181 research outputs found
Effect of lifestyle on 6‐year periodontitis incidence or progression and tooth loss in older adults
AimTo evaluate the longitudinal association of combined healthy lifestyle factors with incidence or progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults.Materials and methodsThis 6‐year study included 374 Japanese 70‐year olds with 7,157 teeth, from a source eligible baseline population of 554 individuals. Four lifestyle factors—cigarette smoking, physical activity, relative weight, and dietary quality—were scored as healthy (1 point) or unhealthy (0 point). Adding the individual scores generated the “healthy lifestyle score” (0–4 points). Multilevel mixed‐effects logistic regression models were applied to evaluate tooth‐specific associations between the baseline healthy lifestyle score and the incidence or progression of periodontitis (increase in clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm) and tooth loss.ResultsAfter 6 years, 19.0% of the teeth exhibited periodontitis incidence or progression and 8.2% were lost. Compared with a healthy lifestyle score of 0–1 (least healthy), the highest score (4 points) was associated with a significantly lower tooth‐specific risk of periodontitis (adjusted odds ratio = 0.32; 95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.62) and tooth loss (adjusted odds ratio = 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.77).ConclusionsSimultaneous adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle factors significantly lowers the risk of incidence or progression of periodontitis and tooth loss in older adults.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145573/1/jcpe12920_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145573/2/jcpe12920.pd
High Resolution Continuous Flow Analysis System developed at the Ice Core Research Center National Institute of Polar Research
第6回極域科学シンポジウム[OM] 極域気水圏11月16日(月) 統計数理研究所 セミナー室2(D304
Genetic characterization of H5N2 influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in Japan suggests multiple reassortment
Low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) of the H5 subtype can mutate to highly pathogenic forms, potentially destabilizing the poultry industry. Wild migratory birds are considered a natural reservoir of LPAIVs capable of dispersing both high- and low-pathogenic forms of the virus. Therefore, surveillance and characterization of AIV in wild birds are essential. Here, we report on the isolation and genetic characterization of 10 AIVs of the H5N2 subtype obtained through surveillance in Hokkaido, Japan, during 2009 and 2011. Full-genome sequencing revealed that the H5 and N2 genes of these isolates are all closely related to each other, belonging to the Eurasian avian-like lineage, but they are unrelated to H5 highly pathogenic strains of clade 2.3.4.4. The internal genes of the isolates were found to be diverse, consistent with our hypothesis that these H5N2 strains have undergone multiple reassortment events. Even though all of the H5N2 isolates were characterized as LPAIV based on the amino acid sequences at the HA cleavage site, this analysis demonstrates a diverse pool of precursors that may seed future outbreaks in poultry and possible human transmissions, suggesting the need for high-quality surveillance.Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Grant-in-Aid for the Bilateral Joint ProjectsHeiwa Nakajima FoundationNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.) (contracts HHSN266200700009C and HHSN266200700007C
Cyclooxygenase 2 and Prostaglandin E2 are not Involved in N-Nitrosodiethylamine-Initiated Early Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of dietary
supplementation with nimesulide or eugenol on N-nitrosodiethylamine
(DEN)-initiated early hepatocarcinogenesis in F344 male rats. Both compounds did
not alter the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1, the enzyme that plays a
major role in the activation of DEN to genotoxic products; however, nimesulide
induced the expression of CYP1A1. Western blot analysis revealed that COX-1 and
COX-2 protein expressions were not modulated by DEN compared with normal
controls. Furthermore, post-initiation feeding with nimesulide or eugenol did
not modulate COX-2 protein expression in normal or DEN-treated rats, whereas
eugenol significantly increased the liver prostaglandin E2
(PGE2) levels of DEN-injected animals compared with the DEN
controls. Ultimately, nimesulide or eugenol did not modify DEN-induced
hepatocarcinogenesis as evidenced by insignificant changes in the number and
size of preneoplastic placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive liver
foci compared with the DEN controls. These results suggest that COX-2, as well
as prostaglandin E2, may play no role in the post-initiation
development of DEN-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis at an early stage
Undifferentiated Sarcoma of the Salivary Gland in a Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
A subcutaneous mass was found in the lower ventral neck region of a 55-week-old male
Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Histopathologically, the mass
involved salivary glands and featured diffuse proliferation of pleomorphic neoplastic
cells with large necrotic foci. The lesion was well demarcated from the surrounding
tissue, although invasive growth to fibrous septa was occasionally observed. The
neoplastic cells were mainly arranged in irregular sheets with severe cellular atypia,
round to oval nuclei and varying amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mitotic figures and
multinucleated giant cells were frequent. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the
neoplastic cells were strongly positive for vimentin and S-100 and negative for NSE,
cytokeratin, α-SMA, c-kit, factor VIII, CD34, α-1-antitrypsin, lysozyme and MSR-A. Based
on the results, the mass was diagnosed as an undifferentiated sarcoma of the salivary
gland. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a tumor in Mongolian
gerbils
Uterine Carcinosarcoma in a 2-year-old Female Wistar Hannover GALAS Rat
Carcinosarcomas are rare tumors in humans as well as rats and most commonly occur in the
uterus. Recently, we observed a case of incidental carcinosarcoma of the uterus in a
female Wistar Hannover GALAS [BrlHan:WIST@ Jcl (GALAS)] rat at 2 years of age.
Histopathologically, the tumor was characterized by an admixture of malignant epithelial
and nonepithelial elements. The carcinomatous components represented a type of endometrial
carcinoma, consisting of glandular and solid proliferation of large-sized tumor cells.
Prominent mitoses and tumor cell invasion were observed. The sarcomatous components were
characterized by multifocal proliferation of severe atypical cells with cartilage matrix
and were diagnosed as chondrosarcoma. Transitions between carcinomatous and sarcomatous
components were observed, and many tumor cells in the solid lesion showed
immunohistochemical reactivity with both cytokeratin and vimentin. Based on these
findings, this tumor was diagnosed as a uterine carcinosarcoma. This is the first report
of uterine carcinosarcoma in Wistar Hannover GALAS [BrlHan:WIST@Jcl (GALAS)] rats
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