Der Wandel von Praxis, Wissen und Identität in der Industrie 4.0

Oft wird bei der Digitalisierung und Automatisierung von Arbeitsprozessen übersehen, dass dadurch für die Organisation gravierende Veränderungen angestoßen werden. Dieser Beitrag zeigt auf, dass solche Veränderungen zu einer Inkongruenz zwischen dem "was eine Organisation tut" (Praxis), "was sie kann" (Wissen) und "wer sie ist" (Identität) führen können. Um Veränderungen erfolgreich umzusetzen, müssen diese Inkongruenzen überwunden werden. Wenn Manager sich dessen bewusst sind, können viele Probleme wie z. B. der Zusammenbruch bestehender Routinen, Wissenslücken oder der Abgang von wichtigen Mitarbeitern vorhergesehen und gelöst werden

Clarifying the Dominant Logic Construct by Disentangling and Reassembling its Dimensions

Since its introduction, Prahalad and Bettis's concept of dominant logic has informed a variety of scholarly conversations in management and strategy research. However, scholars have interpreted dominant logic in different ways, emphasizing different aspects, such as managerial mindsets, administrative tools and management functions, as defining elements. Similarly, empirical studies have captured various aspects, such as meanings of entrepreneurs, observable strategic decisions and business model similarity, as indicators of dominant logic. Consequently, the concept lacks analytical clarity, and it is difficult to compare or generalize findings from this diverse set of studies. The aim of this review is to improve conceptual clarity by analysing, comparing and evaluating the existing interpretations and assessments of dominant logic in 94 studies. In the first part of the review, by disentangling the interpretations of the concept, we show that dominant logic consists of four defining dimensions: (i) shared mental models; (ii) values and premises; (iii) organizational practices; and (iv) organizing structures. In the second part, we reassemble dominant logic into an integrative model and theorize about how these dimensions operate in concert to produce a firm's dominant logic. Thus, our main contribution is a clarification and synthesis of the literature, which comes with implications on how future research can conceptualize and operationalize dominant logic more consistently

Re-weighting EUROMOD for demographic change: An application on Slovenian and Lithuanian data

This paper discusses an application of re-weighting to account for demographic change within a comparative micro-simulation setting. We use the Slovenian and Lithuanian components of the EUROMOD micro-simulation model with data referring to demographic characteristics of the population in 2010 to test the proposed procedures. The data are re-weighted to reflect demographic change up to 2012 and 2020 as indicated in the Eurostat Population Projections (Europop)

Physical inactivity induced dysregulation of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue metabolism

Includes bibliographical references.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.Vita."May 2005"Dissertations, Academic -- University of Missouri--Columbia -- physiology (Medicine).Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Missouri-Columbia 2005.There has been a precipitous decline in the daily physical activity in humans that has been accompanied by an epidemic rise in the incidence of obesity and type II diabetes. This rapid decline in physical activity in humans was simulated using a rate model where male rats that were physically active on voluntary running wheels for 21 days had their running wheels locked for 5-53 hours. During this time frame (between 5 and 53 hours of reduced physical activity), there is decreased insulin sensitivity in the epitrochlearis muscle, an increase in the mass of the epididymal and omental fat depots, and an increase in the size of epididymal adipocytes. In the epitrochlearis muscle, there was a decrease in multiple descriptive indices of insulin receptor activation that was associated with the decreased insulin sensitivity. In epididymal fat, there was an increase in triacylglycerol synthesis above that of animals that did not have access to running wheels; this was paralleled by an increase in the enzyme activity of mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), a key regulatory point in the triacylglycerol synthesis pathway. An increase in mitochondrial GPAT protein is at least partly responsible for the increased enzyme activity. These studies provide a seminal foundation of mechanistic insights on how reduced physical activity elicits physiological changes that are commonly associated with common modern chronic diseases

The Elderly Poor in the EU’s New Member States. ENEPRI Research Reports No. 60, November 2008

To what extent is the financial position of the elderly in the NMS more vulnerable than that of the old member states (or the EU-15), due to a rather unfavourable starting point and the possible impact of pension reforms? This is the main issue of the current research report. It tries to delineate the vulnerability of the income position of elderly people in the NMS, in relation to the demographic, socio-economic and institutional context of these countries. More specifically, the report focuses on: - the current level of income of the elderly in the NMS, and the degree of relative poverty; - the way this position is related to the educational and labour market status of the elderly in the NMS, their retirement behaviour, institutional arrangements (notably the pension system), and demographic developments; - specific problems regarding the income position of possibly ‘marginal’ elderly groups in the NMS (such as single elderly female pensioners)

Faint young Sun paradox remains

The Sun was fainter when the Earth was young, but the climate was generally at least as warm as today; this is known as the `faint young Sun paradox'. Rosing et al. [1] claim that the paradox can be resolved by making the early Earth's clouds and surface less reflective. We show that, even with the strongest plausible assumptions, reducing cloud and surface albedos falls short by a factor of two of resolving the paradox. A temperate Archean climate cannot be reconciled with the low level of CO2 suggested by Rosing et al. [1]; a stronger greenhouse effect is needed.Comment: 3 pages, no figures. In press in Nature. v2 corrects typo in author list in original submissio

Flat tax reform in Eastern Europe: Comparative analysis of alternative scenarios in Estona, Hungary and Slovenia, using EUROMOD

Flat tax schemes are popular in Eastern Europe, with an ever increasing number of countries where it is introduced, and yet many other where it is recurringly discussed. Analysing three countries, we show that the design of such schemes largely determines their impact on fiscal revenues and on the show that the design of such schemes largely determines their impact on fiscal revenues and on the redistribution of individuals' incomes. The impact, as expected, also largely depends on the characteristics of the existing income tax system. Three different flat tax systems (Estonian, already implemented; Slovenian and Hungarian, only proposals) are simulated in each of the three countries. The analysis is based on EUROMOD, the European tax-benefit microsimulation model, which now includes these countries, enabling cross-country comparisons. The results also confirm the value of EUROMOD which proves to be a valuable tool for international policy comparisons