The interplay between viral-derived miRNAs and host immunity during infection

MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression during cellular processes. The host-encoded miRNAs are known to modulate the antiviral defense during viral infection. In the last decade, multiple DNA and RNA viruses have been shown to produce miRNAs known as viral miRNAs (v-miRNAs) so as to evade the host immune response. In this review, we highlight the origin and biogenesis of viral miRNAs during the viral lifecycle. We also explore the role of viral miRNAs in immune evasion and hence in maintaining chronic infection and disease. Finally, we offer insights into the underexplored role of viral miRNAs as potential targets for developing therapeutics for treating complex viral diseases

Solution of Travelling Salesman Problem based on Metaheuristic Techniques

The traveling salesman problem is a classic problem in combinatorial optimization. This problem is to find the shortest path that a salesman should take to traverse through a list of cities and return to the origin city. The list of cities and the distance between each pair are provided. It is an NP-complete problem i.e., class of computational problem for which no efficient solution algorithm has been found, presently there is no polynomial solution available. In this paper, we try to solve this very hard problem using various heuristics such as Simulated Annealing, Genetic Algorithm to find a near-optimal solu-tion as fast as possible. We try to escape the local optimum, using these advanced heu-ristic techniques

Diversity of Spiders in Kukrail Reserve Forest, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Spiders belong to order Araneae of Class Arachnida and phylum Arthropoda. The present study was carried out to investigate the diversity of spiders in Kukrail Reserve Forest, located in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Kukrail Reserve is a subtropical dry deciduous forest, covering an area of 5,000 hectare, located on the co-ordinates N-26054’ 399’, E-080 59’ 046’.The study was conducted from December 2013 to September 2014. During the study a total of 61 Spider species were identified belonging to 45 genera & 16 families. Out of this, majority of spiders were belonging to family Salticidae followed by Araneidae. Total species reported here represents about 25% of total spider families found in India

Microstructural Evolution and Mechanism of Strengthening in Al-Zn/fly ash/ ZrO2 Composites Fabricated Through a Vortex

This paper describes fabrication of aluminium-zinc (Al-Zn) alloy (AZ91E) metal matrix composites augmented with Fly Ash (FA) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) particulate utilising the vortex method and a stir casting process. The researchers introduced composites with ZrO2and fly ash at varied weight % ranging from 0 to 10 with 53 µm particle sizes. The inclusion of ZrO2 particle reinforcement increased the hardness significantly, whereas the ultimate yield and tensile strengths increased somewhat. As the weight % of ZrO2 particles was increased, the permeability and density of Al-Zn alloy based composites increasing. Additionally, the compressive and tensile crack properties of the composites produced were investigated. Microstructural analyses confirmed the presence of evenly dispersed FA and ZrO2 particles throughout the matrix, but an EBSD study revealed that this led to diminished reduction. The inclusion of FA particles enhanced the material’s tensile properties and hardness including ultimate yield and tensile strengths. The strengthening mechanisms underlying the enhanced properties were discussed

Microstructural Evolution and Mechanism of Strengthening in Al-Zn/fly ash/ ZrO2 Composites Fabricated Through a Vortex

This paper describes fabrication of aluminium-zinc (Al-Zn) alloy (AZ91E) metal matrix composites augmented with Fly Ash (FA) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) particulate utilising the vortex method and a stir casting process. The researchers introduced composites with ZrO2and fly ash at varied weight % ranging from 0 to 10 with 53 µm particle sizes. The inclusion of ZrO2 particle reinforcement increased the hardness significantly, whereas the ultimate yield and tensile strengths increased somewhat. As the weight % of ZrO2 particles was increased, the permeability and density of Al-Zn alloy based composites increasing. Additionally, the compressive and tensile crack properties of the composites produced were investigated. Microstructural analyses confirmed the presence of evenly dispersed FA and ZrO2 particles throughout the matrix, but an EBSD study revealed that this led to diminished reduction. The inclusion of FA particles enhanced the material’s tensile properties and hardness including ultimate yield and tensile strengths. The strengthening mechanisms underlying the enhanced properties were discussed

Context-NER : Contextual Phrase Generation at Scale

NLP research has been focused on NER extraction and how to efficiently extract them from a sentence. However, generating relevant context of entities from a sentence has remained under-explored. In this work we introduce the task Context-NER in which relevant context of an entity has to be generated. The extracted context may not be found exactly as a substring in the sentence. We also introduce the EDGAR10-Q dataset for the same, which is a corpus of 1,500 publicly traded companies. It is a manually created complex corpus and one of the largest in terms of number of sentences and entities (1 M and 2.8 M). We introduce a baseline approach that leverages phrase generation algorithms and uses the pre-trained BERT model to get 33% ROUGE-L score. We also do a one shot evaluation with GPT-3 and get 39% score, signifying the hardness and future scope of this task. We hope that addition of this dataset and our study will pave the way for further research in this domain.Comment: 12 pages, 2 Figures, 1 Algorithm, 8 Tables. Accepted in NeurIPS 2022 - Efficient Natural Language and Speech Processing (ENLSP) Worksho