Performance of Improved Forage Species under Dry Temperate Conditions of North Western Himalayas

The dry temperate region of Himalayas is characterized by low precipitation, low temperature and high snowfall. In this region generally, all the areas excluding the intensively cultivated one are used as pasture and grasslands. The area is characterized by sloppy desert mountains with crop growing season of 5-6 months (April to September). In the region due to continuous heavy grazing and lack of management indigenous grass species presently represent the third or fourth stage of degradation. In north western Himalayas livestock plays a significant role in sustaining the livelihood of people, but in the region all forage resources are hardly enough to meet the forage requirement of even 40-50 per cent of the existing livestock population. Under this situation the planting of ecologically adaptable improved grasses and forage legumes appears to be a viable preposition to increase the forage production and availability in the region. Keeping in view this, the present study was undertaken to study the comparative performance of improved grasses and legume species under dry temperate climatic conditions

Novel Design and Simulation of Fuzzy Controller for Turn-On & Turn-Off Angle in Coordination with SRM Speed Control for Electric Vehicles

In current scenario the Switch Reluctance Motor (SRM) are powerful alternative for Electric vehicles applications, due to its simple and rugged structure, high speed, its fault tolerance ability and Magnet free design these attributes make SRM superior to other conventional machines. This motor is a reluctance torque-driven stepper motor that can be used for bi-directional control and self-starting applications. In This paper novel control strategy proposed is to minimizing the Multiobjective function for accurate speed control of SRM by using Mamdani based two input two output fuzzy controller for optimal evaluation of α and β angle by designing closed loop system for accurate speed control of SRM and the corresponding error indices ITAE, IAE, ISE for with and without controller is analysed and compared modelling and simulation is done using MATLAB 2020a

A Novel Approach for Management Zone Delineation by Classifying Spatial Multivariate Data and Analyzing Maps of Crop Yield

Precision farming has been playing a distinguished role over last few years. It encompasses the techniques of Data Mining and Information Technology into agricultural process. The acute task in classic agriculture is fertilization, which makes minerals available for crops. Site specific methods result in imbalanced management within fields which affects the crop yield. Treating the whole field as uniform area is merely heedless as it forces the farmers to use costly resources like fertilizers, pesticides etc., at greater expenses. As the field is heterogeneous, the critical task is to identify which part of the field should be considered and the percentage of fertilizer or pesticide required. In order to increase the yield productivity, concept of Management Zone Delineation (MZD) has to be adopted, which divides the agricultural field into homogeneous subfields, or zones based on the soil parameters. Precision Agriculture focuses on the utilization of Management zones (MZs). In this paper, we have collected huge data of Davanagere agricultural jurisdiction during standard farming operations which reflects the heterogeneity of agricultural field. We base our work on a new Data Mining technique called Kriging, which interpolates soil sample values for the specific region, which in turn helps in converting heterogeneous zones to homogeneous subfields

Prescription pattern of drugs in pregnancy induced hypertension in a tertiary care hospital

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prescription pattern of drugs in pregnancy induced hypertension in a tertiary care hospital.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted by department of Pharmacology in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics in Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally after taking permission from the Institutional Review Board. WHO basic indicators were indicators were used for studying the prescribing pattern of drugs.Results: Out of the total prescriptions studied the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive was Methyldopa, followed by Nifedipine. Amlodipine, Atenolol and Magnesium sulphate were the other drugs prescribed. Majority drugs prescribed were from category B and C. Single drug therapy was prescribed in 46.94% patients. The use of fixed dose combinations was low.Conclusion: The incidence of single drugs therapy and two drugs was high. Irrational prescriptions were few. The present pattern of prescriptions can be improved by advocating rational drug prescription and awareness regarding safe use of drugs to the obstetricians

PRELIMINARY MYCOCHEMICAL, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS, AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF CALOCERA VISCOSA (PERS.) FR.

Objectives: Calocera viscosa, commonly called as the yellow stagshorn, is a jelly fungus, belongs to the family of Dacrymycetales, unknown for its medicinal properties and biological activities. Method: The sporocarps of C. viscosa (Pers.) Fr. were collected from Agumbe, Karnataka. Mycochemical and Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis done by standard procedures and antibacterial activity was done by agar well diffusion method. Results: Physicochemical was analyzed and results revealed the highest percentage of alcohol-soluble extractives were present followed by ash content. Alcohol-soluble extractives were 20.76%, total moisture content (10.9%), and foreign matter (0.5%). Extraction was done by Soxhlet apparatus using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol and subjected to qualitative mycochemicals analysis both petroleum ether and chloroform extract confirms less mycochemicals, whereas ethanolic extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, sterols, glycosides, terpenoids, and phenols. GC–MS analysis of ethanoic extract showed many known bioactive compounds in that, 19 compounds were unknown and 21 compounds were known for its medicinal properties, most of them were food additives and flavoring agents. Antibacterial potentials were studied against pathogenic bacteria revealed that ethanolic extract showed appreciable zone of inhibition against pathogenic bacteria, in that maximum zone of inhibition showed against Klebsiella pneumonia followed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: C. viscosa (Pers.) Fr. sporocarp can be explored for potential antibacterial with rich full of useful mycochemicals

QoS Constrained Optimal Sink and Relay Placement in Planned Wireless Sensor Networks

We are given a set of sensors at given locations, a set of potential locations for placing base stations (BSs, or sinks), and another set of potential locations for placing wireless relay nodes. There is a cost for placing a BS and a cost for placing a relay. The problem we consider is to select a set of BS locations, a set of relay locations, and an association of sensor nodes with the selected BS locations, so that number of hops in the path from each sensor to its BS is bounded by hmax, and among all such feasible networks, the cost of the selected network is the minimum. The hop count bound suffices to ensure a certain probability of the data being delivered to the BS within a given maximum delay under a light traffic model. We observe that the problem is NP-Hard, and is hard to even approximate within a constant factor. For this problem, we propose a polynomial time approximation algorithm (SmartSelect) based on a relay placement algorithm proposed in our earlier work, along with a modification of the greedy algorithm for weighted set cover. We have analyzed the worst case approximation guarantee for this algorithm. We have also proposed a polynomial time heuristic to improve upon the solution provided by SmartSelect. Our numerical results demonstrate that the algorithms provide good quality solutions using very little computation time in various randomly generated network scenarios

Assessment of diagnostic validity of Procalcitonin in burns sepsis patients: A prospective study

INTRODUCTION: Sepsis is one of the major cause of mortality in burns patients.1 Sepsis is defined as systemic inflammatory response with documented infection. If not treated, then the infection will lead to organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion and hypotension called as severe sepsis. Later it will end up with septic shock. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) can be due to either infectious or non infectious cause. In major trauma and burns patients it is always difficult to differentiate whether SIRS is a result of injury itself or due to superimposed infection. Most of the clinical signs of infection such as fever, tachycardia , leucocytosis were also present in SIRS. AIM / OBJECTIVE: 1) To find the diagnostic validity (sensitivity and specificity) of procalcitonin in burns sepsis patients. 2) To find a cut off value of procalcitonin to diagnose sepsis in burns patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective diagnostic study done for a period of 9 months involving 36 cases who sustained > 20% TBSA of second degree burns. The criteria explained by the American Burn Association (ABA – 2007) were used as the reference standard to diagnose sepsis. Patients were continuously monitored for the development of signs and symptoms of sepsis. Procalcitonin (PCT) estimation was done at the time of sepsis and without sepsis. The values of PCT correlate with the sepsis parameters of American Burn Association. Data was analysed using Receiver operating curve analysis, Fisher exact test, t test, Mann whitney U test. RESULTS: The predictive ability of the PCT was determined by using the ROC (Receiver operating curve) and the area under the curve was calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Analysis of the coordinate points reveled the best threshold values of PCT for the prediction of sepsis based on the combination of sensitivity and specificity of each proposed threshold. The cut off value was 5ng/ml based on the ROC analysis at the sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 83.3% with area under the curve was 91%. CONCLUSION: Procalcitonin has sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 83.3% in diagnosing sepsis in burns patients at the cut off value of 5 ng/ml

A comparative study of the Milch method and the Spaso method in the reduction of anterior dislocation of the shoulder

Background: The Milch and Spaso methods are used for reduction of anterior shoulder dislocation of the shoulder. This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of these two methods.Methods: Sixty patients with anterior glenohumeral dislocation were included in this study. 30 patients were reduced by each of the 2 methods and the efficacy and the pain experienced by the patient was studied.Results: Both methods were found to be equally efficacious. The pain felt by the patient was lower in the Milch method but this was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Both the Milch and the Spaso methods are equally effective methods for reduction of anterior dislocation of the shoulder