Developments in Redox Flow Battery Containing Organic Compounds

The demand for versatile energy storage is continuously increasing day by day as we are moving towards modernity. Electrical energy produced from renewable &non-renewableresources. Nonrenewable resources are used for producing electricity since last 300 years but because of pollution problems we are moving towards more clean sources of energy production. This demand of clean electrical energy lights up the use of Redox flow batteries to store energy & supply when there is a use. Redox flow battery uses inorganic materials but because of expensive metal used in electrolytes it causes a concern & generates the need of low cost material. The solution to this problem is given by organic compounds that have high voltage, high charge capacity. Hence this review focuses on preparation of Organic based redox flow batteries.It discusses fundamental developments related to Redox flow organic batteries

Role of Thermophilic Enzymes and their Applications in Industry

The exploration of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic microorganisms to utilize their enzymatic system has been done by the research scientist from middle age era. Such examinations are currently a day acing the cloning and mechanical abuse of a wide assortment of qualities encoding chemicals like thermophilic cellulases, amylases, xylanases, polymerases, galactosidases and proteinases etc. A number of thermophilic microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, archaebacteria and actinomycetes known to producing thermophilic enzyme. These enzymes have some structural specificity to show optimum activity in thermophilic environment. Use of thermophilic enzymes is beneficial than using mesophilic enzymes during industrial processes because some of these processes are occur at high temperature. Thermophilic enzymes have wide range of applications in different industries like paper and pulp industry, biofuel industry, textile industry and food industry. To make easy production of these enzymes, genes for thermophilic enzymes have been cloned in mesophilic host. In this text, we review the function of various thermophilic enzymes in different industrial methods from hyperthermophilic and extreme thermophilic microorganisms, the industrial application of thermophilic enzymes are mainly discussed

Indoor vs Outdoor Bacteria in the Air

Airborne microbes are not really a researched topic along with concerns regarding airborne toxins passed from one sick person to the next through the air, without physical contact, causing irritation. Airborne diseases are a threat to the common public and need to be studied correctly more to protect the public. This paper aims at a difference in the bacterial distribution in the air based on indoor vs. outdoor locations on Bard campus by exposing agar plates in the air at the respective sites. The results show that there was not a significant difference in the indoor vs outdoor bacteria because the study was short, and not a lot of variability was observed in the data

Green synthesis of nanostructured silver particles and their catalytic application in dye degradation

AbstractToday, discharge of hazardous dyes from textile industries in water bodies like lakes, rivers and groundwater has become a serious problem, which contributes to increase their pollution levels significantly. These pollutants are difficult to remove by traditional water treatment procedures. Thus, there is a need to develop more suitable methods of effluent treatment. Here, we describe use of green-synthesized nanostructured silver particles in degradation of hazardous dyes like Safranine O, Methyl red, Methyl orange and Methylene blue etc. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) used as nanocatalysts were synthesized using Zanthoxylum armatum leaves. The reduction of silver ions and the formation of AgNPs have been assessed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. DLS, SEM–EDX, TEM, SAED and XRD studies revealed that the AgNPs were crystalline in nature with size range from 15 to 50nm. The report emphasizes that the AgNPs are observed to be an excellent catalyst on reduction of hazardous dyes, which is confirmed by a decrease in absorbance maximum values

ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF HERBAL AND CHEMICAL NEONATAL EYE DROPS

Objective: The present study focuses on exploring the antimicrobial potential of chemical (Tobastar and natamycin) and herbal eye drops (Itone) which are specifically preferred against neonatal eye infections.Methods: Well diffusion method (for testing the antimicrobial potential of selected eye drops against different bacterial and fungal strains), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (broth dilution method) for detecting the MIC effective against various strains taken into consideration.Results: The results indicated that Itone and Tobastar are effective against bacterial strains, thus highlighting the importance of these two eye drops against bacterial infections, whereas natamycin is effective against fungal infection.Conclusion: It may be concluded that the herbal eye drop (Itone) and the chemical eye drop (Tobastar) are effective against bacterial infections. The components such as neem, tulsi, kapur, and honey in herbal composition possess good antibacterial activity confirming the great potential of bioactive compounds and are useful for the growth inhibition of the carcinogenic bacterium. The alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins are based on antibiotic principles and are actually the defensive mechanisms of the plant against pathogens and chemical eye drop, that is, natamycin is effective against fungal infections, which may be due to the presence of polyene antifungal agent which works against fungal infections. There is a need to optimize the blending of the different herbal and chemical components to form a single effective antimicrobial formulation (more of herbal component and less chemical components) against neonatal infections

EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF USG GUIDED FNAC OF THYROID SWELLINGS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

  Background: USG-guided FNAC is a good preoperative screening technique when compared to FNAC and USG done separately for the diagnosis of a thyroid lesion. However, there is little evidence in the literature that emphasizes the importance of USG-guided FNAC as the first step in the investigation of thyroid lesions. Aim: Our study aims to see the sensitivity and specificity, adequacy, and diagnostic accuracy of USG-guided FNAC taking histopathology as a gold standard. Methods: This Hospital-based prospective observational study was carried out on patients who attended the OPD and/or IPD and underwent surgery in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-guided FNAC for thyroid lesions were 58.82%, 98.18%, and 88.89% respectively taking Bethesda categories 1 to 3 as benign and categories 4 to 6 as malignant. The positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio are 32.32 and 0.42 respectively. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 90.91% and 88.52%. The diagnostic accuracy of USG-guided FNAC for thyroid lesions in the present study is 88.89% and adequacy is 93.05%. Conclusion: Further study of a larger number of cases is desirable. US-FNAC is an expensive procedure as compared to palpable FNAC. Recommendation: We recommend the application of USG guide FNAC as the first step in the investigation of thyroid lesions along with a detailed interdepartmental correlation to make the diagnosis before surgery

A rare case of pregnancy in the rudimentary horn of unicornuate uterus (on table diagnosis): a case report

A rudimentary horn with a unicornuate uterus results due to failure of the complete development of one of the Mullerian ducts and incomplete fusion with the contralateral side. Pregnancy in non-communicating rudimentary horn of unicornuate uterus is a rare form of ectopic gestation and it carries grave consequences for mother and the fetus. The most dreaded complication is rupture during pregnancy which can be life threatening to the mother. The continuation of pregnancy is rare till 3rd trimester and usually ruptures in 2nd trimester. The primary strategy of the management is surgical excision of the rudimentary horn. Here is a case of 24year old, gravida1 with unruptured rudimentary horn pregnancy at gestational age 28 weeks diagnosed on table. IOL (induction of labour) was done with misoprostol for fetal demise and later cesarean section done in view of failed induction. Laparotomy was done and dead fetus with placenta delivered followed by excision of the rudimentary horn. The post-operative period was uneventful. This highlights the need   of an increased awareness of this condition especially in developing countries where most pregnancy are unbooked and uninvestigated as in present case

A sustainability assessment framework for infrastructure: Application in stormwater systems

This research presents a three-pronged framework focusing on the functionality-survivability-sustainability (FSS) aspects for sustainability assessment using stormwater infrastructure as its example, and presents a case study to illustrate how the framework can be used. Existing sustainability assessment tools focus mainly on the functional aspects of environmental, social and economic performance separately with emphasis on reducing resource use, and do not capture the changing demands and issues comprehensively. Infrastructure sustainability is defined as the ability of the system to function well and be able to survive complex and emerging stressors without increasing resource consumption, impacting people\u27s health and well-being, and be able to manage for changing circumstances. A process based approach to infrastructure sustainability from resource, people, and change perspective (PRPC) was conceptualized. An infrastructure decision making survey was conducted among people involved in management of water. The twenty-five questions in Group A focused on how sustainability is visualized and uncertainties are factored, and how performance of the system is evaluated. Thirteen questions in Group B focused on issues concerning data and information management. The findings of the survey informed the framework development. A set of 34 indicators were developed for the three domains (FSS), based on the following criteria: resource minimization (R), public health (P) and change management (C). A detailed decision process was developed for evaluating non-quantifiable indicators. A multi-criterion method based on weights derived from experts, and related literature was developed to perform the final assessment, and a template was proposed to present the outcome. The case study revealed that despite highest weight assigned on R in both the weighting schemes, the performance of R was insignificant compared to P and C for functionality and survivability. This indicated that there may be some complex interactions going among different indicators. The zero score for R in sustainability indicated that not having enough information on certain aspect of infrastructure may lead the system towards unsustainability in the long term, even though it may be functional presently and may survive some stressors. Applying the framework in additional infrastructure systems is recommended to test the robustness and wider application of the framework

SCARY DARK SIDE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A PERILOUS CONTRIVANCE TO MANKIND

Purpose of Study: The purpose of the study is to investigate the dark side of artificial intelligence followed by the question of whether AI is programmed to do something destructive or AI is programmed to do something beneficial? Methodology: A study of different biased Super AI is carried out to find the dark side of AI. In this paper SRL (system review of literature approach methodology is used and the data is collected from the different projects of MIT’s media lab named “Norman AI”, “Shelley” and  AI-generated algorithm COMPAS. Main Finding: The study carried out the result if AI is trained in a biased way it will create havoc to mankind. Implications/Applications: The article can help in developing super-AIs which can benefit the society in a controlled way without having any negative aspects. Novelty/originality of the study: Our findings ensure that biased AI has a negative impact on society

Aging Adults and Psychosocial Risk Factors

Abstract Aging is a process which is very complex, involving chronological, physiological and (M =61.3, SD = 34.4) to the noninstitutionalized aging adults (M =73.9, SD = 36.7). The two samples had statistically significant difference (z = -2.9638, p < 0.003, two-tailed). A significant difference was observed in all the psychosocial factors in both the groups except, caring for chronically ill, hence all the hypothesis were rejected