Spontaneous retrieval deficits in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: : A case of focal event-based prospective memory

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of an article accepted for publication in Neuropsychology following peer review: A. Niedzwienska, L. Kvavilashvili, K. Ashaye, and J. Neckar, ‘Spontaneous retrieval deficits in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A case of focal event-based prospective memory’, Vol. 31 (7): 735-749, October 2017, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/neu0000378. This document may not exactly replicate the final version published in Neuropsychology. It is not the copy of record.Objective: Research on early cognitive markers of Alzheimer’s disease is primarily focused on retrospective recall (of word lists, pairs of items, stories) and executive functions. However, research shows that people with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), who are at a higher risk of developing the disease than healthy controls, are particularly impaired in remembering to do things in the future or prospective memory (PM). The aim of this study was to establish which type of event-based PM is particularly disrupted in aMCI, focal PM, based on spontaneous retrieval, or nonfocal PM that relies on strategic monitoring processes. Method: Thirty-eight aMCI individuals and 46 age- and education-matched healthy older adults identified the profession of each famous face presented (ongoing task) and, additionally, responded to certain professions (focal PM condition), or to certain physical features of a person presented (nonfocal PM). Only four aMCI individuals could not remember PM instructions at the end of the session, and were excluded from analyses. Results: In comparison to healthy controls, participants with aMCI were significantly impaired in the focal PM task, but not on the nonfocal task. In both groups, monitoring indices were significantly higher in the nonfocal than focal PM condition.Peer reviewe

Multi-disciplinary team-based simulation training in acute care settings: a systematic review of the impact on team performance

© 2022 The Authors. Published by Journal of Surgical Simulation. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Background: Teamwork plays an essential role in providing quality health care and ensuring good outcomes and safe practices in any health care system. This has been demonstrated in several studies in emergency care where resuscitation teams perform at a high level to achieve desired outcomes in life-threatening situations. Simulation has been identified as an effective way of improving team performance skills, especially in acute care settings where team dynamics change rapidly and require good collaboration. In addition to clinical competence, the members of the team need to be conversant with non-technical skills such as team leadership and communication. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched for original articles from the last 20 years investigating team performance in multi0disciplinary team-based simulation training in acute care settings. The research questions were developed using the participants, intervention, comparisons, outcome (PICO) framework. The review was designed and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The articles were then assessed by independent reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) to standardize the assessment process. Results: Of the 1260 articles identified, 12 primary research articles representing a variety of team-based simulation training in various acute care settings were included. The studies were published between 2002 and 2020 and included 679 participants 418 years of age. All articles were original research papers with a combination of pre-/post-test, observational, randomized, and prospective designs; 11 were single-site studies and one was a multi-site study. Six studies used a pre-/post-test interventional method, four used a post-interventional method and one was an observational study. One study used a prospective blinded controlled observational method. Most of the articles reviewed did not provide high-level evidence and the control aspect of PICO was not applied because the review focused mainly on the intervention and outcome with no comparator. This study shows that 72.2% of the reviewed articles demonstrated a positive impact of team-based simulation training on team performance. Discussion: This review has demonstrated some evidence that team-based simulation training used in various emergency and acute care clinical settings does improve team performance. However, how that translates to improvement in patient safety and clinical outcomes was not fully addressed by most of the articles reviewed and other previous studies. Simulation enhances team training; the evidence to support multi-disciplinary team training is positive although limited and will require further research to fully develop and validate simulation-based team training programmes.Peer reviewe

Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia:1. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions

© 2018 The Author(s) This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Background: Two-thirds of people living with dementia live at home in the UK and many experience distressing behavioural and psychological symptoms. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for behavioural and psychological symptoms among community-dwelling people living with dementia. Methods: This two-stage review undertook an initial mapping of the literature followed by a systematic review of relevant randomised controlled trials. We searched electronic databases for pertinent studies reporting outcomes from interventions from January 2000 to March 2015 and updated searches in October 2016. We included studies that considered behavioural and psychological symptom management for older people living with dementia who live at home and excluded studies conducted in long-term care settings. This paper presents findings from a narrative synthesis of 48 randomised controlled trials evaluating interventions for people living with dementia alone, family carers alone and patient-carer dyads. Results: We retrieved 17,871 de-duplicated records and screened them for potential inclusion. Evidence from 48 randomised controlled trials suggests that family carer training and educational programmes that target problem behaviours and potential triggers can improve outcomes. Nurses and occupational therapists appear to help people with dementia with behavioural and psychological symptoms, but professional comparisons are lacking and there is no shared language about or understanding of behavioural and psychological symptoms amongst professionals, or between professionals and family carers. Conclusions: Future research should focus on the effectiveness of components of multi-faceted programmes and their cost effectiveness and include qualitative data to better target interventions for behavioural and psychological symptoms. It is important to consider family carer readiness to use non-pharmacological strategies and to develop a shared language about the inherent needs and communications of behavioural and psychological symptoms.Peer reviewe

Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in people with dementia and their carers living at home/community- A mixed methods evidence synthesis for non-pharmacological interventions

Plain English Summary Background Two-thirds of people with dementia live at home and many experience distressing symptoms such as aggression, wandering, agitation, emotional problems, known as behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which result in poor outcomes. We aimed to combine evidence from various sources to find out what types of non-drug based interventions might be helpful for people with dementia and their carers. We also conducted focus groups (FG) and interviews with service users and providers around managing BPSD

Carers' diaries in dementia: Is there a role in clinical practice?

AbstractIntroductionCarers' diaries have been used in very few instances in dementia to assist with gathering information about persons with dementia in the community. The main aim of this study was to compare problems identified using diaries kept by family carers for a week with carers' oral recollection of problems.MethodCarers were randomly allocated into two groups, diary and control groups. In the diary group, carers received a diary and instructions on how to complete it for 7 days.ResultsA total of 78 carers completed the study. The frequency of problems identified in the carers diaries was greater than in the carers' narrative accounts at day 1 and day 8. The most common problems were behavioral and cognitive problems.DiscussionCarers' diaries may complement the assessment of dementia as they can provide more information on the problems faced by the persons with dementia

Supplementary Table S2 Quotations to support themes -Supplemental material for Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia: 2. A systematic review of qualitative studies

<p>Supplemental material, Supplementary Table S2 Quotations to support themes for Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia: 2. A systematic review of qualitative studies by Andreas Braun, Daksha P Trivedi, Angela Dickinson, Laura Hamilton, Claire Goodman, Heather Gage, Kunle Ashaye, Steve Iliffe and Jill Manthorpe in Dementia</p

Box A Example of Search Query -Supplemental material for Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia: 2. A systematic review of qualitative studies

<p>Supplemental material, Box A Example of Search Query for Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia: 2. A systematic review of qualitative studies by Andreas Braun, Daksha P Trivedi, Angela Dickinson, Laura Hamilton, Claire Goodman, Heather Gage, Kunle Ashaye, Steve Iliffe and Jill Manthorpe in Dementia</p

Supplementary Table S1 Details of included qualitative studies -Supplemental material for Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia: 2. A systematic review of qualitative studies

<p>Supplemental material, Supplementary Table S1 Details of included qualitative studies for Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia: 2. A systematic review of qualitative studies by Andreas Braun, Daksha P Trivedi, Angela Dickinson, Laura Hamilton, Claire Goodman, Heather Gage, Kunle Ashaye, Steve Iliffe and Jill Manthorpe in Dementia</p

Evidence Table S1 People with dementia -Supplemental material for Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia: 1. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions

<p>Supplemental material, Evidence Table S1 People with dementia for Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia: 1. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions by Daksha P Trivedi, Andreas Braun, Angela Dickinson, Heather Gage, Laura Hamilton, Claire Goodman, Kunle Ashaye, Steve Iliffe and Jill Manthorpe in Dementia</p

Evidence Table S3.1 Carer Interventions -Supplemental material for Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia: 1. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions

<p>Supplemental material, Evidence Table S3.1 Carer Interventions for Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in community dwelling older people with dementia: 1. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions by Daksha P Trivedi, Andreas Braun, Angela Dickinson, Heather Gage, Laura Hamilton, Claire Goodman, Kunle Ashaye, Steve Iliffe and Jill Manthorpe in Dementia</p