Spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetable crop production in India

Horticulture is a profitable and diversified option for the development of rural economy. Being endowed with its wide variable climate and soil, India has immense potentialities for the development of horticulture especially vegetable crops production. In the year 2009-10, India is the second largest producer of vegetables in the world (next to China). The present paper highlights the spatio-temporal variations in vegetable production in India by using the secondary data procured from various government websites and offices. The study reveals that in spite of phenomenal growth in vegetable crop production there is lack of any effective policy measures for wiping out the problems relating to low crop productivity, limited irrigational facilities and inadequate infrastructural set up. The existing policies failed to pave the way for sustainable horticulture practice in India

Hydrodynamics, Stability and Accretion: from planets, to stars, to supermassive black holes

In this golden era of multi-messenger astronomy, with highly sensitive telescopes detecting spectacular transients almost nightly, a whole new window is now wide open to study the universe on all timescales. Typically, these events are generated from the total or partial destruction of an astrophysical object and emit electromagnetic waves of all different wavelengths, neutrinos and gravitational waves--carrying important physics that was previously inaccessible. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to take advantage of this tremendous progress in observation with analytic and simulation tools to explain the physics of exotic astrophysical events. This thesis aims to do so by studying the hydrodynamics of some of the most exotic high-energy astrophysical phenomena, ranging from tidal disruption events, shock physics, accretion, and gravitational wave emission from core collapse supernovae, and dynamic stability of the giant planetary atmosphere. We have developed novel analytical tools, primarily using classical hydrodynamics and general relativity, and have utilized computational techniques (numerical and simulations). Our study on giant planets shows how the presence of a solid core can save the planet from being unstable when due to ionization it is expected to be, and thus solves a puzzle in the ``core-accretion” theory of giant planet formation. We have presented a general relativistic modification for the accretion solution on a neutron star through stalled shock, which is useful in understanding weak or failed supernovae and can potentially impact the much-discussed standing accretion shock instability--which we restudied and in the process uncovered a new variant impacting the explosion mechanism and gravitational-wave signature. We have also studied the oscillation modes of a nascent proto-neutron star to show how they can contribute to the gravitational wave signature emitted. Our study of deep-tidal disruption events (events in which stars approach black holes closely) refutes the widely speculated possibility of nuclear detonation arising in such events

Metabolic changes during hibernating period in Indian common toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1799)

The present investigation reports the effect of hibernation on different blood-plasma biochemical parameters viz. plasma protein, plasma glucose and blood urea, thyroid hormone and cholesterol in the Indian Common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus). The study indicated that the total plasma protein is decreased significantly in hibernating toads. The decline in thyroid hormone concentration had its behavioral and physiological response that leads to increase and sustain cholesterol level in serum. But plasma glucose was significantly decreased in hibernating toads. During the hibernating phase increased urea concentration in blood acts as cryoprotectant agent, which helps the hibernating animals to sustain in winter. Thus during hibernation these altered metabolic changes appear to be essential for survival

HMN: Generalization of Heterogeneous and Multi-layered Network

A network may have different types of entities and their relations. Further, there could be additional layers of ties. The former is referred to as Heterogeneous networks, while the latter is known as Multi-layer networks. The present paper provides a generalized network model, namely, a Heterogeneous Multi-layered Network (HMN), which can simultaneously be multi-layered and heterogeneous. The model can represent homogeneous networks as well. We define different structural measures in an HMN. We proved that the sets of all homogeneous, heterogeneous and multi-layered networks are subsets of the set of all HMNs. Accordingly, we established the equivalency of the proposed structural measures of HMNs with that of homogeneous, heterogeneous, and multi-layered networks. Following that, we show how our proposed HMN is more efficient in tasks such as link prediction. In addition, we present a novel parameterized algorithm (with complexity analysis) for generating synthetic HMNs. The networks generated from our proposed algorithm are more consistent in modelling the layer-wise degree distribution of a real-world Twitter network (represented as HMN) than those generated by existing models. Moreover, we also show that our algorithm is more effective in modelling an air-transportation multiplex network when compared to an algorithm designed specifically for the task

An Empirical Analysis of Women Empowerment within Muslim Community in Murshidabad District of West Bengal, India

Women empowerment is a contemporary issue for developing countries like India. The rates of women empowerment are in a vulnerable condition within the largest Muslim minority community of India. In this paper, an attempt has been taken to present an empirical analysis of Muslim women empowerment within purposively selected Murshidabad district of West Bengal regarding the highest concentration of Muslim people (63.67%) all over the country. For showing the multidimensional aspects of women empowerment, a Cumulative Empowerment Index (CEI) has been constructed using 22 key indicators that act as explained variables covering four dimension of women empowerment, i.e. control over economic resources, control over household decision making, women’s mobility and political awareness. Nine explanatory (independent) variables have also been selected as determinants of women empowerment (CEI). Based on the multiple regression results the study finds statistically significant impact of accessing any type of media, family structure, family headship, household income, paid work and duration of marital life on Cumulative Empowerment Index of Muslim women at the study area. It concludes that active participation of GO’s and local NGO’s in bringing change of traditional beliefs of Muslim family and gaining awareness about women’s rights and practices can accelerate the women empowerment process within Muslim community of Murshidabad district. Keywords: Women empowerment, Cumulative Empowerment Index, Muslim community, Multiple regressio

A review on treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a brain disorder named after German physician Alois Alzheimer, who first described it in 1906. The Alzheimer’s disease is now becoming curable by identifying the actual cause of the disease with the proper diagnosis of the disease of the patient. The disease can now be cured by drug treatment, by hormonal treatment and by using herbal products such as medicines. The drugs are based on antagonizing action of the components against the causative agents (â Amyloid plaque, Apolipoprotein E, Tau protein) of the disease. Thecommon drugs based on their action are N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, Cholinesterase inhibitor, agents for increasing blood supply and neurotransmitter in the brain, lipofuchsin and â Amyloid plaque inhibitor, free radical scavenger, agent for metal chelator and agent for increasing macrophage activity in the brain

Does the Vacuum Gravitate on Microscopic Scales? Rydberg Atoms Indicate Probably Not

The cosmological constant presents one of the most fascinating and confounding problems in physics. A straightforward, seemingly robust prediction of quantum mechanics and general relativity is that the vacuum energy gravitates. Therefore, the cosmological constant should be enormous. It is minuscule. Since there is no understanding of why the cosmological constant is so small, it is important to test this idea in many different situations. In particular, given the span of distances in astronomy and particle physics, it is vital to test the gravitation of vacuum energy on as many distance scales as we can. Rydberg atoms open up a new set of distances for exploration. It is satisfying to measure the cosmological constant with an atom, but its main significance is extending measurements to microscopic distances. Here, too, there is no evidence of the gravitation of the vacuum. At scales of a micron and less, we place a limit of $7$ GeV on the scale of gravitating vacuum energy, well below the scale of $100$ GeV of the SM of particle physics.Comment: Accepted in PR

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON THE BASIC CONCEPT OF PRAMEHA IN CONVENTIONAL PARLANCE

Systemic information about several diseases has been documented in Ayurvedic classical texts. Although conventional entity of all of those diseases are not well established. Understanding of such diseases in conventional parlance is essential for an evidence based approach of Ayurveda. Prameha is one of such disease that is most widely described in almost all classical Ayurvedic texts but not well established in conventional parlance. The disease Premeha, has been named on its major clinical signs Avila-Prabhuta-Mutra (Excess and contaminated urine). In ancient text compiled by Acharya Charaka, Acharya Sushruta, Acharya Vagbhatta and many others, we get detailed description about this disease. Meda Dusti is considered as a key pathological phenomenon behind the development of Prameha. A conventional entity of this disease is still now doubtful. This review aims at scanning of both Ayurvedic and conventional medical literatures as well as published research articles to explore the basic concept of Prameha in conventional parlance

The enigma of speech and language acquisition in human - A genetic approach

The use of language is one of the most vital traits that distinguish human from other species. The gene FOXP2 (fork head box P2) is relevant to the human ability to develop language. FOXP2 is situated on human chromosome 7q31, and its major splice form encodes a protein of 715 amino acids. It contains a glutamine rich region consisting of two adjacent polyglutamine tracts, encoded by mixtures of CAG and CAA repeats. Two functional copy of FOXP2 seem to be required for acquisition of normal language in human. The chimpanzee, gorilla and the rhesus macaque FOXP2 proteins are all identical to each other and carry only one difference from the mouse and two differences from the human protein, whereas the orangutan two differences from the mouse and three from humans. This gene is also important on particular aspects of cognition awareness or grammatical processing

Synthetic Fuzzballs: A Linear Ramp from Black Hole Normal Modes

We consider a black hole with a stretched horizon as a toy model for a fuzzball microstate. The stretched horizon provides a cut-off, and therefore one can determine the normal (as opposed to quasi-normal) modes of a probe scalar in this geometry. For the BTZ black hole, we compute these as a function of the level $n$ and the angular quantum number $J$. Conventional level repulsion is absent in this system, and yet we find that the Spectral Form Factor (SFF) shows clear evidence for a dip-ramp-plateau structure with a linear ramp of slope $\sim 1$ on a log-log plot, with or without ensemble averaging. We show that this is a robust feature of stretched horizons by repeating our calculations on the Rindler wedge (times a compact space). We also observe that this is {\em not} a generic feature of integrable systems, as illustrated by standard examples like integrable billiards and random 2-site coupled SYK model, among others. The origins of the ramp can be traced to the hierarchically weaker dependence of the normal mode spectrum on the quantum numbers of the compact directions, and the resulting quasi-degeneracy. We conclude by noting an analogy between the 4-site coupled SYK model and the quartic coupling responsible for the non-linear instability of capped geometries. Based on this, we speculate that incorporating probe self-interactions will lead to stronger connections to random matrix behavior.Comment: 36 pages, 20 figure