Serum CD26 is related to histopathological polyp traits and behaves as a marker for colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Serum CD26 (sCD26) levels were previously found diminished in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared to healthy donors, suggesting its potential utility for early diagnosis. Therefore we aimed to estimate the utility of the sCD26 as a biomarker for CRC and advanced adenomas in a high-risk group of patients. The relationship of this molecule with polyp characteristics was also addressed.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>sCD26 levels were measured by ELISA in 299 symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who had undergone a colonoscopy. Patients were diagnosed as having no colorectal pathology, non-inflammatory or inflammatory bowel disease, polyps (hyperplastic, non-advanced and advanced adenomas) or CRC.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At a 460 ng/mL cut-off, the sCD26 has a sensitivity and specificity of 81.8% (95% CI, 64.5-93.0%) and 72.3% (95% CI, 65.0-77.2%) for CRC regarding no or benign colorectal pathology. Clinicopathological analysis of polyps showed a relationship between the sCD26 and the grade of dysplasia and the presence of advanced adenomas. Hence, a 58.0% (95% CI, 46.5-68.9%) sensitivity detecting CRC and advanced adenomas was obtained, with a specificity of 75.5% (95% CI, 68.5-81.0%).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our preliminary results show that measurement of the sCD26 is a non-invasive and reasonably sensitive assay, which could be combined with others such as the faecal occult blood test for the early diagnosis and screening of CRC and advanced adenomas. Additional comparative studies in average-risk populations are necessary.</p

The analysis on the correlation parameters of the embankment compaction under in situ conditions

Geotechniczna ocena poprawności wykonania korpusu drogowego obejmuje szereg zagadnień, wśród których istotne są dobór i kontrola jakości wykonywanych robót ziemnych. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań in situ nad określeniem zależności korelacyjnych pomiędzy parametrami określonymi przy pomocy badań płytą sztywną VSS – E1 i E2, a uzyskanymi z badania lekką płytą dynamiczną LFG. Badania wskazują, iż określenie związków korelacyjnych pomiędzy parametrami charakteryzującymi uziarnienie (Cc, Cu, D10, D20, D30, D60), a parametrami odkształceniowymi uzyskanymi podczas sprawdzania stanu zagęszczenia piasku średniego równoziarnistego nasypu (Evd, E1, E2, I0) jest aktualnie praktycznie trudne lub fizycznie złożone.Geotechnical assessment of the implementation correctness of a road embankment wide range of issues, among which important selection and control of the quality of the earthworks are extremely significant. The article presents results of in situ tests determining correlations between the depending parameters defined by a static plate – VSS test – E1 and E2, and obtained from the study LFG Dynamic Load Plate. Studies indicate that the determination of the correlation between the parameters characterizing the particle size distribution (Cc, Cu, D10, D20, D30, D60), and the compaction parameters obtained by examining the compaction of sand embankment (Evd, E1, E2, I0) is physically complex and hence extremely difficult

The selected correlations of compaction parameters determined by VSS and LWD methods

Geotechniczna ocena poprawności wykonania korpusu drogowego obejmuje szereg zagadnień, wśród których istotne są dobór i kontrola jakości wykonywanych robót ziemnych. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań in situ nad określeniem zależności korelacyjnych pomiędzy parametrami oznaczonymi za pomocą badań płytą sztywną VSS – E1 i E2, a uzyskanymi z badania lekką płytą dynamiczną LFG. Badania wskazują, iż określenie związków korelacyjnych pomiędzy parametrami charakteryzującymi uziarnienie (CC, CU, D10, D20, D30, D60), a parametrami odkształceniowymi uzyskanymi podczas sprawdzania jakości zagęszczenia piasku średniego równoziarnistego wbudowanego w nasyp (Evd, E1, E2, I0) jest aktualnie trudne praktycznie lub fizycznie złożone.Geotechnical assessment of the correctness of the road embankment erection covers wide range of issues, among which selection and quality control of the earthworks are important. The paper presents the results of in-situ tests determining correlations between the parameters carried out by static plate VSS test – E1 and E2, and Light Weight Defectometer LWD. Studies indicate that the determination of correlations between parameters characterising the particle size distribution (CC, CU, D10, D20, D30, D60) and parameters obtained during controlling of the embankment compaction (Evd, E1, E2, I0) is currently practically difficult or physically complex

Failure of highway embankment as a result of inadequate subsoil identification.

The paper presents problems connected with failure in a road section of an interchange, which geotechnical causes were manifested in the initial period of its operation. Genesis of the failure stems from the stage of investment preparation and construction. The failure was caused first of all by inadequate identification of geological and engineering conditions in the area of deposition of unconsolidated Holocene organic soils. As a result of failure damage occurred in the road embankment and in the subsoil. The paper presents an attempt at an explanation for the failure

Compressibility of Organic Soils Polluted with Diesel Oil

The paper presents results of experimental study on the compressibility of soils contaminated by diesel oil from Żuławy region. The investigation results show that compressibility of the soils increases with increasing diesel oil content. A significant increasing in compression was found when diesel oil content in soil exceeded 3%. The compression index Cc changes inversely to changes in the dielectrical constant of a porous medium. The index Cc for contaminated organic soil can be estimated from the established compression index of "clean" soil and dielectric constant of the porous medium of polluted soil

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) - Measuring Dielectric Constant of Polluted Soil to Estimate Diesel Oil Content

The paper presents results of experimental study on the possibility of calculating the content of diesel oil in soils from measurements of dielectric permittivity with the TDR technique in a soil-water-air-diesel oil system. Results of calculation were compared with the actual content of diesel oil measured in laboratory conditions. The comparison shows that the content of diesel oil in soils may be precisely determined pn the basid of measurements of dielectric permittivity in contaminated soils

Swelling of Mio-Pliocene clays from the region of Bydgoszcz in comparison to their lithology

Na podstawie badań wybranych odkrywek scharakteryzowano cechy ekspansywne mioplioceńskich iłów z terenu Bydgoszczy. Oznaczono cechy litologiczno-genetyczne, tj. skład granulometryczny i mineralogiczny, powierzchnię właściwą, skład kationów wymiennych w naturalnym kompleksie sorpcyjnym i mikrostrukturę. Zaprezentowano także właściwości fizyczne badanych iłów w zestawieniu z charakterystykami statystycznymi próbki generalnej iłów z terenu Bydgoszczy. Cechy ekspansywne przedstawiono w postaci zależności wskaźnika pęcznienia i ciśnienia pęcznienia od wilgotności początkowej i w odniesieniu do gęstości objętościowej w zakresie zmienności tych parametrów w podłożu geotechnicznym kształtowanym przez naturalne czynniki klimatyczne i biotyczne. Uzyskane wyniki skomentowano w relacji do zaobserwowanych w praktyce na terenie Bydgoszczy zmian deformacyjnych ekspansywnego podłoża gruntowego.The article presents the characteristics of expansive features of Mio-Pliocene clays from the area of Bydgoszcz on the basis of selected pits. Determination of basic lithological and genetic features such as grain-size and mineralogy, specific surface, the composition of exchangeable cations in the natural complex of absorbent and microstructure was carried out. Physical properties compared with statistical values from the area of Bydgoszcz were presented. Expansive features i.e. swelling index and swelling pressure were presented in relation to initial moisture content and bulk density within the range of variation of these parameters in the subsoil, controlled by natural climatic and biotic factors. The results were commented in relation to deformations in expansive massive observed in Bydgoszcz

Forecasting of vertical displacements based on a time series

Before research, a graphical analysis of time series is important to carry out because the configuration of empirical points in a proper Cartesian coordinate system enables one to make a decision which class the researched trend function belongs to. When verifying the model it should be checked whether received values of structural parameters estimation are reasonable. The method of extrapolation of time series can be used to forecast only in case when the mechanism of development of the researched effect does not change in time considerably or in case if the mechanism of development of the researched effect is not known and we cannot recognize it. The forecast horizon can be dependent on inertia of researched variables. For variables with a big inertia the forecast horizon can be considerably longer. Longer forecast horizon corresponds with less probability of occurrence of the provided state and simultaneously certainty of the forecast is less. Another question is a stability of the model. It does not mean that the model will be stable after the period the model was estimated, i.e. it will be stable in future. Adaptive models are useful in case of lack of stability in the researched period. Forecast procedures based on those models assume that the effect intensification in time can be segmental, i.e. "smooth", only in some intervals of time. Such models are particularly important for short-term forecasts. Taking one of the following models into account depends on: - clear interpretation of model's parameters, - possibility of a simple estimation of the model's parameters, - the level of accuracy that the model describes the effect's development in time. It should be noticed that building a "good" model describing the given effect on the base of data from the past not always can be proper in future. To enlarge forecast certainty (especially for short time series) several forecasting methods should be used and their results should be compared