Multilingual Tourist Assistance using ChatGPT: Comparing Capabilities in Hindi, Telugu, and Kannada

This research investigates the effectiveness of ChatGPT, an AI language model by OpenAI, in translating English into Hindi, Telugu, and Kannada languages, aimed at assisting tourists in India's linguistically diverse environment. To measure the translation quality, a test set of 50 questions from diverse fields such as general knowledge, food, and travel was used. These were assessed by five volunteers for accuracy and fluency, and the scores were subsequently converted into a BLEU score. The BLEU score evaluates the closeness of a machine-generated translation to a human translation, with a higher score indicating better translation quality. The Hindi translations outperformed others, showcasing superior accuracy and fluency, whereas Telugu translations lagged behind. Human evaluators rated both the accuracy and fluency of translations, offering a comprehensive perspective on the language model's performance.Comment: 6 page

A comparative study between ferrous carboxy maltose and iron sucrose in the management of post-partum anaemia in tertiary care hospital

Background: Anaemia is a global public health problem contributing tremendously to maternal morbidity and mortality. It is the most common indirect cause of maternal mortality. Variety of injectable iron preparations are now available which can be effective tools for combating post-partum anaemia. This study aims to compare FCM (Ferrous carboxy maltose) and iron sucrose in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in post-partum women at KIMS, Hubli, Karnataka, India.Methods: This study was conducted at KIMS, Hubli in the year 2018-19 wherein 100 post-partum women with hb levels ranging from 5-10g% were selected for the study and randomly allocated into 2 groups- FCM group and iron sucrose group. They were administered 1g of FCM and 1g of iron sucrose respectively after clinical evaluation and baseline measurement of hb. They were followed up after 2 weeks for repeat hb% and review of signs and symptoms. FCM and iron sucrose were compared in terms of their efficacy.Results: The mean increase in hb% was found to be 3.2 g% in the FCM group and 2 g% in the iron sucrose group. FCM was also found to be more efficacious in providing relief of common signs and symptoms like easy fatigability and pallor compared to iron sucrose.Conclusions: Ferrous carboxy maltose was found to be more efficacious compared to iron sucrose

Elective induction of labour at 39 weeks versus expectant management up to 41 weeks in a tertiary care centre

Background: The timing of delivery and effective management of labour at term makes a huge difference in the obstetric and perinatal outcome. There have always been controversies between choosing the elective induction of labour at 39 weeks versus expectant management up to 41/42 weeks which can result in placental ageing, reduced liquor, non-assuring fetal heart tracings, meconium stained amniotic fluid and fetal macrosomia.  our objective was to perform a comparative effectiveness analysis of elective induction of labor at 39 weeks gestational age among nulliparous women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies as compared to expectant management up to 41 weeks.Methods: 120 primigravidae with singleton pregnancies with fetus in cephalic presentation were recruited into the study and divided into 2 groups of 60 each A: Patients were induced electively using dinoprostone gel (maximum 3 doses 8 hours apart) B: They were managed expectantly up to 41 weeks allowing for spontaneous onset of labour, induction or cesarean section was done for obstetric indications between 39 and 41 weeks and pregnancy was  terminated by induction for those who continued up to 41 weeks. Their obstetric and perinatal outcome were noted.Results: The cesarean section rates were higher in the expectantly managed group (21%) when compared to the electively induced group (16%). The same was with instrumental delivery rates (15% versus 10%). The perinatal outcome was poorer for the expectantly managed group with 20% NICU admissions and 5% perinatal deaths compared to the electively induced group which had 12% NICU admissions and 3.3% perinatal deaths. The expectantly managed group also resulted in respiratory distress in a larger number of fetuses and resulted in problems due to reduced liquor.Conclusions: Elective induction at 39 weeks gestational age was found to be a better option compared to expectant management up to 41 weeks in terms of obstetric and perinatal outcomes

Swami Vivekananda and Social Change

We often wonder what would be the relevance of the message of a monk today, who was born more than 100 years ago, lived the life of a mendicant and left for his heavenly abode at a very young age of 39 years. In this paper, I would focus on the relevance of Swami Vivekananda philosophy of work in modern era. Swami Vivekananda taught on both broad and very deep aspects (not restricted to India alone) encompassing Spiritualism, Universal values, Religion, Character building, Education, Spirit of Service and Social issues. Teachings and philosophy of Swami Vivekananda stressed on different aspects of religion, youth, education, faith, character building as well as social issues pertaining to India. His teachings influenced contemporaries, inspired innumerable followers and started off movements all over India. Swami Vivekananda symbolizes courage, boundless energy and fiery enthusiasm. Millions have been influenced just by his personality. His words ring true and shake people out of their passivity, laziness, weakness, Inertia and sufferings. The ideas of Swami ji have been seen through various eyes and new light has been thrown upon these ideas

Study of mullerian anomalies over 5 years in a tertiary care centre

Background: Mullerian anomalies-developmental anomalies of the mullerian system might involve the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and vagina of which anomalies of the uterus are the most common. They are often regarded as a treatable form of infertility and have a prevalence of 0.5% in the general population. Though most of them remain asymptomatic, they contribute a good proportion of recurrent pregnancy losses, obstetric complications and infertility. Their timely diagnosis, management and evaluation of associated anomalies proves to be necessary.Methods: A prospective observational study was undertaken at KIMS, Hubli from 2014 to 2018. The study involved those women who were admitted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at KIMS, Hubli for various reasons and were detected to have a mullerian anomaly. Their mode of presentation, method of detection, associated anomalies were analysed and statistical conclusions drawn from the same.Results: During the study period of 5 years, a total of 85 cases of mullerian anomalies were detected amounting to an incidence of 0.15%. 35% of them were asymptomatic, infertility (24%) being the next common mode of presentation. Septate/sub-septate uterus was found to have the poorest obstetric outcome. Mullerian anomalies were seen in combination in 14% of the cases and had an association with other anomalies like renal anomalies in 10% of the cases. Surgical correction was done for most of the cases of vaginal septum and septate/sub-septate uterus.Conclusions: Mullerian anomalies are often regarded as an uncommon but treatable form of infertility. Their timely detection, treatment and watchful obstetric management is in need

A comparative study on efficacy of nepafenac and flurbiprofen in maintenance of intraoperative mydriasis during cataract surgery: an open label randomized controlled trial

Background: Surgery on the ocular tissue brings about activation of phospholipase A3 thereby releasing prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Prostaglandins bring about meiosis during surgery, changes in IOP, conjunctival hyperaemia. Newer topical NSAID’s Nepafenac and Flurbiprofen are potent inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase enzyme thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of preoperative use of topical Nepafenac (0.1%) and Flurbiprofen (0.03%) in maintenance of intraoperative mydriasis during cataract surgery.Methods: A randomised, comparative study was performed on 104 patients, 52 were allocated in each group and were given either of the topical NSAID’s Nepafenac or Flurbiprofen prior to cataract surgery. Pupillary diameter was measured at the beginning and at the end of the surgery and the values were compared between the groups. Mean and standard deviation was calculated and between two groups comparison was done using students t-test.Results: The mean pupillary diameter of the two groups were comparable at the beginning of surgery (p=0.34). The mean change in the pupillary diameter was 1.86±0.71mm in the Nepafenac group and 1.77±0.72mm in the Flurbiprofen group. There was no statistically significant difference among both the groups in maintenance of intraoperative mydriasis (p=0.47).Conclusions: Pre-operative use of Nepafenac and Flurbiprofen were equally effective in preventing meiosis during cataract surgery

Primary Metabolite Profiling and Antioxidant Potential Assay from Selected Plant Parts of Gmelina arborea

Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing various human diseases and also play an important role in healing as well as for curing human diseases. The present study involves different parts of medicinal plant Gmelina arborea for their primary metabolite profiling and antioxidant potential assay. The different plant parts were washed, air dried and then powdered. Primary constituents have chlorophyll, phenol, carbohydrates (Starch and Total soluble sugar), lipid and protein and antioxidant are Catalase, peroxidase, SOD and FRAP etc. The experimental plant has been used as traditional medicine in India for several medicinal purposes like anthelmintic, diuretic, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antidiabetic. Keywords: Gmelina arborea; Primary Metabolite; Antioxidants

Lingual mandibular bone defect: A case report and review

Lingual mandibular bone defect is an asymptomatic radiolucent lesion of the mandible and usually encountered during routine radiographic examinations. It is essential to diagnose this lesion because of its resemblance with other odontogenic pathologies. A 67-year-old female patient presented with a case of lingual mandibular bone defect which was an incidental finding. Panoramic radiograph and cone-beam computed tomography were used for diagnosing the defect

A longitudinal study of the prevalence of post-surgical inguinodynia and the factors responsible for the development of chronic pain among the patients undergoing open hernioplasty at a tertiary care center

Background: Chronic groin pain (Inguinodynia) is a potential complication following inguinal hernia mesh repair and has a significant impact on the quality of life. The incidence varies among studies ranging between 0% and 62.9%. Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of post-surgical inguinodynia among the patients undergoing open hernioplasty. The secondary objective was to assess the factors associated with the development of post-surgical inguinodynia. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out in a tertiary care center in Bangalore, Karnataka among the hernia patients attending the outpatient department of General Surgery department. A pro forma prepared with expert validation was used to collect details regarding pre-operative characteristics, type of anesthesia, intraoperative findings, and post-operative complications. The pain was assessed by the visual analog scale. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to identify the risk factors. Results: A total of 112 patients underwent hernioplasty. Out of this, 108 were males and 4 were females. The mean age of the patients was 48±10.8 years. Majority of them (84, 77.7%) presented with indirect inguinal hernia. The prevalence of inguinodynia at 3-month post-hernia surgery was 21.4% (n=24). Patients with significant pre-operative pain had higher chances of developing chronic pain (P=0.000). It was found that post-operative surgical site infection was associated with increased chances of development of chronic pain (P=0.000). Conclusion: Our study found that around one-fifth of the hernia patients had developed chronic post-surgical inguinal pain following open hernioplasty. There was no significant relationship between patients’ characteristics and development of chronic post-operative pain. The presence of pre-operative pain and post-operative infection in the patients was significantly associated with the development of chronic pain. Intraoperative nerve identification and chronic post-operative pain did not have a significant relationship in our study. Most of the patients who developed chronic pain had experienced only mild pain and none of them had severe inguinal pain. From the findings of our study, we would like to recommend that all measures must be taken to prevent and treat post-operative surgical site infection which leads to the development of chronic pain in patients