night Dan Hintzpage 24 A Sight Of WindDan Von Holtenpage 25 Tillard Isabel M. Parrottpage 26 The WidowMaggie Kennedypage 27 The SeparationMichelle Mitchellpage 27 The Garden Hose TrialMaggie Kennedypage 28 InterruptionsJennifer K. Soulepage 28 On Happening Across Jesus While Cleaning the BasementMaggie Kennedypage 29 GileonMichelle Mitchellpage 30 If My Father Were A Writer, He Would Still BuildAngelique Jenningspage 36 A Visit to Grandpa Gib\u27s HouseTammy Veachpage 37 For Having SeenAngelique Jenningspage 38 PhotoJudy Klancicpage 39 The Earth in BlueSusan J. Bielskypage 39 Things I Could Have SaidAngelique Jenningspage 40 AcrosticsAnnie Heisepage 40https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1044/thumbnail.jp

Clioquinol and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate complex with copper to form proteasome inhibitors and apoptosis inducers in human breast cancer cells

INTRODUCTION: A physiological feature of many tumor tissues and cells is the tendency to accumulate high concentrations of copper. While the precise role of copper in tumors is cryptic, copper, but not other trace metals, is required for angiogenesis. We have recently reported that organic copper-containing compounds, including 8-hydroxyquinoline-copper(II) and 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline-copper(II), comprise a novel class of proteasome inhibitors and tumor cell apoptosis inducers. In the current study, we investigate whether clioquinol (CQ), an analog of 8-hydroxyquinoline and an Alzheimer's disease drug, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a known copper-binding compound and antioxidant, can interact with copper to form cancer-specific proteasome inhibitors and apoptosis inducers in human breast cancer cells. Tetrathiomolybdate (TM), a strong copper chelator currently being tested in clinical trials, is used as a comparison. METHODS: Breast cell lines, normal, immortalized MCF-10A, premalignant MCF10AT1K.cl2, and malignant MCF10DCIS.com and MDA-MB-231, were treated with CQ or PDTC with or without prior interaction with copper, followed by measurement of proteasome inhibition and cell death. Inhibition of the proteasome was determined by levels of the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity and ubiquitinated proteins in protein extracts of the treated cells. Apoptotic cell death was measured by morphological changes, Hoechst staining, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. RESULTS: When in complex with copper, both CQ and PDTC, but not TM, can inhibit the proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity, block proliferation, and induce apoptotic cell death preferentially in breast cancer cells, less in premalignant breast cells, but are non-toxic to normal/non-transformed breast cells at the concentrations tested. In contrast, CQ, PDTC, TM or copper alone had no effects on any of the cells. Breast premalignant or cancer cells that contain copper at concentrations similar to those found in patients, when treated with just CQ or PDTC alone, but not TM, undergo proteasome inhibition and apoptosis. CONCLUSION: The feature of breast cancer cells and tissues to accumulate copper can be used as a targeting method for anticancer therapy through treatment with novel compounds such as CQ and PDTC that become active proteasome inhibitors and breast cancer cell killers in the presence of copper