QUANTIFICATION AND CORRELATION OF THE BIOACTIVE PHYTOCHEMICALS OF CROTON BONPLANDIANUM LEAVES OF SUB-HIMALAYAN REGION OF WEST BENGAL

Objective: Leaves of various herbs are rich in phytochemicals which may provide protection from various diseases. Therefore, the objective of the present study was preliminary screening of the phytochemicals like tannin, phlobatannin, cholesterol, glycoside, terpinoids, phenolics, flavonoid, steroid, anthraquinone, saponin, carbohydrate, alkaloid and protein in leaf of Croton bonplandianum Baill. and quantify some of these phytochemical. Method: Standardized biochemical and UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods were followed to analyze the phytochemical status of the leaves. Principal component analysis and correlation matrix on the basis of the quantity of the bioactive phytochemicals were performed in order to elucidate the interrelation between the various phytochemicals Result: Quite a high percentage of alkaloid (59.60 ± 4.79 g/100g), saponin (17.35 ± 1.35 g/100g), phenolic content (75.39 ± 3.19 mg/g), protein (55.04 ± 2.09 mg/g), lipid (37.53 ± 2.43 mg/g), tannin (26.18 ± 2.63 mg/100g), thiamine (26.18± 2.36 mg/100g) and very satisfactory quantity of riboflavin or vitamin B2 (0.55 ± 0.03 mg/100g), ascorbic acid (0.71 ± 0.05 mg/100g)  has been detected in the leaves of this plant. It is fascinating to note that the phenol with lipid and the riboflavin content have displayed almost linear positive correlation with correlation coefficient of 0.999. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that the leaf of C. bonplandianum possesses rich in various phytochemicals like alkaloid, total phenol, saponin, flavonoid, protein and tannin. These phytochemicals possess various bioactive properties and may be used as external therapeutic supplement. This study may lead to a new dimension regarding the medicinal value of C. bonplandianum

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF ALOE VERA LEAF CRUDE GEL IN CARRAGEENAN INDUCED ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RAT MODELS

Objectives: Current clinical treatment regimes for inflammatory diseases have different drawbacks including side effects of the drugs and the high cost of long term treatment. In the last few decades different promising herbal medicines have been explored for their anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects, but conclusive evidences are not available in the case of crude Aloe vera gel for its anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of the study was to document the protective and curative roles of orally administered and peritoneally injected crude wild Aloe vera gel in carrageenan-induced inflammation in a rat model. Methods: Inflammation was induced by injecting 1% carrageenan in the left hind paw of Wistar albino rat. Crude, unprocessed Aloe vera gel was peritoneally injected and orally fed to experimental and control rat groups to investigate its effect on paw joint edema by measuring the paw circumference with vernier caliper. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] cell viability assay was performed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of the gel. Results: Paw edema was brought to near normal levels in the experimental groups after the treatment with crude Aloe vera gel. Orally fed gel showed no cytotoxicity on macrophages and spleenocytes. Protective property of crude Aloe gel was also evident in both the experiments. Conclusion: Aloe vera crude gel has both protective and curative properties against inflammation

Anatomical pre-contoured plates in management of distal tibia fracture: a prospective study

Background: Distal tibial fractures are complex injuries with high complication rate. Management of such fractures are often complicated by soft tissue injuries. Precarious vascularity around distal tibia also results in high non-union rates. This study aims to study and analyse the outcome of distal tibia fracture managed by anatomical contoured plate. Methods: In this prospective observational study, we attempted to assess the functional and radiological outcome of distal tibia fracture managed by with distal tibia fracture with average follow up of 24 weeks. ORIF/MIPO with plating was done for fracture distal tibia with anatomical precontoured plates. Results: Patients were evaluated using AOFAS and measure of ankle range of motion. Average functional score was 88 with complications in 3 patients. Conclusions: We believe precontoured plates provide for better biological fixation than conventional plates

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory response by two formulations of Jatyadithailam in healing diabetic foot ulcers

Jatyadithailam is a polyherbal formulation used by Ayurvedic practitioners and clinically reportedfor the treatment of inflammation related ailment specifically in non-healing chronic foot ulcers. The study is focused to validate and compare the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI) and Yogagrantha (YG) formulations of Jatyadithailam in vitro, for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential. Antimicrobial activity of thailam was determined by broth microdilution method for its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and microbicidal activity (MBC/MFC). In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of varying concentrations was determined by assaying albumin denaturation inhibition, membrane stabilization (hypotonicity-induced hemolysis), heat induced hemolysis and antiproteinase activities for both the formulations. Highest bactericidal and fungicidal activity was recorded by AFI formulation of Jatyadithailam showing low MIC values compared to YG formulation. Of all the tested bacterial strains, both the formulations showed great bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Both the formulations exhibited significant dose dependent anti-denaturation and anti-proteinase effectively. The thailam also showed marked stabilization of human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane against thermal hemolysis. Our study confirmed AFI formulation of Jatyadithailam possessed better antimicrobial and significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory effect. AFI Jatyadithailam was more effective than YG formulation in terms of dose-dependence activity against infection causing microbes and toxic inflammatory mediators. The outcome of the study emphasizes the positive therapeutic potential of Jatyadithailam to combat infectious and inflammatory conditions

Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory response by two formulations of Jatyadi thailam in healing diabetic foot ulcers

489-498Jatyadi thailam is a polyherbal formulation used by Ayurvedic practitioners and clinically reported for the treatment of inflammation related ailment specifically in non-healing chronic foot ulcers. The study is focused to validate and compare the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI) and Yogagrantha (YG) formulations of Jatyadi thailam in vitro, for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential. Antimicrobial activity of thailam was determined by broth microdilution method for its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and microbicidal activity (MBC/MFC). In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of varying concentrations of Jatyadi thailam were determined by assaying albumin denaturation inhibition, membrane stabilization (hypotonicity-induced hemolysis), heat induced hemolysis and antiproteinase activities. Highest bactericidal and fungicidal activity was recorded by AFI formulation of Jatyadi thailam showing low MIC values compared to YG formulation. Of all the tested bacterial strains, both the formulations showed great bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Both the formulations exhibited significant dose dependent anti-denaturation and anti-proteinase activities. The thailam also showed marked stabilization of human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane against thermal hemolysis. Our study confirmed AFI formulation of Jatyadi thailam possessed better antimicrobial and significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory effect. AFI Jatyadi thailam was more effective than YG formulation in terms of dose-dependence activity against infection causing microbes and toxic inflammatory mediators. The outcome of the study emphasizes the positive therapeutic potential of Jatyadi thailam to combat infectious and inflammatory conditions

Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.

原著和名: トキハギョリウ科名: モクマオウ科 = Casuarinaceae採集地: 沖縄県 南大東島 (琉球 南大東島)採集日: 1987/11/25採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH009018国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-95901

Variation in Phytochemical Composition Reveals Distinct Divergence of (L.) Burm.f. From Other Species: Rationale Behind Selective Preference of in Nutritional and Therapeutic Use

In the present study, we have phytochemically characterized 5 different abundant Aloe species, including Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., using silylation followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry technique and compared the data using multivariate statistical analysis. The results demonstrated clear distinction of the overall phytochemical profile of A vera , highlighted by its divergent spatial arrangement in the component plot. Lowest correlation of the phytochemical profiles were found between A vera and A aristata Haw. (−0.626), whereas highest correlation resided between A aristata and A aspera Haw. (0.899). Among the individual phytochemicals, palmitic acid was identified in highest abundance cumulatively, and carboxylic acids were the most predominant phytochemical species in all the Aloe species. Compared to A vera , linear correlation analysis revealed highest and lowest correlation with A aspera ( R 2 = 0.9162) and A aristata ( R 2 = 0.6745), respectively. Therefore, A vera demonstrated distinct spatial allocation, reflecting its greater phytochemical variability

Radical Scavenging Activities of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Petal Extracts and its hepato-protection in CCl 4 -intoxicated mice

Abstract Background Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. has medicinal importance. Bioactive phytochemicals isolated from different parts of L. speciosa , have revealed hypoglycemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepato protective properties. Despite one report from Philippines detailing the use of L. speciosa as curative for fever and as well as diuretic, there is no experimental evidence about the hepatoprotective activity of the flower extracts. Methods Several spectroscopic methods, including GC\u2013MS, were used to characterize phytochemicals present in the petal extract of L. speciosa . Ethanol extract of petals was evaluated for anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging properties by using methods related to hydrogen atom transfer, single electron transfer, reducing power, and metal chelation. This study has also revealed the in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective properties of petal extract against carbon tetra chloride (CCl 4 )-induced liver toxicity in Swiss albino mice. Hepatoprotection in CCl 4 -intoxicated mice was studied with the aid of histology and different enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers of liver damage. Cytotoxicity tests were done using murein spleenocytes and cancareous cell lines, MCF7 and HepG2. Result GCMS of the extract has revealed the presence of several potential antioxidant compounds, of them \u3b3-Sitosterol and 1,2,3-Benzenetriol (Pyrogallol) were the predominant ones. The antioxidants activities of the flower-extract were significantly higher than curcumin (in terms of Nitric oxide scavenging activity; p \u2009=\u20090.0028) or ascorbic acid (in terms of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay; p \u2009=\u20090.0022). The damage control by the flower extract can be attributed to the reduction in lipid peroxidation and restoration of catalase activity. In vitro cytotoxicity tests have shown that the flower extract did not affect growth and survivability of the cell lines. It left beyond doubt that a flower of L. speciosa is a reservoir of antioxidant and hepatoprotective agents capable of reversing the damage inflicted by CCl 4 -intoxication. Conclusion Results from the present study may be used in developing a potential ..

Antioxidant activity of <i>Croton bonplandianus</i>.

<p><b>(A)</b>&<b>(B)</b> concentration dependent Total antioxidant activity and extent of Mo⁶⁺ reduction; <b>(C)</b> % inhibition of lipid peroxidation Vs standard trolox; <b>(D)</b> depicts remaining unneutralized lipid peroxides (ROO^●). Data expressed as mean ± S.D (n = 6). α p<0.05; β p<0.01; γ p<0.001; NS-Non significant when compared with standard.</p