The Railways And The Zimbabwe Coal Crisis Of The Late 1980s

A GJZ article on development challenges in Zimbabwe in the 1980's.Zimbabwe experienced several shortages in the late 1980s when the National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) failed to transport coal from the single colliery (Wankie) then in operation in the country to the consumption centers. This caused problems in a number of 'industries across the country. Some industries, particularly the tobacco, electricity1 generation, and sugar industries, which use a lot of coal in their operations were seriously affected’ The aim of this paper is to discuss the problems experienced by the NRZ as highlighted during this coal crisis which reached a peak in 1988 and 1989

Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd

Novel gastrointestinal tools (GI Tools) for evaluating gut functional capacity in adults with environmental enteropathy in Zambia and Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study protocol

Background: Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a highly prevalent subclinical inflammatory intestinal disorder associated with growth failure, impaired neurocognitive development, poor response to oral vaccines, and micronutrient deficiencies. However, EE research and clinical trials are hampered by the lack of non-invasive tools for measuring intestinal function in detail. This study aims to develop new tools for the measurement of multiple domains of gut functional capacity. Methods: The GI TOOLS project is a cross-sectional study that will recruit adults aged 18-65 years with EE in Lusaka, Zambia. Each participant will undergo assessment of gut functional capacity using novel near-point-of-care tools and provide multiple samples for detailed laboratory analyses. Participants will also undergo endoscopy for collection of duodenal biopsies. Novel techniques include stable isotopes approaches to measuring digestion, absorption, and bidirectional transmucosal amino acid flux, a non-invasive fluorescence tool for real-time evaluation of gut permeability, and assessment of reverse permeation of intravenous antibiotics to be carried out separately in Zimbabwe. Stool and duodenal microbiome sequencing using MinION sequencing, metabolome analysis applied to plasma and intestinal fluids, blood immune cell phenotyping, in vitro epithelial barrier models, and duodenal immunohistochemistry will also be used to explore EE in depth. These will all be integrated with gold standard histology and mucosal morphometry, alongside lactulose permeation data, and stool and plasma biomarker analysis. The protocol has been approved by ethics committees and regulators in Zambia, Zimbabwe, and the UK. Participants will give informed consent before they can participate Anticipated outcomes: Based on this extensive phenotyping, tests will be developed which can be simplified and refined for use in adults and children with EE, and for clinical trials. Findings from this project will be disseminated through in-person meetings with caregivers and regulatory bodies, presentations at conferences and in peer-reviewed journals

Modelling paratransit services A microscopic simulation approach

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN017802 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Simulation modelling of paratransit services using GIS

Urban areas have many forms of transport systems. Conventional public transport systems provide discrete services at defined points in space (stops) and at defined moments in time (schedules) resulting in users grouping at a few locations and at defined times. However, there are other forms of public transportation known by the generic term \u27paratransit\u27 which offer the flexibility in both space and time. Paratransit services occupy a region between the private car which is very flexible, and the relatively less flexible services such as trains and conventional bus systems. They comprise a broad range of transport modes in both developing and developed countries. The aim of this paper is to propose a model of paratransit services for a city in the developing world. The model utilises the spatial analysis functions of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to process the spatial dimensions and simulation techniques to handle the temporal dimensions to paratransit operation

Asia\u2019s Era of Infrastructure and the Politics of Corridors: Decoding the Language of Logistical Governance

The essay analyses the politics of corridors as an inner logic of Asia\u2019s Era of Infrastructure and the emergence of corridors as logistical institutions. By analyzing texts and policies prompted by international organizations such as the World Bank or the ADB or actors such as China along the so-called Belt and Road, the essay shows that corridors, from a subterranean trend in the history of the relation between economy and space, are now emerging as a commonsense reference in discourses of governance and policy-making. The essay argues that corridors take the political reorganization achieved through zones a step further and produce specific governing dynamics and agencies whose role is growing as a consequence of the relevance assumed by logistics, connectivity and infrastructure for global politics