TESTING OF THREE-FUEL MIXTURE IN A FOUR-STROKE SINGLE CYLINDER DIRECT INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE

This paper deals with non-petroleum renewable and non-polluting fuels. The performance study has been carried out for three-fuel mixture in an Internal Combustion engine. The three-fuel mixture consist of diesel, turpentine blend and acetylene gas. Acetylene gas is produced from lime stone (CaCO3) and turpentine oil is obtained from pine trees. The performance of the three-fuel mixture has been analyzed experimentally in a single cylinder direct injection and compression ignition engine with diesel and turpentine blend as primary fuel and acetylene as secondary gaseous fuel i.e., diesel and turpentine blend (40% turpentine(40T) and 60% diesel) were considered for the study. The results have shown that the blend and the acetylene gas flow rate of 3 liters per minute (through a gas flow meter) offer higher brake thermal efficiency by between 1% and 3% than the fuel of the baseline diesel operation

Servelle-Martorell syndrome with extensive upper limb involvement: a case report

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Hypothermia for moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries (HELIX): a randomised controlled trial in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh

Background: Although therapeutic hypothermia reduces death or disability after neonatal encephalopathy in high-income countries, its safety and efficacy in low-income and middle-income countries is unclear. We aimed to examine whether therapeutic hypothermia alongside optimal supportive intensive care reduces death or moderate or severe disability after neonatal encephalopathy in south Asia. Methods: We did a multicountry open-label, randomised controlled trial in seven tertiary neonatal intensive care units in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. We enrolled infants born at or after 36 weeks of gestation with moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy and a need for continued resuscitation at 5 min of age or an Apgar score of less than 6 at 5 min of age (for babies born in a hospital), or both, or an absence of crying by 5 min of age (for babies born at home). Using a web-based randomisation system, we allocated infants into a group receiving whole body hypothermia (33·5°C) for 72 h using a servo-controlled cooling device, or to usual care (control group), within 6 h of birth. All recruiting sites had facilities for invasive ventilation, cardiovascular support, and access to 3 Tesla MRI scanners and spectroscopy. Masking of the intervention was not possible, but those involved in the magnetic resonance biomarker analysis and neurodevelopmental outcome assessments were masked to the allocation. The primary outcome was a combined endpoint of death or moderate or severe disability at 18–22 months, assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (third edition) and a detailed neurological examination. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02387385. Findings: We screened 2296 infants between Aug 15, 2015, and Feb 15, 2019, of whom 576 infants were eligible for inclusion. After exclusions, we recruited 408 eligible infants and we assigned 202 to the hypothermia group and 206 to the control group. Primary outcome data were available for 195 (97%) of the 202 infants in the hypothermia group and 199 (97%) of the 206 control group infants. 98 (50%) infants in the hypothermia group and 94 (47%) infants in the control group died or had a moderate or severe disability (risk ratio 1·06; 95% CI 0·87–1·30; p=0·55). 84 infants (42%) in the hypothermia group and 63 (31%; p=0·022) infants in the control group died, of whom 72 (36%) and 49 (24%; p=0·0087) died during neonatal hospitalisation. Five serious adverse events were reported: three in the hypothermia group (one hospital readmission relating to pneumonia, one septic arthritis, and one suspected venous thrombosis), and two in the control group (one related to desaturations during MRI and other because of endotracheal tube displacement during transport for MRI). No adverse events were considered causally related to the study intervention. Interpretation: Therapeutic hypothermia did not reduce the combined outcome of death or disability at 18 months after neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries, but significantly increased death alone. Therapeutic hypothermia should not be offered as treatment for neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries, even when tertiary neonatal intensive care facilities are available. Funding: National Institute for Health Research, Garfield Weston Foundation, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Translations: For the Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Singhalese, Tamil, Marathi and Bangla translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section

Patterning of Vibrio spp. on oxide dots of silicon for the development of biosensor

1796-1798Block Spot Syndrome is one of the most serious bacterial diseases in Penaeus monodon (Fab.) caused by Vibrio spp. which mainly affects the fresh water prawn industry and marine ecosystem. In this study, a unique attempt is made to determine this bacterial infection by attaching the V. harveyi cells on pre-determined oxide dots on silicon substrate. Silicon oxide dots fabricated by using an in-house made device, is comparably inexpensive, trouble-free and fast for large area patternings than the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) anodic oxidation method. The attachment of Vibrio spp. on the silicon oxide pattern is confirmed by the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) surface morphology and topography analysis by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

Anomalies in ultrasonic velocity and attenuation in Nd<SUB>0.67</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.33</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB> perovskite

Temperature dependence of ultrasonic and electrical properties of Nd0.67Sr0.33MnO3 perovskite has been investigated based on the proposed phase diagram employing ultrasonic parameters. We demonstrate the ferromagnetic state below ferromagnetic phase transition temperature TC (&#8776;234 K) and a transition from charge disordered ferromagnetic (FM) metal to charge ordered antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulating state around charge ordering temperature TCO (&#8776;194 K). The existence of spin-phonon interaction caused by a linear magnetostriction and electron-phonon interactio- originating from the Jahn-Teller effect have been discussed based on the observed anomalies in ultrasonic parameters, which arise from the competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions