Techno-ökonomische Planung energetischer Wohngebäudemodernisierungen : Ein gemischt-ganzzahliges lineares Optimierungsmodell auf Basis einer vollständigen Finanzplanung

In der Arbeit wird ein Optimierungsmodell (GGLP) zur Entscheidungsunterstützung von Wohngebäudeeigentümern als Selbstnutzer und/oder Vermieter bei der Modernisierungsplanung entwickelt. Der Ansatz betrachtet simultan die Maßnahmenwahl und -auslegung, den Versorgungsanlageneinsatz (inkl. KWK/PV) sowie die Finanzierungsstruktur unter ökonomischen Gesichtspunkten. Das Bewertungsschema beruht auf einer vollständigen Finanzplanung und bezieht staatliche Fördermittel in die Analyse ein

Techno-ökonomische Planung energetischer Wohngebäudemodernisierungen : Ein gemischt-ganzzahliges lineares Optimierungsmodell auf Basis einer vollständigen Finanzplanung

In der Dissertation wird ein Optimierungsmodell (MILP) zur Entscheidungsunterstützung von Wohngebäudeeigentümern als Selbstnutzer oder Vermieter bei der Modernisierungsplanung entwickelt. Der Ansatz betrachtet simultan die Maßnahmenwahl und -auslegung, den Versorgungsanlageneinsatz (inkl. KWK/PV) sowie die Finanzierungsstruktur unter ökonomischen Gesichtspunkten. Das Bewertungsschema beruht auf einer vollständigen Finanzplanung und bezieht staatliche Fördermittel in die Analyse ein

Inline Plasma Analysis as Tool for Process Monitoring in Laser Micro Machining for Multi-layer Materials

AbstractLaser micro machining is an innovative manufacturing technology with a wide range of processable materials and a high level of flexibility. Especially for processing multi-layer materials it is a tool for surface structuring and subsequent functionalization. The manufacturing of e.g. conductor paths for solar cells or batteries requires specific ablation depths on multi-layer materials in order to reveal conducting layers as functional conductor paths. To achieve an ablation of a specific, layer an in-line process monitoring can be used to warrant a robust manufacturing preventing damage on further surface layers. With regards on the need of material specific ablation parameters, this paper addresses the development of a measurement system based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a tool for real-time process monitoring by in-line plasma analysis. The presented results show the specific plasma emission variation at layer interfaces, which can be used for real-time feedback process control with the goal of minimizing the ablation of further layers

Insights on Germany’s Future Congestion Management from a Multi-Model Approach

In Germany, the political decision to phase out nuclear and coal-fired power as well as delays in the planned grid extension are expected to intensify the current issue of high grid congestion volumes. In this article, we investigate two instruments which may help to cope with these challenges: market splitting and the introduction of a capacity mechanism. For this purpose, we carry out a comprehensive system analysis by jointly applying the demand side models FORECAST and eLOAD, the electricity market model PowerACE and the optimal power flow model ELMOD. While a German market splitting has a positive short-term impact on the congestion volumes, we find the optimal zonal delimination determined for 2020 to become outdated by 2035 resulting in new grid bottlenecks. Yet, readjusting the zonal configuration would lower the ability of the market split to provide regional investment incentives. Introducing a capacity mechanism with a congestion indicator allows allocating new power plants in regions with higher electricity demand. Consequently, we find the required congestion management to be substantially reduced in this setting. However, given the large amount of design parameters, any capacity mechanism needs to be carefully planned before its introduction to avoid new inefficiences on the market side

Semiclassical Asymptotics for the Maxwell - Dirac System

We study the coupled system of Maxwell and Dirac equations from a semiclassical point of view. A rigorous nonlinear WKB-analysis, locally in time, for solutions of (critical) order $O(\sqrt{\epsilon})$ is performed, where the small semiclassical parameter $\epsilon$ denotes the microscopic/macroscopic scale ratio

SMOS sea ice thickness - a review and way forward

The sea ice on the oceans in the Arctic and Antarctic is a relatively thin blanket that significantly influences the exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere. The sea ice thickness is a major parameter, which is of great importance for diagnosis and prediction. Determining seasonal and interannual variations in sea ice thickness was the primary objective of ESA's CryoSat Earth Explorer mission. ESA's second Earth Explorer mission, SMOS, provides L-band brightness temperature data that can also be used to infer the thickness of the sea ice, although that was not its primary objective. Both missions complement each other strongly in terms of spatiotemporal sampling and their sensitivity to different ice thickness regimes. In order to further improve the synergistic use of low-frequency radiometric data for sea ice applications, it is imperative to better characterize the uncertainties and covariances associated with the retrieval. A key factor is a thorough understanding of the physical processes that determine the emissivity of sea ice in order to improve the forward model used for retrieval. A thermodynamic model is used to estimate the vertical temperature profile through the snow and sea ice. Therefore, additional meteorological data such as from atmospheric reanalyses and parameterizations of snow and sea ice properties must be taken into account. Natural sea ice is not a homogeneous medium of uniform sea ice and snow thickness, but can only be described by statistical distribution functions on different spatial scales. Thin ice and open water in leads within the compact pack ice also have a significant influence on the brightness temperature measured by SMOS. In order to take all these effects into account, the forward model or the observation operator must be of the appropriate complexity. The inversion to determine the geophysical sea ice parameters can be optimized with a-priori information and parameterizations as well as with information from other satellite sensors. The presentation will focus on a review of the current retrieval method used to generate the AWI-ESA level 3 and level 4 Sea Ice Thickness products and the way forward to improve the emissivity model and to define a common basis metrics validation to assess algorithms evolution considering that in-situ validation data is only sparsely available