LEARNet Dynamic Imaging Network for Micro Expression Recognition

Unlike prevalent facial expressions, micro expressions have subtle, involuntary muscle movements which are short-lived in nature. These minute muscle movements reflect true emotions of a person. Due to the short duration and low intensity, these micro-expressions are very difficult to perceive and interpret correctly. In this paper, we propose the dynamic representation of micro-expressions to preserve facial movement information of a video in a single frame. We also propose a Lateral Accretive Hybrid Network (LEARNet) to capture micro-level features of an expression in the facial region. The LEARNet refines the salient expression features in accretive manner by incorporating accretion layers (AL) in the network. The response of the AL holds the hybrid feature maps generated by prior laterally connected convolution layers. Moreover, LEARNet architecture incorporates the cross decoupled relationship between convolution layers which helps in preserving the tiny but influential facial muscle change information. The visual responses of the proposed LEARNet depict the effectiveness of the system by preserving both high- and micro-level edge features of facial expression. The effectiveness of the proposed LEARNet is evaluated on four benchmark datasets: CASME-I, CASME-II, CAS(ME)^2 and SMIC. The experimental results after investigation show a significant improvement of 4.03%, 1.90%, 1.79% and 2.82% as compared with ResNet on CASME-I, CASME-II, CAS(ME)^2 and SMIC datasets respectively.Comment: Dynamic imaging, accretion, lateral, micro expression recognitio

Case Report on Conjunctivitis an Outbreak Disease in Dehradun India

On July, 2023, the head of a GDMC, Dehradun similar eye symptoms among the students. We investigated the cluster to confirm the diagnosis, identify potential exposures, and propose recommendations. We defined a case as redness/watering/discharge from any eye among the students15 July, 2023 to 20 august 2023. We actively searched for the cases and calculated attack rates. We drew epicurve by date of symptoms onset. We conducted a Prospective cohort study of students and staff. We collected data on potential exposures and calculated Risk Ratio (RR), 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI), and Population Attributable Risk (PAR)

The whole language approach: my experience

What is the best way to teach young children a language? This topic has been baffling and creating a lot of deliberations among teachers and educationists. Although a lot of experiments have been done to address this issue and many innovative techniques have also been developed, but language teaching, particularly, depends on environment and circumstances. Each child develops his own understanding of language. It is in this context that I want to share my teaching experience

Epidemiologija, imunost, dijagnostika i mjere kontrole kod zaraznog ektima ovaca i koza - pregledni rad

Orf or contagious ecthyma is one of the contagious viral diseases responsible for economic losses to the countries rearing sheep and goats. This disease is characterized by its peculiar cutaneous lesions present mainly in the mouth region and less commonly on other sites, such as the abdomen and inguinal region. The unique immune-evasion properties of the orf virus results into short-term immunity both in natural infection as well as post-vaccination, as compared to other poxviruses associated with the presence of virulence genes namely VEGF, GIF (GM-CSF/IL2 inhibition factor), vIL10, VIR and apoptosis inhibitor etc. The disease mostly occurs in a mild form. However, the ability of the virus to cause repeated infection in the same animal, high morbidity in adults, mortality in young lambs and kids, its zoonotic nature, and its ability to cross-infect other species besides sheep and goats, make it an important disease globally. The disease is endemic to all the parts of India and causes marked economic losses. Diagnosis of orf mostly relies on conventional laboratory methods and few newer techniques are in use at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective vaccines and update the diagnostic methods used for orf, to specifically identify the pathogen and subsequently design the control strategy. In this review, we focused on the current status of orf, its geographical distribution, economic impact, virulence genes associated with the virus, molecular epidemiology and related approaches for diagnostics, immuno-prophylactics, anti-viral therapeutics that have been developed, and future perspectives for the control of this contagious disease.Zarazni ektim ovaca i koza jest virusna zarazna bolest koja uzrokuje gospodarske gubitke u zemljama koje se bave uzgojem ovaca i koza. Bolest je obilježena specifičnim kožnim lezijama, najčešće u području usta te, rjeđe, na drugim dijelovima tijela poput trbuha ili preponskog područja. Jedinstvena sposobnost orfvirusa za izbjegavanje imunosnog odgovora rezultira kratkotrajnom imunošću i u prirodnim infekcijama i poslije vakcinacije, a u usporedbi s drugim poksvirusima taj odgovor povezan je s prisutnošću gena virulencije VEGF, GIF (GM-CSF/IL2 faktor inhibicije), vIL10, VIR i inhibitorom apoptoze. Bolest se većinom pojavljuje u blagom obliku. Bez obzira na to, sposobnost virusa da uzrokuje ponovljene infekcije u iste životinje, visok pobol u odraslih jedinki, smrtnost u mlade janjadi i jaradi, zoonotska narav bolesti te sposobnost da uzrokuje križne infekcije u drugih vrsta osim ovaca i koza, čini ovu bolest važnom na globalnoj razini. Bolest je endemijska u svim dijelovima Indije i uzrokuje znatne gospodarske gubitke. Uglavnom se dijagnosticira konvencionalnim laboratorijskim metodama, a trenutačno se primjenjuje i nekoliko novih metoda. Potrebno je stoga razviti učinkovita cjepiva te poboljšati dijagnostičke metode koje će biti specifične za dokaz patogena i na kojima će se temeljiti mjere kontrole. U ovom radu pozornost je usredotočena na aktualno stanje u pogledu orfvirusa, njegovu zemljopisnu raširenost, gospodarski utjecaj, gene virulencije povezane s virusom, molekularnu epidemiologiju i pristupe u dijagnostici, imunoprofilaksu, dosad razvijene antivirusne lijekove te buduće perpsektive u kontroli ove zarazne bolesti

A Review on Most Opthalmic Viral Disease Conjunctivitivs (Eye Flu)

Ophthalmology clinics around the world see a lot of patients with conjunctivitis. Severe pain, impaired vision, and a painful pupillary reaction are all red flags for more serious intraocular disorders that should be taken into account while treating suspected cases of conjunctivitis. In patients with unusual findings and a chronic course, it is also important to have a complete medical and ocular history and do a comprehensive physical examination. The existence of a systemic ailment affecting the conjunctiva may be shown by concurrent findings on physical exam and pertinent history. The vast majority of cases of conjunctivitis still originate from viruses. Bacterial conjunctivitis is the second most prevalent cause of infectious conjunctivitis; however it is much less common than viral conjunctivitis. Nearly half of the population experiences allergic conjunctivitis, characterised by symptoms like itching, mucoid discharge, chemosis, and edoema of the eyelids. A patient with conjunctival irritation and discharge who has used preservative-containing eye drops regularly likely has toxic conjunctivitis. Timely diagnosis, proper classification of the various aetiologies, and suitable treatment are essential components of effective management of conjunctivitis

Efficient Neural Architecture Search for Emotion Recognition

Automated human emotion recognition from facial expressions is a well-studied problem and still remains a very challenging task. Some efficient or accurate deep learning models have been presented in the literature. However, it is quite difficult to design a model that is both efficient and accurate at the same time. Moreover, identifying the minute feature variations in facial regions for both macro and micro-expressions requires expertise in network design. In this paper, we proposed to search for a highly efficient and robust neural architecture for both macro and micro-level facial expression recognition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to design a NAS-based solution for both macro and micro-expression recognition. We produce lightweight models with a gradient-based architecture search algorithm. To maintain consistency between macro and micro-expressions, we utilize dynamic imaging and convert microexpression sequences into a single frame, preserving the spatiotemporal features in the facial regions. The EmoNAS has evaluated over 13 datasets (7 macro expression datasets: CK+, DISFA, MUG, ISED, OULU-VIS CASIA, FER2013, RAF-DB, and 6 micro-expression datasets: CASME-I, CASME-II, CAS(ME)2, SAMM, SMIC, MEGC2019 challenge). The proposed models outperform the existing state-of-the-art methods and perform very well in terms of speed and space complexity

Walking an unknown path : online learning

We are undergoing a crisis in the present times. The pandemic has totally upended the lives of people – the lockdown and its restrictions, social distancing and the closing of schools! The question that arose for us, teachers was: how we can connect with our students from afar, that too in a situation of uncertainty, mistrust and fear generated due to this mysterious virus? Learning had to continue and at first thought, the engagement over a distance mode came out to us as an instant possibility. At the same time, we had to anticipate the possible structure of the classroom in distance mode, something that was unknown terrain for all of us in the school

Neuroprotective effect of Dark Chocolate on ketamine-induced animal model of psychosis through the reversal of behavioral, biochemical and histopathological changes

The present study was designed to evaluate the antipsychotic-like activity of dark chocolate against Ketamine-induced psychosis in animals and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms for this activity. Dark chocolate (200, 400 mg/kg, along with diet), haloperidol (1mg/kg, i.p.), and olanzapine (5mg/kg, i.p) were administered daily to different groups of mice and rats; after 30 min Ketamine was injected for 21 successive days. The antipsychotic- like activity was assessed using an actophotometer, stereotypic behaviors, forced swim test (FST), and passive avoidance test. Dark Chocolate (DC) and olanzapine remarkably decreased the immobility period of Ketamine-treated mice in FST, indicating the beneficial effect of DC against depressive or negative symptoms of psychosis. There was no significant effect on the locomotor activity of the mice with the administration of DC, while it showed a reducing impact against stereotypic behaviors. Furthermore, DC significantly reduced the time taken by the rats to climb the pole, showing the effect of DC on cognition. In addition, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and tissue necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels were markedly decreased and increased GABA and enhanced reduced glutathione (GSH) levels with the treatment of DC. Furthermore, DC was also effective in reducing the ketamine induced hyperchromatic nuclei, perinuclear vacuolization, and dilated vascular channels in the cortex part of the brain. Behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological studies suggest the protective effect of DC against Ketamine induced psychosis

Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

The goal of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis or green tea extract (AQGTE) in chronic ethanol-induced albino rats. All animals were divided into 4 groups in the study for a 5-week duration. 50% ethanol was given orally to the rats with two doses (5 mg/kg bw and 10 mg/kg bw) of AQGTE. Ethanol administration caused a significant increase in the levels of plasma and serum enzymatic markers, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and nonenzymatic markers (cholesterol and triglycerides), lipid peroxidation contents, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and decreased the activities of total proteins, albumin, and cellular antioxidant defense enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). The elevation and reduction in these biochemical enzymes caused the damage in hepatocytes histologically due to the high production of ROS, which retards the antioxidant defense capacity of cell. AQGTE was capable of recovering the level of these markers and the damaged hepatocytes to their normal structures. These results support the suggestion that AQGTE was able to enhance hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects in vivo against ethanol-induced toxicity