Improved Statistics on Process Emissions and Flaring

SMED was involved in two projects concerning the EU emission trading scheme1 in the years 2003 and 2004. During these projects deficits in data used by SMED to report emissions of CO2 to the EU Monitoring Mechanism and the UNFCCC were observed. Deficits include lack of activity data on the use of carbon-containing input materials within in the iron and steel industry and the production of light expanded clay aggregate (LECA). Deficits also include lack of activity data on the use of limestone and dolomite as well as flaring of excess gases, at a few plants from various industry sectors. 1 EU Directive 2003/87/EC on establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and the amending Council Directive 96/61/EC 2 Ministry of Industry, Employment and Communications, Sweden’s National Allocation Plan (2004-04-22), http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/01/90/18/e9286dc2.pdf 3 Revised IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Workbook 2.13.2 Within this project new activity data have been collected. Emissions have been updated and completed on the basis of collected data and data from the inquiry sent to concerned companies in order to establish the Swedish national allocation plan (NAP) for the EU emission trading scheme2 (from here on referred to as "the inquiry for the Swedish NAP") in the winter of 2004. For the iron and steel sector emissions from stationary combustion (CRF/NFR 1A2a) and from processes (CRF 2C1) have been updated. Updated emissions in CRF 2C1 are a result of new activity data on the use of carbon-containing input materials, such as electrodes, coal and coke, that are used to reduce iron ore or optimise conditions in the smelt. These emissions are defined as process emissions in the IPCC Guidelines.3 In earlier submissions these emissions have only partly been included in CRF 2C1, some emissions were completely lacking and some were incorrectly reported in CRF/NFR 1A2a. The emissions that were incorrectly reported in CRF/NFR 1A2a have been updated and reallocated to CRF 2C1. Emissions in CRF 2C1 have been completed with data from eight additional plants. The whole time series has been updated in Submission 2005. The production of light expanded clay aggregate gives rise to process emissions of CO2 that have not been known nor reported in earlier submissions. Emissions arise from the use of limestone, clay and additives and amounted to 6,308 ton CO2 in 2003. The whole time series for CRF 2A7 has been updated in Submission 2005. The use of limestone and dolomite was found to be more extensive than what had been known for earlier submissions. New activity data on the use of limestone and dolomite has been collected from nine plants. The whole time series for CRF 2A3 has been updated. The results show higher emission levels, but the difference between 1990 and 2003 is smaller in Submission 2005 compared to Submission 2004. Flaring of excess gases was found to be more extensive than what had been known for earlier submissions. New activity data has been collected from nine plants: four refineries, three steel producers, one chemical industry and one pulp producer. Calculated emissions will be reported in CRF 1B in Submission 2005 to the EU Monitoring Mechanism, the UNFCCC and the CLRTAP

Ethical Aspects in Active Ownership

The overall objective of the study is to shed light on the subject of active ownership and the consequences of an increased ethical focus in the work of institutional investors. The following questions are treated within the study; - What do ethical aspects of ownership mean? - To what extent, and in what way, are ethical aspects taken into account by institutional investors? - What are the consequences of active ownership with ethical aspects taken into account? - What effects would an increased ethical focus in the work with active ownership in Sweden have? - What are the hindrances and possibilities for an increased ethical focus in active ownership in Sweden?The overall objective of the study is to shed light on the subject of active ownership and the consequences of an increased ethical focus in the work of institutional investors. The following questions are treated within the study; - What do ethical aspects of ownership mean? - To what extent, and in what way, are ethical aspects taken into account by institutional investors? - What are the consequences of active ownership with ethical aspects taken into account? - What effects would an increased ethical focus in the work with active ownership in Sweden have? - What are the hindrances and possibilities for an increased ethical focus in active ownership in Sweden

Analysis of national allocation plans for the EU ETS

The EU ETS is a Community-wide scheme established by Directive 2003/87/EC for trading allowances to cover the emissions of greenhouse gases from permitted installations. The first phase of the EU ETS runs from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2007. Each Member State must develop a National Allocation Plan for the first phase stating: · the total quantity of allowances that the Member State intends to issue during that phase; and  how it proposes to distribute those allowances among the installations which are subject to the scheme In this paper twelve of the national allocation plans have been analysed and compared to the criteria stated in the EU Directive. The twelve allocation plans analysed are: the Austrian, the Danish, the Finnish, the German, the Irish, the Lithuanian, the Luxembourg, the Dutch, the Swedish, the British and the draft Flemish (Belgium) and Portuguese. Generally most countries have allocated generously to the trading sector. The allocation has often been based on future needs. For most sectors the allocation is higher than current emissions. Many countries will have to make large reductions in the non-trading sector and/or buy credits through JI- and CDM- projects in order to fulfil their commitment according to the EU burden sharing agreement of the Kyoto Protocol. In many of the allocation plans the emission reducing measures in the non-trading sector is poorly described and the credibility of the measures are hard to determine. Two sectors have been analysed in more detail, the energy and the mineral oil refining sectors. Figures presenting allocation vs. current emissions for those sectors are given for those countries where data was available in the allocation plan. The energy sector has been considered to have the best possibilities to pass on costs for the allowances to the consumers and hence the allocation to this sector is often more restricted than the allocation to other sectors. The mineral oil refining sector is more exposed to competition from installations outside the system and hence more sensitive to extra costs. This sector is also affected by other Community legislation that will lead to higher emissions. Some allocation plans have clear infringements to the rules given in the Directive 2003/87/EC. Many countries have suggested ex post adjustment of allocation due to different circumstances, which might violate Article 11.1 to the Directive. This paper also contains a list on the status of the allocation plans as of 18 August 2004 and the comments to the allocation plans given in the Commission decisions taken upon them. As of today, 18 August 2004 not all Member States have submitted their final national allocation plan to the Commissions and not all of the plans submitted have been assessed by the CommissionThe EU ETS is a Community-wide scheme established by Directive 2003/87/EC for trading allowances to cover the emissions of greenhouse gases from permitted installations. The first phase of the EU ETS runs from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2007. Each Member State must develop a National Allocation Plan for the first phase stating: · the total quantity of allowances that the Member State intends to issue during that phase; and  how it proposes to distribute those allowances among the installations which are subject to the scheme In this paper twelve of the national allocation plans have been analysed and compared to the criteria stated in the EU Directive. The twelve allocation plans analysed are: the Austrian, the Danish, the Finnish, the German, the Irish, the Lithuanian, the Luxembourg, the Dutch, the Swedish, the British and the draft Flemish (Belgium) and Portuguese. Generally most countries have allocated generously to the trading sector. The allocation has often been based on future needs. For most sectors the allocation is higher than current emissions. Many countries will have to make large reductions in the non-trading sector and/or buy credits through JI- and CDM- projects in order to fulfil their commitment according to the EU burden sharing agreement of the Kyoto Protocol. In many of the allocation plans the emission reducing measures in the non-trading sector is poorly described and the credibility of the measures are hard to determine. Two sectors have been analysed in more detail, the energy and the mineral oil refining sectors. Figures presenting allocation vs. current emissions for those sectors are given for those countries where data was available in the allocation plan. The energy sector has been considered to have the best possibilities to pass on costs for the allowances to the consumers and hence the allocation to this sector is often more restricted than the allocation to other sectors. The mineral oil refining sector is more exposed to competition from installations outside the system and hence more sensitive to extra costs. This sector is also affected by other Community legislation that will lead to higher emissions. Some allocation plans have clear infringements to the rules given in the Directive 2003/87/EC. Many countries have suggested ex post adjustment of allocation due to different circumstances, which might violate Article 11.1 to the Directive. This paper also contains a list on the status of the allocation plans as of 18 August 2004 and the comments to the allocation plans given in the Commission decisions taken upon them. As of today, 18 August 2004 not all Member States have submitted their final national allocation plan to the Commissions and not all of the plans submitted have been assessed by the Commissio

Strukturerad miljödatahantering inom järn- och stålindustri. Etapp 2; Miljöinformationssystem

Det analysarbete som gjorts har i denna etapp har genomförts i samarbete med samma tre typföretag - Höganäs AB, Sandvik Materials Technology samt Ovako Steel AB - som i etapp 1. De tre företagen hanterar vardera en avsevärda mängd miljödata som idag finns utspridd inom organisationerna och lagras i olika system varför sammanställningar försvåras. Det betyder att den miljödata som mäts och beräknas lagras på ett sätt som innebär en irrationell hantering av den samlade miljöinformationen. Den analys som visar att det inom järn- och stålbranschen går att beskriva verksamhetsprocesser på ett enhetligt sätt och att miljödatan som företagen mäter, beräknar och lagrar överensstämmer i mycket stor grad. Baserat på detta har en branschgemensam miljödatastruktur varit möjlig att ta fram. Denna struktur är framtagen för att kunna lagra miljödata för utsläpp till luft, utsläpp till vatten, energianvändning och avfall. Utifrån den miljödatastruktur som arbetats fram och genom diskussioner med representanter för typföretagen i projektet har en översiktlig systemskiss för ett miljöinformationssystem inom järn- och stålindustrin tagits fram. Detta miljöinformationssystem kan vara generellt inom branschen och svara upp mot gemensamma krav på hantering av miljödata.Det analysarbete som gjorts har i denna etapp har genomförts i samarbete med samma tre typföretag - Höganäs AB, Sandvik Materials Technology samt Ovako Steel AB - som i etapp 1. De tre företagen hanterar vardera en avsevärda mängd miljödata som idag finns utspridd inom organisationerna och lagras i olika system varför sammanställningar försvåras. Det betyder att den miljödata som mäts och beräknas lagras på ett sätt som innebär en irrationell hantering av den samlade miljöinformationen. Den analys som visar att det inom järn- och stålbranschen går att beskriva verksamhetsprocesser på ett enhetligt sätt och att miljödatan som företagen mäter, beräknar och lagrar överensstämmer i mycket stor grad. Baserat på detta har en branschgemensam miljödatastruktur varit möjlig att ta fram. Denna struktur är framtagen för att kunna lagra miljödata för utsläpp till luft, utsläpp till vatten, energianvändning och avfall. Utifrån den miljödatastruktur som arbetats fram och genom diskussioner med representanter för typföretagen i projektet har en översiktlig systemskiss för ett miljöinformationssystem inom järn- och stålindustrin tagits fram. Detta miljöinformationssystem kan vara generellt inom branschen och svara upp mot gemensamma krav på hantering av miljödata