Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota)

In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota)

55 Pág.In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.This work was supported in part through the Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, prime contract with the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infec tious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. U.J.B. was supported by the Division of Intramural Resarch, NIAID. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S and T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Centre, a federally funded research and development centre operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowl edges support from the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), USDA-ARS project 58-6066-9-033 and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project, under Accession Number 1021494. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Department of the Army, the U.S. Department of Defence, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, including the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S and T), or of the institutions and companies affiliated with the authors. In no event shall any of these entities have any responsibility or liability for any use, misuse, inability to use, or reliance upon the information contained herein. The U.S. departments do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S.Government retains a non-exclusive, paid up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.Peer reviewe

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Not AvailableThe coat protein (CP) gene of two isolates of Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) from India was sequenced and found to be 864 bp, encoding a protein with 288 amino acids. The CP sequences of both the isolates were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers KF724857 and KP168262 corresponding to the isolates AC-50 and PGS-14, respectively. The Indian isolates of LYSV shared maximum nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) identities of 85% and 90% respectively with that of Myanmar isolate (AB551622). Nt and aa based sequence identities of two Indian LYSV isolates with the corresponding sequences of 34 other LYSV isolates from worldwide revealed that, Indian isolate shared 77-84% and 80-90% identity respectively among themselves. It showed 5.3 % diversity between the Indian isolates and 23 % diversity among the isolates reported worldwide. Amino acid sequence comparison showed high variability at N-terminal region of CP gene of LYSV. Phylogenetic analysis of CP sequences of 36 isolates comprising India and other isolates from world segregated them into two major groups (major group I and major group II). The Indian isolates were clustered with isolates of Myanmar (AB551622) and Japan (AB194640) in subgroup III of major group II. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that Indian isolate is closely related to an isolate from Myanmar (AB551622). The present study comprises the first report on unravelling the molecular variability existing among the LYSV isolatesNot Availabl

Identification and Characterization of a Garlic Virus E Genome in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Using High-Throughput Sequencing from India

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) plants exhibiting mosaics, deformation, and yellow stripes symptoms were identified in Meerut City, Uttar Pradesh, India. To investigate the viruses in the garlic samples, the method of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) was used. Complete genome of the garlic virus E (GarV-E) isolate (NCBI accession No. MW925710) was retrieved. The virus complete genome comprises 8450 nucleotides (nts), excluding the poly (A) tail at the 3′ terminus, with 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of 99 and 384 nts, respectively, and ORFs encoding replicase with a conserved motif for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), TGB1, TGB2, TGB3, serine-rich protein, coat protein, and nucleic acid binding protein (NABP). The sequence homology shared 83.49–90.40% and 87.48–92.87% with those of GarV-E isolates available in NCBI at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship of this isolate from India (MW925710) with GarV-E isolate YH (AJ292230) from Zhejiang, China. The presence of GarV-E was also confirmed by RT-PCR. The present study is the first report of GarV-E in garlic cultivar Yamuna Safed-3 grown in northern India. However, further studies are needed to confirm its role in symptom development, nationwide distribution, genetic diversity, and potential yield loss to the garlic in India

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Not AvailableBemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a highly efficient vector in the spread of chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV, Begomovirus) which is a major constraint in the production of chilli in South Asia. Transcriptome analysis of B. tabaci post-6 h acquisition of ChiLCV showed differential expression of 80 (29 upregulated and 51 downregulated) genes. The maximum number of DEGs are categorized under the biological processes category followed by cellular components and molecular functions. KEGG analysis of DEGs showed that the genes are involved in the functions like metabolism, signaling pathways, cellular processes, and organismal systems. The expression of highly expressed 20 genes post-ChiLCV acquisition was validated in RT-qPCR. DEGs such as cytosolic carboxypeptidase 3, dual-specificity protein phosphatase 10, 15, dynein axonemal heavy chain 17, fasciclin 2, inhibin beta chain, replication factor A protein 1, and Tob1 were found enriched and favored the virus infection and circulation in B. tabaci. The present study provides an improved understanding of the networks of molecular interactions between B. tabaci and ChiLCV. The candidate genes of B. tabaci involved in ChiLCV transmission would be novel targets for the management of the B. tabaci-begomovirus complex.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableBemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a highly efficient vector in the spread of chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV, Begomovirus) which is a major constraint in the production of chilli in South Asia. Transcriptome analysis of B. tabaci post-6 h acquisition of ChiLCV showed differential expression of 80 (29 upregulated and 51 downregulated) genes. The maximum number of DEGs are categorized under the biological processes category followed by cellular components and molecular functions. KEGG analysis of DEGs showed that the genes are involved in the functions like metabolism, signaling pathways, cellular processes, and organismal systems. The expression of highly expressed 20 genes post-ChiLCV acquisition was validated in RT-qPCR. DEGs such as cytosolic carboxypeptidase 3, dual-specificity protein phosphatase 10, 15, dynein axonemal heavy chain 17, fasciclin 2, inhibin beta chain, replication factor A protein 1, and Tob1 were found enriched and favored the virus infection and circulation in B. tabaci. The present study provides an improved understanding of the networks of molecular interactions between B. tabaci and ChiLCV. The candidate genes of B. tabaci involved in ChiLCV transmission would be novel targets for the management of the B. tabaci-begomovirus complex.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the predominant tospovirus vector in Asia-Pacific region. It transmits economically damaging groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV, family Tospoviridae) in a persistent propagative manner. Thrips serve as the alternate host, and virus reservoirs making tospovirus management very challenging. Insecticides and host plant resistance remain ineffective in managing thrips–tospoviruses. Recent genomic approaches have led to understanding the molecular interactions of thrips–tospoviruses and identifying novel genetic targets. However, most of the studies are limited to Frankliniella species and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Amidst the limited information available on T. palmi–tospovirus relationships, the present study is the first report of the transcriptome-wide response of T. palmi associated with GBNV infection. The differential expression analyses of the triplicate transcriptome of viruliferous vs. nonviruliferous adult T. palmi identified a total of 2,363 (1,383 upregulated and 980 downregulated) significant transcripts. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed the abundance of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in innate immune response, endocytosis, cuticle development, and receptor binding and signaling that mediate the virus invasion and multiplication in the vector system. Also, the gene regulatory network (GRN) of most significant DEGs showed the genes like ABC transporter, cytochrome P450, endocuticle structural glycoprotein, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, heat shock protein 70, larval and pupal cuticle proteins, nephrin, proline-rich protein, sperm-associated antigen, UHRF1-binding protein, serpin, tyrosine–protein kinase receptor, etc., were enriched with higher degrees of interactions. Further, the expression of the candidate genes in response to GBNV infection was validated in reverse transcriptase-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). This study leads to an understanding of molecular interactions between T. palmi and GBNV and suggests potential genetic targets for generic pest control.Not Availabl

Complete Genomic RNA Sequence of Tuberose Mild Mosaic Virus and Tuberose Mild Mottle Virus Acquired by High-Throughput Sequencing

Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) is an ornamental flowering crop of the Amaryllidaceae family. Tuberose mild mosaic virus (TuMMV) and tuberose mild mottle virus (TuMMoV), members of the genus Potyvirus, are ubiquitously distributed in most tuberose growing countries worldwide with low biological incidence. Here, we report the first coding-complete genomic RNA of TuMMV and TuMMoV obtained through high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and further, the presence of both the viruses were confirmed using virus-specific primers in RT-PCR assays. Excluding the poly (A) tail, the coding-complete genomic RNA of TuMMV and TuMMoV was 9485 and 9462 nucleotides (nts) in length, respectively, and contained a single large open reading frame (ORF). Polyprotein encoded by both the viral genomes contained nine putative cleavage sites. BLASTn analysis of TuMMV and TuMMoV genomes showed 72.40–76.80% and 67.95–77% nucleotide sequence similarities, respectively, with the existing potyviral sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome sequences showed that TuMMV and TuMMoV clustered in a distinct clade to other potyviruses. Further studies are required to understand the mechanism of symptom development, distribution, genetic variability, and their possible threat to tuberose production in India

A Simplified Multiplex PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Six Viruses Infecting Diverse Chilli Species in India and Its Application in Field Diagnosis

Chilli is infected by at least 65 viruses globally, with a mixed infection of multiple viruses leading to severe losses being a common occurrence. A simple diagnostic procedure that can identify multiple viruses at once is required to track their spread, initiate management measures and manage them using virus-free planting supplies. The present study, for the first time, reports a simplified and robust multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of five RNA viruses, capsicum chlorosis orthotospovirus (CaCV), chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), large cardamom chirke virus (LCCV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), and a DNA virus, chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) infecting chilli. The developed mPCR employed six pairs of primer from the conserved coat protein (CP) region of the respective viruses. Different parameters viz., primer concentration (150–450 nM) and annealing temperature (50 °C), were optimized in order to achieve specific and sensitive amplification of the target viruses in a single reaction tube. The detection limit of the mPCR assay was 5.00 pg/µL to simultaneously detect all the target viruses in a single reaction, indicating a sufficient sensitivity of the developed assay. The developed assay showed high specificity and showed no cross-amplification. The multiplex PCR assay was validated using field samples collected across Northeast India. Interestingly, out of 61 samples collected across the northeastern states, only 22 samples (36%) were positive for single virus infection while 33 samples (54%) were positive for three or more viruses tested in mPCR, showing the widespread occurrence of mixed infection under field conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the development and field validation of the mPCR assay for six chilli viruses and will have application in routine virus indexing and virus management

Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota)

Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, prime contract with the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC, under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. U.J.B. was supported by the Division of Intramural Resarch, NIAID. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S and T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Centre, a federally funded research and development centre operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowledges support from the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), USDA-ARS project 58-6066-9-033 and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project, under Accession Number 1 021 494.National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. Division of Clinical Research. Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick. Frederick, MD, USA.Hokkaido Research Organization. Agricultural Research Department. Ornamental Plants and Vegetables Research Center. Takikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. US Horticultural Research Laboratory. Fort Pierce, FL, USA.D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology of N.F. Gamaleya National Center on Epidemiology and Microbiology of Ministry of Health of Russian Federation. Moscow, Russia.University of Ljubljana. Faculty of Medicine. Institute of Microbiology and Immunology. Ljubljana, Slovenia.Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria - Campus de Montegancedo. Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal. Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas. Pozuelo de Alarcón / Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas. Madrid, Spain.University of Georgia. Insitute of Bioinformatics. Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases. Athens, GA, USA.Greifswald-Insel Riems. Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut. Greifswald, Germany.Mississippi State University. Department of Biological Sciences. Mississippi State, MS, USA.ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute. Division of Plant Pathology. New Delhi, India.Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut. Institute of Diagnostic Virology. Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatologia y Modelizacion Agricola. Córdoba, Argentina.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral Special Pathogens Branch. Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology. Atlanta, GA, USA.Philipps-University Marburg. Institute of Virology. Marburg, Germany.Colorado State University. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology. Fort Collins, CO, USA.Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. Australia.Agroscope. Virology-Phytoplasmology Laboratory. Nyon, Switzerland.University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center. Albuquerque, NM, USA.Columbia University. Mailman School of Public Health. Center for Infection and Immunity, and Department of Epidemiology. New York, USA.French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Heath Safety. Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort. Ploufragan, France.National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Laboratory of Infectious Diseases. RNA Viruses Section. Bethesda, MD, USA.University of California. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry. Irvine, CA, USA.The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. Galveston, TX, USA.University of the Free State. National Health Laboratory Service and Division of Virology. Division of Virology. Bloemfontein, South Africa.Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Division Phytomedicine. Berlin, Germany.Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO, USA.Southwest University. Citrus Research Institute. National Citrus Engineering and Technology Research Center. Beibei, Chongqing, PR China.Instituto de Salud Carlos III. National Microbiology Center. Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit. Madrid, Spain.Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Bronx, NY, USA.Unite des Virus Emergents -Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207. Marseille, France.ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute. Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics. New Delhi, India.The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited. Auckland, New Zealand.National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick. Frederick, MD, USA.Universidad de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales. CIDEFI. La Plata, Argentina.The Scripps Research Institute. Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6. La Jolla, CA, USA.The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses. Galveston, TX, USA.Wageningen Bioveterinary Research. Department of Virology. Lelystad, Netherlands.Instituto de Patología Vegetal. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola. Córdoba, Argentina.ANSES Animal Health Laboratory. UMR 1161 Virology ANSES/INRAE/ENVA. Maisons-Alfort, France.United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases. Frederick, MD, USA.Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante. Bari, Italy.The University of Queensland. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation. St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.Centre International de Hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes. Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo di Bari, Valenzano, Italy.Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Berlin, Germany.University of Pittsburgh. School of Medicine. Pittsburgh, PA, USA.Robert Koch Institut. Berlin, Germany.University of Warwick. School of Life Sciences. Coventry, UK.Hacettepe University. Faculty of Medicine. Department of Medical Microbiology. Virology Unit. Ankara, Turkey.Museum Support Center. Smithsonian Institution. Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit. Suitland, MD, USA / Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. One Health Branch. Silver Spring, MD, USA / Smithsonian Institution-National Museum of Natural History. Department of Entomology. Washington, DC, USA / China National Rice Research Institute. Hangzhou, PR China.University of Cambridge. Department of Pathology. Cambridge, UK.Animal and Plant Health Agency. eybridge, Surrey, UK.World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland.Embrapa Cassava and Fruits. Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil.Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg. Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Halle/Saale, Germany.Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. La Plata, Argentina.Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. New York, NY, USA.Brandenburg State Office of Rural Development. Agriculture and Land Consolidation. Frankfurt, Germany.Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin. Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences. Division Phytomedicine. Berlin, Germany.Ministry of Education. Jilin University. College of Veterinary Medicine. Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research. State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases. Changchun, PR China / Georgetown University. School of Medicine. Division of Biomedical Graduate Research Organization. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Washington, DC, USA.Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Brno, CzechiaBoston University. National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories. Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine. Department of Virology, Immunology and Microbiology. Boston, MA, USA.Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut. Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine. WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research. Department of Virology. Hamburg, Germany.United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service / United States Naval Academy. Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit. Beltsville, MD, USA.Hosei University. Department of Clinical Plant Science. Koganei, Tokyo, Japan.Kochi Agricultural Research Center. Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.University of Helsinki. Department of Virology. Medicum, Helsinki, Finland.University of Zurich. Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty. Zurich, Switzerland.Auckland University of Technology. The School of Science. Auckland, New Zealand.Yamagata University. Faculty of Medicine. Department of Infectious Diseases. Yamagata, Japan / Osaka Metropolitan University. Graduate School of Veterinary Science / Osaka Metropolitan University. International Research Center for Infectious Diseases. Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fort Collins, CO, USA.Murdoch University. School of Veterinary Medicine. Murdoch, WA, Australia.Kobe University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.Huazhong Agricultural University. State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology. Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China.International Rice Research Institute. College. Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Freie Universität Berlin. Corporate Member. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Berlin Institute of Health. Institute of Virology. Berlin, Germany.Slovak Academy of Sciences. Biomedical Research Center. Institute of Virology. Bratislava, Slovakia.Linköping University. Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences. Linköping, Sweden.Okayama University. Institute of Plant Science and Resources. Kurashiki, Japan.National Institutes of Health. National Library of Medicine. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Bethesda, MD, USA.Institut Pasteur. Université Paris Cité. CNRS UMR6047. Archaeal Virology Unit. Paris, France.National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. Institute for Plant Protection. Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JapanUS Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center. Seattle, Washington, USA.KU Leuven. Rega Institute. Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit / University Hospitals Leuven. Department of Laboratory Medicine. Leuven, Belgium.The Ohio State University. College of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Veterinary Biosciences. Columbus, OH, USA.Ningbo University. Institute of Plant Virology. Ningbo, PR China.Illumina-China. Beijing, PR China.University of Louisville. School of Medicine. Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Louisville, KY, USA.The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited / The University of Auckland. School of Biological Sciences. Auckland, New Zealand.KU Leuven. Rega Institute. Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit. Leuven, Belgium.FIND - The Global Alliance for Diagnostics. Geneva, Switzerland.Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso-Campus Curauma. Instituto de Biología-Laboratorio de Genética Molecular. Valparaíso, Chile.United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. Toledo, OH, USA.Folkhalsomyndigheten. Stockholm, Sweden.Yamagata University. Department of Agriculture. Tsuruoka, Japan.Washington State University. Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center. Department of Plant Pathology. Prosser, WA, USA.Utsunomiya University. Utsunomiya, Japan.Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas. Valencia, Spain.Utsunomiya University. School of Agriculture. Utsunomiya, Japan.Novosibirsk State University. Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia.University of Wisconsin-Madison. Department of Pathobiological Sciences. Influenza Research Institute. Madison, USA.University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna. Institute of Virology. Vienna, Austria.Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences. College of Medicine. Dubai, United Arab Emirates.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Oklahoma State University. Institute for Biosecurity and Microbial Forensics. Stillwater. Oklahoma, USA.Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Department of Microbiology. New York, NY, USA.Universitat Politècnica de Valencia - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas. Valencia, Spain.Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Department of Microbiology, Medical School. National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever viruses. Thessaloniki, Greece.Robert Koch Institute. Genome Competence Center. Berlin, Germany / Cornell University. College of Veterinary Medicine. Baker Institute for Animal Health. Ithaca, NY, USA.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service. Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases. Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa.University of Georgia. College of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Population Health. Athens, GA, USA.Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences. Center for Translational Antiviral Research. Atlanta, GA, USA.International AIDS Vaccine Initiative. Vaccine Design and Development Laboratory. Brooklyn, NY, USA.Auckland University of Technology. The School of Science / The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited. Auckland, New Zealand.Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Office of Infectious Diseases. Division of Antivirals. Silver Spring, MD, USA.Instituto Biológico de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade de Brasília. Departamento de Biologia Celular. Brasília, DF, Brazil.Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular. Buenos Aires, Argentina.University of Florida. College of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Gainesville, Florida, USA.Tufts University Cummings. School of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Infectious Disease & Global Health. North Grafton, MA, USA.Mississippi State University. Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology. Mississippi, Mississippi State, USA.The University of Sydney. School of Medical Sciences. Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases. Sydney, Australia.University of Maryland. Department of Veterinary Medicine. College Park, MD, USA.National Agriculture and Food Research Organization. Institute for Plant Protection. Tsukuba, Japan.University Medical Center-University Freiburg. Faculty of Medicine. Freiburg, Germany.Western Sydney University. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment. Sydney, NSW, Australia.Sun Yat-sen University. Shenzhen, PR China.Institute of Forest Biodiversity. Division of Genetics and Tree Improvement. Hyderabad, India.Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea. Bioinformatics Unit. Bosisio Parini, Italy.Defence Science and Technology Laboratory. CBR Division. Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.Korea University. College of Medicine. Department of Microbiology. Seoul, Republic of Korea.Queensland University of Technology. Faculty of Health. School of Biomedical Sciences. Brisbane, QLD, Australia.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology. Viral Special Pathogens Branch. Atlanta, GA, USA.Colorado State University. College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology. Fort Collins, CO, USA.Hokkaido University. International Institute for Zoonosis Control. Division of Global Epidemiology. Sapporo, Japan.Shizuoka Professional University of Agriculture. Faculty of Agricultural Production and Management. Shizuoka, Japan.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta, GA, USA.Universidad San Sebastián. Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia. Fundación Ciencia & Vida. Centro Ciencia & Vida. Laboratorio de Virología Molecular. Santiago, Chile.Kyoto University. Institute for Life and Medical Sciences. Kyoto, Japan.Institut Pasteur de Guinée. Conakry, Guinea.Yangzhou University. Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses. College of Veterinary Medicine. Yangzhou, PR China.Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Changchun Veterinary Research Institute. Changchun, PR China.Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy. Torino, Italy.University of Arkansas System. Division of Agriculture. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology. Fayetteville, AR, USA.University Medical Centre Rotterdam. Erasmus MC. Department of Viroscience. Rotterdam, Netherlands.KU Leuven. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation. Leuven, Belgium.The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. Galveston, TX, USA.Wageningen University. Research, Biointeractions and Plant Health. Wageningen, Netherlands.National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center. Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.University of Queensland. School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences. St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.Washington State University. Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology. Pullman, WA, USA.North Carolina State University. Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology. Raleigh, NC, USA.Chinese Academy of Sciences. Wuhan Institute of Virology. Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety. Wuhan, PR China.Agricultural University of Athens. School of Agricultural Production, Infrastructure and Environment. Department of Crop Science. Plant Pathology Laboratory. Votanikos, Athens, Greece.Yokohama Plant Protection Station. Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.Zhejiang University. Institute of Insect Sciences. Hangzhou, PR China.Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO. Viçosa, MG, Brazil.Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Military Command Area. Xinjiang, PR China.Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops. Guangxi, PR China / Fudan University. School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute. Shanghai, PR China.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing, PR China.Pharmaq Analytiq. Bergen, Norway.Francis Crick Institute. Worldwide Influenza Centre. London, UK.Navarro, BeatrizIn April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV