Comparison of Energy Efficient Clustering Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks –A Review

— Wireless sensor networks with hundreds of sensor nodes have emerged in recent years as important platforms for a wide spectrum of monitoring tasks ranging from environmental to military applications. Its growth is expeditiously increasing and that’s why there is an immense field for research in this area. Sensors depend entirely on the trust of their battery for power, which cannot be revitalized or substituted. So the design of energy aware protocol is essential in respect to enhance the network lifetime. LEACH, LEACH C and HEED are energy-efficient hierarchical based protocols that balances the energy expense, saves the node energy and hence prolongs the lifetime of the network. So this paper presents a detailed review and analysis of these energy efficient protocols. Comparison of various network parameters is done in the form of tables and graphs. In the last of the paper conclusions is drawn

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan- A Successful Scheme of Education in India

The study attempted to know the performance and progress of students enrolled at NFE centers and also available infrastructure and human resources of center in Delhi.   In the study 80 students were selected from four centers. The entire study was conducted in 2 phases. In first phase Standard Procedure for the standardization of Achievement Test, Administration of the Standardized tests on a sample of 80 Students was carried out. In second phase the final data was collected on a sample of 80 students. Findings of the study reveal that the learners studied at the center having adequate facilities 86.50 % marks in math and Hindi and who were studied at  the center having Inadequate learning facilities had less academic achievement (73.60%) than adequate learning centres. The centres which  provide more facilities included learning teaching materials (Level wise text book, Work sheet, Charts, Models, Play materials and toys, Primary science and mathematics kit, Maps and globe, Low cost or zero cost learning materials), basic infrastructural facilities etc., performance of learners  was found better than fewer Inadequate-learning Center. The relationship between teacher’s behaviors on academic achievement of the students, Correlation of Hindi with Math is 0.60, Hindi with Teachers is 0.70 and Math with Teachers is 0.41which positively and highly correlated. Keywords: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Achievemen

Doppler study of umbilical and fetal middle cerebral artery in severe preeclampsia and intra uterine growth restriction and correlation with perinatal outcome

Background: Pre-eclampsia and IUGR are two conditions resulting from defective trophoblastic invasion of spiral arteries and an increase in vascular resistance in uteroplacental circulation. Doppler offers a non-invasive tool for evaluation of fetoplacental blood flow and correlate with fetal compromise giving early warning sign of fetal distress.Methods: The study was conducted in Command Hospital, Lucknow in 100 singleton pregnancies with vertex presentation between 28-40 weeks of gestation with severe preeclampsia and/or IUGR. Doppler analysis of UA and MCA was done. Pregnancies were terminated depending on clinical condition and Doppler results.Results: Abnormal Umbilical artery S/D ratio had strong statistical correlation with poor perinatal outcome. Elevated RI had 100% sensitivity in predicting APGAR48hrs) in predicting poor perinatal outcome. PI values had highest sensitivity for predicting low APGAR values and highest specificity for predicting NICU admission. AEDF and REDF also correlated with adverse perinatal outcome. MCA S/D ratio had a high sensitivity (96.8%) in determining NICU stay>48h and specificity (70%) in determining NICU admissions. RI had highest sensitivity (71.8%) for NICU stay >48hrs and highest specificity for predicting NICU admissions (76.5%). MCA PI had a sensitivity of 66.6% in determining APGAR<7 at 5min and a specificity of 78.7% in determining NICU admissions. CPR had the highest sensitivity (100%) among all indices.Conclusions: The study showed an adverse fetal outcome in cases of severe preeclampsia and or IUGR which showed abnormal Doppler results and thereby help to determine the optimal time for delivery

Tarlov cyst- a rare occurrence: a short series of two cases

Tarlov cysts were first noted and described by Tarlov in 1938. The overall incidence of these is somewhere between 08%-09% of the total population with female preponderance. Most commonly, they are in sacral region. Patients were either asymptomatic or reported in the OPD with low backache with radiculopathy CT guided micro fenestration of the cyst was done using the aspiration-injection technique in the symptomatic patient. The primary outcomes, pain and function, were assessed by using the lumbar spine outcomes questionnaire. The outcome in our cases was excellent in terms of pain intensity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting etc., requiring no further surgical intervention

A systematic literature review of current understanding and future scope on green intellectual capital

Purpose: This paper intends to scrutinize evolution and the growth of literature on green intellectualcapital(GIC)over the period 2008 to 2022, consequences of green intellectual capital, its sectoralclassification, current trends and future scope of research.Design/methodology: For a better understanding of this concept, a systematically arranged reviewwas performed following PRISMA framework. For this, data has been extracted from Scopus and Webof Science databases because they are the largest databases and provide international coverage. Collecteddata was confined on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The paper was sectioned into twotypes of analysis: bibliometric analysis and content analysis. Findings: Results highlighted that green intellectual capital has important meanings in influencingorganisational performance namely economic, social and financial performance. Studies were focusedmainly on Asian countries using quantitative analysis and deduced that researchers were mainly focusedon manufacturing sector. Findings depict that GIC translates into explicit results but when itscomponents’ effects are analysed, they individually show ambiguous results.Research limitations/implications: This study will provide useful insights to researchers,practitioners, managers and policy makers. Findings suggest intangible resource- green intellectual capitalshould be managed efficaciously which will provide competitive benefits and also contribute toorganisations’ financial, social and environmental performance.Originality/value: The existing literature needs to be comprehended and streamlined by interpretingthe nuances in the existing research work for enabling synergy in deciphering the explicit outcomes ofthe extant literature. Also, there are only a few studies focusing on this construct and on its systematicliterature reviewPeer Reviewe

Importance of information technology in Physical Education

Abstract The use of Information Technology (IT) in Physical Education (PE) has become increasingly popular in recent years. This paper provides an overview of the current state of the use of IT in PE, including its benefits and challenges. It also acknowledges some of the challenges associated with the use of IT in PE, including issues related to access, equity, and digital literacy. The paper concludes by suggesting ways in which educators and policymakers can address these challenges and fully realize the potential of IT in PE. In addition to enhancing teaching and learning in PE, IT can also play a role in promoting physical activity and healthy lifestyles among students. Mobile apps and wearable devices can be used to track students' physical activity levels and provide personalized feedback and motivation. Social media and other online platforms can also be used to create a supportive and inclusive community that encourages students to be active and healthy. &nbsp

The effect of clonidine with bupivacaine on perioperative hemodynamics and post-operative analgesia in cesarean section cases

Background: Cesarean section is the commonest procedure in Obstetric practice and postoperative pain can be a major factor for wound healing as well as mother and baby bonding. Spinal anesthesia is considered to be safest and easiest modality for cesarean section cases. Bupivacaine is the commonest drug given in spinal anesthesia, but many additive drugs have been introduced to cover post-operative analgesia. Clonidine is an alpha 2 agonist which can be used as an adjunct to heavy bupivacaine to extend analgesic effects.Methods: A randomized double-blind study was performed in 100 women undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. After proper informed written consent patient undergoing cesarean section were divided by computerized method into group A (Given 10.0 mg 0.5% hyperbaric Bupivacaine) and Group B (Given 9.0 mg 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 30 μg clonidine).Results: Intraoperative hypotension is the most worrisome factor but it is transient and can be managed by ephedrine effectively. Intraoperative nausea and vomiting are slightly higher with clonidine as occurrence of hypotension is more. VAS scoring in post-operative period was better and need of first analgesic dose was much delayed in women been given clonidine with bupivacaine.Conclusions: Clonidine can be considered as adjunct in spinal anesthesia to extend post-op analgesic cover.