Evaluation of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] varieties under water deficit stress

Legumes are the most important source of food and fodder but due to climatic changes and global warming; crops are consistently exposed to environmental stresses such as low water shortage, high salinity, mineral toxicity and deficiency, extreme temperatures, etc. Drought is undoubtedly the major constraint limiting plant growth and crop productivity worldwide. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of drought on the growth of plant and productivity in three different mungbean varieties [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] i.e. IPM 02-3, RMG 975 and IPM 02-14. The studied varieties exhibited significant variation in plant height, root length, pod length, pods/plant, fresh weight of shoot, root and nodule, dry weight of shoot, root and nodule, number of leaves/plant, plant leaf area, relative leaf water content (RLWC) and initiation day of flowering. The effect of drought can better seen at the flowering stage and pod development stage that ultimately reduces crop productivity. The deleterious effect of drought in terms of morpho-physiological properties studied as above was more prominent in the variety IPM 02-14 in comparison to RMG 975 and IPM 02-3. It can be concluded that varieties IPM 02-3 and RMG 975 are better adapted to drought condition

Drought stress mitigation in Vigna radiata by the application of root-nodulating bacteria

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) facilitates plant growth and are of potential use as bio-fertilizer. Pulses are an important protein source in the vegetarian diet and being legumes harbour members of the Rhizobiaceae that form symbiotic relationships and nodules involved in nitrogen fixation. Vigna radiata is one such pulse crop popular in India. Nodulating bacteria were also found to mitigate biotic and abiotc stress and may be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizer for a sustainable agriculture. Here, we review rhizobial species isolated from V. radiata that have offered an efficient drought stress tolerance.&nbsp

ANTI PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF CALAMUS ROTANG AS A SPOTLIGHT ON EHRLICH'S ASCITES CARCINOMA TREATED PERITONEAL AS WELL AS SOLID TUMOR MODEL

Objective: Methanol extract of Calamus rotang (MECR) root was appraised as a spotlight for the candidate of anticancer activity through the vehicle (Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma) on Swiss albino mice.Methods: In vitro cytotoxicity assay has been accessed by trypan blue and MTT assay. In vivo anticancer activity was done using EAC cells (2 × 106) where in each groups mice were 6. After treatment with MECR at the lower dose of 200 and higher dose of 400 mg/kg respectively for 9 d, half of the mice of each group were sacrificed and the rest were kept to check prolongation of life span. The anticancer potential of MECR was evaluated by tumor volume, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, tumor weight, hematological parameters, biochemical estimations and Furthermore, tissue antioxidant parameters. Besides, solid tumor activity was also inspected.Results: In MECR treated groups (200 and 400 mg/kg) tumor volume, packed cell volume and viable cell count was significantly lessened as compared to that of the EAC control group. Life span, most reliable criteria for anticancer study, increased quite surprisingly by 50% and 100% in a dose dependant manner while compared to EAC control group. The hematological, biochemical and liver tissue antioxidant parameter are significantly (p<0.05) restored along with solid tumor case study (solid tumor volume) towards the normal level after treatment with MECR.Conclusion: From the above study it can be inferred that the MECR has impressive anticancer activity in dose dependent way

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF MODIFIED TAMARIND SEED GUM AS A NOVEL SUPERDISINTEGRANT

The aim of present study was to preparation and evaluation of modified Tamarind seed as natural superdisintegrant. The extracted gum from the Tamarind seed was modified chemically by carboxymethylation of extracted gum was done to improve the hydrophilic nature of the gum. Futher, carboxymethylated gum was complexed by using calcium chloride to enhances  the wetting capacity of the gum. The modification in functional group of extracted gum, carboxymethyled gum, Calcium complexed gum was studied by FT-IR spectrophotometer. The DSC studies shows that the changes in melting point of the carboxymethyled gum and the calcium complexed gum as compared to the extracted gum without undergoing chemical modification. The modified gum was then subjected to different studies like color, pH of gum solution, swelling indexetc. The dummy tablet prepared with calcium complexed modified Tamarind seed gum to check its disintegration effect of the tablet. The various pre-compression parameters of the tablet blend was determined like bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, angle of repose and Hausner's ratio. The disintegration time of these dummy tablet carry the calcium complexed tamarind seed gum was compared to formulate tablet with marketed superdisintegrant i.e. sodium starch glycolate . The disintegration time of calcium complexed Tamarind seed gum was observed to be 1 min. approx. 32.5 sec. -35.2 sec. showing good disintegrating property. It can be concluded that Fast disintegrating tablet using modified Tamarind seed gum as natural superdisintegrant improves the disintegration time of the tablet. Keywords: FDT tablet, Tamarind seed gum, Sodium starch glycolate, Swelling time.&nbsp

Synthesis, structures, nuclease activity, cytotoxicity, DFT and molecular docking studies of two nitrato bridged homodinuclear (Cu-Cu, Zn-Zn) complexes containing 2,2?-bipyridine and a chalcone derivative

Nitrato briged dinuclear complexes of type [Cu2(L)2(bpy)2(NO3)](NO3)·4H2O, 1 and [Zn2(L)2(bpy)2(NO3)](NO3)·4H2O, 2 (L = deprotonated form of free ligand LH, [1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(9-anthracenyl) propenone; bpy = 2,2′bipyridine] are synthesized and characterized using a battery of physicochemical techniques and X-ray crystallography. A distorted square pyramidal geometry is assigned to them with N2O3 coordination core around the metal ion. The co-ligand L binds the metal ions through its O,O' atoms in anti-syn mode. The metal centers in complexes 1 and 2 are separated via bridging nitrato group at a distance of 6.073 Å and 5.635 Å respectively. Their structures and absorption spectra are supported by the computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) and TD-DFT. Both complexes exhibit nuclease activity and cleave supercoiled (form I) DNA. The complex 1 preferentially binds major groove of DNA and follows an oxidative pathway whereas complex 2 binds with minor groove of DNA via hydrolytic pathway. Both complexes inhibit topoisomerase I relaxation activity with IC50 values of 7 and 35 μM. Molecular docking studies support the groove binding and topoisomerase I binding of the complexes. The complex 1 showed a significant cytotoxicity against HeLa cell lines (a cervical cancer cell lines) in vitro with IC50 value calculated as 2.9 ± 0.021 μM as compared to 28.2 ± 0. 044 μΜ for complex 2. Complex 2 induces the cell apoptosis at a later-stage as compared to complex 1. The cell apoptosis and topoisomerase inhibition by complexes enable them to be potential candidates as future anticancer drugs

Multimodal Sentiment Sensing and Emotion Recognition Based on Cognitive Computing Using Hidden Markov Model with Extreme Learning Machine

In today's competitive business environment, exponential increase of multimodal content results in a massive amount of shapeless data. Big data that is unstructured has no specific format or organisation and can take any form, including text, audio, photos, and video. Many assumptions and algorithms are generally required to recognize different emotions as per literature survey, and the main focus for emotion recognition is based on single modality, such as voice, facial expression and bio signals. This paper proposed the novel technique in multimodal sentiment sensing with emotion recognition using artificial intelligence technique. Here the audio and visual data has been collected based on social media review and classified using hidden Markov model based extreme learning machine (HMM_ExLM). The features are trained using this method. Simultaneously, these speech emotional traits are suitably maximised. The strategy of splitting areas is employed in the research for expression photographs and various weights are provided to each area to extract information. Speech as well as facial expression data are then merged using decision level fusion and speech properties of each expression in region of face are utilized to categorize. Findings of experiments show that combining features of speech and expression boosts effect greatly when compared to using either speech or expression alone. In terms of accuracy, recall, precision, and optimization level, a parametric comparison was made

The Expanded and Diversified Calmodulin-Binding Protein 60 (CBP60) Family in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Is Conserved in Defense Responses against Pathogens

Plant disease management is key to sustainable production of staple food crops. Calcium (Ca2+) signal and phytohormones play critical roles in regulating plant defense responses against pathogens. The Ca2+ signals are sensed, decoded and transduced by calmodulin and other Ca2+ -binding proteins, followed by interaction with and modulation of activities of target proteins such as calmodulin-binding proteins (CBPs). Members of the Arabidopsis CBP60 gene family, AtCBP60g and AtSARD1, have emerged as major regulators of immune responses. In this study, we identified a 15 member CBP60 gene family in rice (Oryza sativa) of which OsCBP60g-3, OsCBP60g-4, OsCBP60a and OsSARD-like1 genes were consistently upregulated in rice seedlings in response to infection with both fungal (Magnaporthe oryzae) and bacterial (Xanthomonas oryzae) pathogens as well as by salicylic acid (SA). OsCBP60g-4 and OsCBP60g-3 were induced maximally by SA and brassinosteroid (BR), respectively, and OsCBP60g-4 was expressed at 3-fold higher levels in the M. oryzae resistant rice genotype (IC-346004) as compared to the susceptible rice genotype (Rajendra Kasturi). The considerable expansion of the immunity clade and the up-regulation of several OsCBP60 genes in response to pathogens and defense hormones supports the importance of further investigating OsCBP60 genes as targets for increasing disease resistance in rice

Factors Influencing Adoption of Climate-Friendly Oxo-Biodegradable Jan Ausadhi Suvidha Sanitary Napkins among Women in India

With the aim of making and providing generic drugs available at a cheap cost to everyone across the country, "Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Jan Ausadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) was launched and under this PMBJP (can be translated in English as Prime Minister Indian Mass Medicine Scheme) scheme, Jan Ausadhi Suvidha Sanitary Napkins were launched to provide biodegradable sanitary napkins at less price for women of the country. Menstruation is a part of women’s life and menstrual hygiene product is the basic need for women to face this menstruation period. There are many health issues that were faced by women during menstruation and the sanitary napkins used during menstruation causes different pollution. For the purpose of safeguarding the health, financial affordability of Indian women this suvidha sanitary napkin was launched. Earlier in rural areas by abandoning non-biodegradable sanitary napkin a lot of pollution was caused but now it is under check. In order to assess the “Factors influencing adoption of climate-friendly Oxo- biodegradable Jan Ausadhi Suvidha Sanitary Napkins among women in India” Muzaffarpur district of Bihar was selected as locale of research and two blocks Muraul and Sakra have been selected for the study, as these blocks found with established structures of Jan Ausadhi Kendras. From each blocks 40 respondents were selected and all these selected respondents known to this scheme or having experience in using Jan Ausadhi Suvidha Sanitary napkins. So, total number of respondents were 80. Statistical tool such as Binary logistic analysis revealed that Profession and Annual income were significant at 5 percent level and variables like AWARE PMBJP and Marital status were significant at 10 percent level and all significant factors determine the adoption of climate-friendly bio-degradable Jan Ausadhi Suvidha Sanitary Napkins. The result of the study of the impact on women will surely be used to enhance the health status of women and also compliment Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

SCREENING OF ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM NATURAL ECOSYSTEM (PERIYAR TIGER RESERVE, KERALA) FOR LIPASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to screen pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of crude extracts of actinomycetes species isolated from the soil sediments of Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala. The identified lipase inhibitory activity was partially purified, and the selected isolate was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Methods: The preliminary screening for the extracellular lipase inhibitory activities of actinomycetes isolates was performed by inoculating the culture to the test tubes containing inoculation media in submerged condition. The lipase inhibitory activities were again evaluated based on secondary screening on the production media and the strain which produced consistent highest lipase inhibitory activity was selected for further studies. The crude extract from the selected strain was subjected to solvent extraction and partially purified by plain silica gel column (mesh size 100–200 μm; column 300 mm×18 mm) and eluted with different solvents in the increasing order of polarity and all the solvent fractions were checked for lipase inhibitory activity. Results: Based on the secondary screening on the production of media, DDE6 strain showed highest lipase inhibitory activity (96.2%) and was selected for further studies. The dichloromethane extract showed the highest lipase inhibitory activity (96.38%) when compared to other solvents. The partial 16S rRNA sequence analysis of DDE6 isolate confirmed the strain as Curtobacterium oceanosedimentum. Conclusion: Many research publications have reported the isolation of Curtobacterium species and its type strains. However, this is the first time to report its potential to produce lipase inhibitor metabolite under submerged fermentation conditions. Further, studies are needed to be conducted to characterize the active principle of lipase inhibition as well as to elucidate the structure of the extracted compound

Dr Preeti Malhotra: Assistant professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pacific Institute of Medical sciences, Udaipur.

Objective- Knowing the ideal levels of T3, T4, FT3, FT4 and TSH for each pregnancy trimester is the goal. Methodology-The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences in Udaipur treated 150 patients (obstetric cases) for the current longitudinal research. The following parameters were examined for in a fasting blood sample: T3 (Triiodothyronine) (Triiodothyronine). T4 (Thyroxine), FT3, FT4 and TSH, (Thyrotropin Stimulating Hormone). Results- As a result, thyroid profile readings in every group (I, II and III trimester) were increased and were maximum in second group or second trimester followed by third. The levels above the normal range were in 39 (12+12+15) women of all the groups. In conclusion, the second trimester of pregnancy saw the greatest increase in thyroid hormones readings. Thyroid profile was lower during the first trimester, particularly at par during the second, and decreased in third trimester.&nbsp