Intermodal entanglement in Raman processes

The operator solution of a completely quantum mechanical Hamiltonian of the Raman processes is used here to investigate the possibility of obtaining intermodal entanglement between different modes involved in the Raman processes (e.g. pump mode, Stokes mode, vibration (phonon) mode and anti-Stokes mode). Intermodal entanglement is reported between a) pump mode and anti-Stokes mode, b) pump mode and vibration (phonon) mode c) Stokes mode and vibration phonon mode, d) Stokes mode and anti-stokes mode in the stimulated Raman processes for the variation of the phase angle of complex eigenvalue $\alpha_{1}$ of pump mode $a$. Some incidents of intermodal entanglement in the spontaneous and the partially spontaneous Raman processes are also reported. Further it is shown that the specific choice of coupling constants may produce genuine entanglement among Stokes mode, anti-Stokes mode and vibration-phonon mode. It is also shown that the two mode entanglement not identified by Duan's criterion may be identified by Hillery-Zubairy criteria. It is further shown that intermodal entanglement, intermodal antibunching and intermodal squeezing are independent phenomena.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Implementation of Energy Saver Circuit using 8051 Microcontroller

In this paper, we have proposed the development of a module based on 8051 microcontroller that allows us to operate a 220V AC lamp with a remote control and regulate the intensity of the lamp as per our needs. The ability to control the intensity of the lamp according to our requirement waives of unwanted wastage of energy thus providing an economic relief and reducing wastage of primary energy sources at this hour of shortage of non-renewable energy sources. Remote control provides an interface to the system that is simple to understand, operate, reliable and durable irrespective of usage and also economical. It adds comfort to our daily life by eliminating unwanted movement to operate the appliances. Remote control facilitates controlling various appliances from a convenient distance. The module is easy to install,convenient to use, energy saving and also cost effective without allowing compensation of efficiency

Случай раннего выявления метастазов в бедренной кости у больного раком полового члена

Background. Bone metastasis is very common in the advanced stage of numerous carcinomas. In penile carcinoma, lymph nodes metastasis is somehow common but it is very rare reported to be secondary from penile cancer. till the date, there are only few cases of penis carcinoma reported bone metastasis in literature worldwide.Case Presentation. Herein, We presented a 51-year-old Nepalese male with squamous cell carcinoma of penis. computed tomography (ct) scan of the patient revealed that there was carcinoma involving glans penis and precure with bilateral external & internal inguinal lymphadenopathies. After then, the patient was under gone for partial penectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy and complete 6-cycle chemotherapy. After one year of treatment, patient developed thigh pain and headache and he advised to have magnetic Resonance imaging (mRi) of brain, 99mTc-MDP whole body bone scan and ct scan of pelvis and thigh. The examination report reveals that there was a sclerotic change in vertex of skull bone and moderate 99mTc-MDP uptake in right proximal shaft of femur just below the neck d/d metastasis. The histopathological examination of the true cut biopsy taken from the lesion of the femur showed metastatic keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma which is rare case of femoral shaft bone metastasis secondary from penile carcinoma. Then patient was sent for surgical reconstruction of femur. Based on the case studies review femur shaft bone metastasis from penile cancer is extremely rare.Conclusion. The best of our knowledge; this is the first early detected bone metastases to shaft of the femur in a patient with penile cancer. early diagnosis helps to radical treatment as well as palliative treatment. surgery is the preferred option of the treatments, especially for metastatic foci in the long bones.Аннотация Метастазы в кости часто встречаются на поздних стадиях разных злокачественных новообразований. Для рака полового члена характерно лимфогенное метастазирование, костные метастазы встречаются очень редко. На данный момент в мировой литературе зарегистрировано лишь несколько случаев рака полового члена с метастазами в кости.Описание клинического случая. Мы представляем описание клинического случая плоскоклеточного рака полового члена у 51-летнего мужчины из Непала. Компьютерная томография (КТ) выявила рак полового члена, локализованный на головке и крайней плоти с двусторонней паховой лимфаденопатией. Пациенту выполнена частичная пенэктомия, двусторонняя паховая лимфаденэктомия, проведено 6 курсов адъювантной химиотерапии. Через один год после завершения лечения у пациента появились боли в бедре и головная боль, рекомендована МРТ головного мозга, сканирование костей скелета с 99mTc-MDP и КТ таза и бедра. Обследование показало наличие склеротических изменений в теменной кости черепа и умеренное накопление 99mTc-MDP в проксимальном отделе правом бедренной кости ниже шейки. Гистологическое исследование биоптата, взятого из очага в бедренной кости, выявило метастаз ороговевающего плоскоклеточного рака, что является редким случаем метастазирования рака полового члена в диафиз бедренной кости. Пациент был направлен на хирургическую реконструкцию бедренной кости. Согласно обзору клинических исследований, метастазы в диафизе бедренной кости при раке полового члена встречаются крайне редко.Заключение. Представлен первый случай раннего выявления костных метастазов в диафизе бедренной кости у пациента с раком полового члена. Ранняя диагностика помогает как радикальному, так и паллиативному лечению. Хирургическое вмешательство является предпочтительным вариантом лечения, особенно при метастатических очагах в длинных костях

Identification of Shocks in the Spectra from Black Holes

We study the spectral properties of a low angular momentum flow as a function of the shock strength, compression ratio, accretion rate and flow geometry. In the absence of a satisfactory description of magnetic fields inside the advective disk, we consider the presence of only stochastic fields and use the ratio of the field energy to the gravitational energy density as a parameter. We not only include `conventional' synchrotron emission and Comptonization by Maxwell-Bolzmann electrons in the gas, but we also compute these effects due to power-law electrons. For strong shocks, a bump is produced due to the post-shock flow. A power-law spectral components due to the thermal and non-thermal electrons appear after this bump.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, Astronomy and Space Science (in press), Proceedings of the Hong Kong Conference (2004) Edited by Cheng and Romer

The role of life events in obsessive-compulsive disorders

Background: A small number of studies are available to assess the role of stressful life events (SLEs) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The previous studies have reported contradictory results and they have methodological limitations. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of our study are (i) to find out the frequency of life events in patients with OCD in comparison to their matched healthy controls and (ii) to find out the impact of life events on the severity of the disorder. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients fulfilling Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, 5th edition (DSM-V) criteria of OCD were rated with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale (PSLES). A group of 60 normal controls were also rated on PSLES. Finally, both groups were compared in terms of life events. Results: The frequency of life events, past 1 year (t=5.307, P=0.006) and lifetime (t=11.527, P<0.001), were significantly higher in the patient group in comparison to controls. PSLES scores showed a significant correlation with Y-BOCS total scores, Y-BOCS obsession scores, and HAM-A scores. There was a positive correlation between past 1 year PSLES score and HAM-D scores. Step-wise linear regression analysis showed PSLES scores significantly positively predicted Y-BOCS total score, Y-BOCS obsession score, and Y-BOCS compulsion score. Conclusion: Life events were significantly more frequent in OCD patients both past 1 year and lifetime, as compared to healthy controls. The severity of obsessive compulsive symptoms was found to be directly proportional to the number of SLEs experienced in the past 1 year and lifetime

MTA1 Interacts with MAT1, a cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase complex ring finger factor and regulates estrogen receptor transactivation functions

The transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor-&#945; is controlled by coregulators. MTA1 (metastasis-associated protein1) represses estrogen receptor-&#945;-driven transcription by recruiting Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) to the estrogen response element containing target gene chromatin in breast cancer cells. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen with the MTA1 C-terminal domain as bait, we identified MAT1 (menage a trois 1) as an MTA1-binding protein. MAT1 is an assembly/targeting factor for cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase (CAK), which has been shown to functionally interact with general transcriptional factor TFIIH, a known inducer of ER transactivation. We show that estrogen signaling promotes nuclear translocation of MAT1 and that MTA1 interacts with MAT1 both in vitro and in vivo. MAT1 binds to the C-terminal 389–441 amino acids GATA domain and N-terminal 1–164 amino acids bromo-domain of MTA1, whereas MTA1 binds to the N-terminal ring finger domain of the MAT1. In addition, MAT1 interacts with the activation function 2 domain of ER and colocalizes with ER in activated cells. MTA1 deregulation in breast cancer cells led to its interactions with the CAK complex components, ER and HDAC2. Accordingly, MTA1 inhibited CAK stimulation of ER transactivation that was partially relieved by HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A, suggesting that MTA1 might inhibit CAK-induced transactivation function of ER by recruiting HDAC. Furthermore, MTA1 overexpression inhibited the ability of CAK complex to phosphorylate ER. Together, these findings identified MAT1 as a target of MTA1 and provided new evidence to suggest that the transactivation functions of ER might be influenced by the regulatory interactions between CAK and MTA1 in breast cancer cells

Regulation of elongation factor-1&#945; expression by growth factors and anti-receptor blocking antibodies

The Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) family and its receptors regulate normal and cancerous epithelial cell proliferation, a process that could be suppressed by anti-receptor blocking antibodies. Polypeptide elongation factor-1&#945; (EF-1&#945;) is a multifunctional protein whose levels are positively correlated with the proliferative state of cells. To identify genes, whose expression may be modulated by anti-receptor blocking antibodies, we performed a differential display screening and isolated differentially expressed cDNAs. Isolates from one clone were 100% identical to human EF-1&#945;. Both EGF and heregulin-&#946;1 (HRG) induced EF-1&#945; promoter activity and mRNA and protein expression. Growth factor-mediated EF-1&#945; expression was effectively blocked by pretreatment with humanized anti-EGF receptor antibody C225 or anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) antibody herceptin. Mutants and pharmacological inhibitors of p38MAPK and MEK, but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, suppressed both constitutive and HRG-induced stimulation of EF-1&#945; promoter activity in MCF-7 cells. Deletion analysis of the promoter suggested the requirement of the −393 to −204 region for growth factor-mediated transcription of EF-1&#945;. Fine mapping and point mutation studies revealed a role of the SP1 site in the observed HRG-mediated regulation of the EF-1&#945; promoter. In addition, we also provide new evidence to suggest that HRG stimulation of the EF-1&#945; promoter involves increased physical interactions with acetylated histone H3 and histone H4. These results suggest that regulation of EF-1&#945; expression by extracellular signals that function through human EGF receptor family members that are widely deregulated in human cancers and that growth factor regulation of EF-1&#945; expression involve histone acetylation

The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure

Activation of macrocyclic enediynes by transannular cyclization

Two N-protected macrocyclic enediynes have been synthesized by intramolecular N-alkylation. The smaller 12-membered enediyne, upon deprotection, yields a stable amine. In contrast, the amine generated from the 13-membered enediyne forms the aminol, which in turn undergoes a spontaneous Bergman cyclization

Liposome as an Adjuvant for the Production of Estradiol Antibodies

Mice immunized with liposome associated estradiol-bovine serum albumin conjugate (E2-BSA) showed a significantly higher estradiolspecific immune response than did mice injected with the free conjugate. The conjugation of estradiol with BSA is imperative, since injection of liposomes with estradiol in the lipid bilayer was found to be ineffective in inducing an immune response. Entrapment of E2-BSA in neutral and positively charged liposomes was found to be a potent mode of immunostimulation, even better than emulsification in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Covalent liposome surface association of E2-BSA induced a good immunopotentiation. However, the response was lower than that observed with the entrapped conjugate. The affinity and the specificity of antisera, raised in different ways, were determined