Implementation of a MSP430-based ultrasonic distance measurement module

This application report describes a distance-measuring system based on ultrasonic sound utilizing the MSP430F413 ultralow-power microcontroller. The system transmits a burst of ultrasonic sound waves towards the subject and then receives the corresponding echo. The MSP430 integrated analog comparator Comparator_A is used to detect the arrival of the echo to the system. The time taken for the ultrasonic burst to travel the distance from the system to the subject and back to the system is accurately measured by the MSP430. Assuming the speed of sound in air at room temperature to be 1100 ft/s, the MSP430 computes the distance between the system and the subject and displays it using a two-digit static LCD driven by its integrated LCD driver. The distance is displayed in inches with an accuracy of ±1 inch. The minimum distance that this system can measure is eight inches and is limited by the transmitter’s transducer settling-time. The maximum distance that can be measured is ninetynine inches. The amplitude of the echo depends on the reflecting material, shape, and size. Sound-absorbing targets such as carpets and reflecting surfaces less than two square feet in area reflect poorly. The maximum measurable range is lower for such subjects. If the amplitude of the echo received by the system is so low that it is not detectable by the Comparator_A, the system goes out of range. This is indicated by displaying the error message E

Effect of Poro and Thermo Elasticity on the Evolution of Fracture Permeability in A Coupled Fracture-Skin-Matrix System

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

A Novel Method to Develop High Fidelity Laser Sensor Simulation Model for Evaluation of Air to Ground Weapon Algorithms of Combat Aircraft

Successful release of any air to ground weapon from a combat aircraft is determined based on the positional parameters received from the sensors and the mission cues. Laser designated pod is one of the most sought weapon sensor, which gives the accurate data for Air to Ground weapon aiming. Laser designated pod being hardware intensive system, works with real world environment, it increases the development and integration effort towards finalising the weapon aiming algorithms and also pilot vehicle interface requirements. A novel method using mathematical models and the atmospheric error models is proposed to develop a high fidelity laser designated pod simulation model for functional and performance evaluation of weapon algorithms. The factors affecting the weapon trajectory computations are also considered in the sensor model outputs. The sensor model is integrated in the high fidelity flight simulator, which consists of both aircraft and Real world systems either as actual or simulated for close loop pilot evaluation. The behaviour of the sensor model is cross validated and fine-tuned with the actual sensor output and confirmed that the developed laser designated pod sensor simulation model meets all the requirement to test the air to ground weapons in the flight simulator

SOCIAL INTERACTION AMONG MULTIETHNIC PUPILS IN MALAYSIAN VISION SCHOOLS

This study explores the patterns of friendship and social interaction among multiethnic pupils in a Malaysian Vision School environment. The Vision School is a school environment which consists of two or three primary schools of different streams; that is, a National School, a National Type Chinese School and a National Type Tamil School which are placed in one area and share common facilities. The aim is to nurture unity and integration among pupils regardless of race, religion and background. The research sample consists of 89 pupils  of a Vision School located in Kedah, Malaysia. They comprise 60 pupils from a National School and 29 pupils from a National Type Tamil School. Guided questionnaires were used to obtain quantitative data from the pupils. The findings indicate that a majority of the pupils in the Vision School environment were fonder of displaying friendship and interaction with friends from the same ethnic group rather than those from other ethnicities. Keywords: interaction, friendship, pupil, ethnicity, vision schoo

Dynamics of top-down factors with relation to ecological attributes of an endangered species Commiphora wightii

Present study was aimed to explore the influence of top down factors on ecological attributes of Commiphora wightii collected from seven districts of arid and semi arid parts of the Rajasthan. Ecological variables in respect of 46 accessions of this species were quantified. To assess the explanatory factors governing quantified ecological variables, soil samples were collected to analyze soil texture, soil EC, pH, available potassium, available phosphorus and total soil nitrogen. Results showed that there was a specific relationship between soil variables and occurence of C. wightii. The mid ranges of potassium (200-300 kg/ha) emerged as favourable to have better density and health of C. wightii: This is the first report on regulatory role of potassium on distribution and occurrence of C. wightii

Providing Security to Wireless Packet Networks by using Optimized Security Method

Now-a-days technology is growing very fast, due to rapid development of the technology in computer arena, communication through network become a habit to the users. Communication through network is happen using two channels i.e., by connection oriented and connection less. At present users prefer wireless networks for communication and transferring data due to its flexibility. So in this paper we are focusing on wireless networking, as it is not reliable we are proposing an optimized security technique to provide security to the communication on wireless. In this paper we mainly focus on packet scheduling which plays the vital role in the transmission of data over wireless networks. We are using optimized security technique to secure the packets at initial level itself while scheduling the packets. Keywords: Real-Time Packets, Packet Scheduling, Wireless Networks, Security, Cryptography, Secret key, Bandwidth

Passive Source Localization Using Compressively Sensed Towed Array

The objective of this work is to estimate the sparse angular power spectrum using a towed acoustic pressure sensor (APS) array. In a passive towed array sonar, any reduction in the analog sensor signal conditioning receiver hardware housed inside the array tube, significantly improves the signal integrity and hence the localization performance. In this paper, a novel sparse acoustic pressure sensor (SAPS) array architecture is proposed to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of multiple acoustic sources. Bearing localization is effectively achieved by customizing the Capons spatial filter algorithm to suit the SAPS array architecture. Apart from the Monte Carlo simulations, the acoustic performance of the SAPS array with compressively sensed minimum variance distortionless response (CS-MVDR) filter is demonstrated using a real passive towed array data. The proposed sparse towed array architecture promises a significant reduction in the analog signal acquisition receiver hardware, transmission data rate, number of snapshots and software complexity.Defence Science Journal, 2013, 63(6), pp.630-635, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.63.576

A Study of association between Metabolic Syndrome and Nephrolithiasis.

INTRODUCTION ; Urinary stone disease is a common disease affecting mankind and it was described since historical times. The life time risk of developing stone disease was 1% to 15 %. It varies between races, geographical area of living, age2, gender, occupation etc. Generally there is increased prevalence of stone disease in western countries when compared to south Asian countries, but due to westernization of culture in these countries there is increased incidence of nephrolithiasis. Nephrolithiasis were polycrystalline aggregates containing various proportions of crystal and organic matrix components. The common nephrolithiasis calculus were calcium oxalate stones, calcium phosphate stones,uric acid stones,calcium magnesium ammonium phosphate stone (triple phosphate stone or struvite stone) and cystine stone. Due to advances in the investigation modalities for the diagnosis of nephrolithiasis, stone disease was increasingly diagnosed prior to their symptomatic presentation. And also due to marked advancement in technology, nephrolithiasis were increasingly treated by non invasive methods like Extra corporial Lithotripsy (ESWL) and by minimal invasive procedures like Per cutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). These procedures treat the nephrolithiasis patients with less morbidity and with good results. AIM AND OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis. To evaluates the relationship between each metabolic syndrome constituents with nephrolithiasis. MATERIAL AND METHODS : Details of the study explained to each and every cases and control patients. Informed consent obtained from all of the cases and control. Patients were evaluated in detail. The details obtained from the patients were recorded in the proforma. Analysis was done with the collected details prospectively. Inclusion Criteria : Patients with unilateral or bilateral renal calculus. Controls: Individuals without renal calculus. Exclusion Criteria : Patients with congenital renal abnormalities, Acute or Chronic renal failure patients, Patients with metabolic bone disorder or taking treatment for Osteoporosis, Patients with gout, Patients with major debilitating disease like cancer, Patients with complication of calculus disease like Calculus, pyelonephritis, pyonephrosis or perinephric abscess, Pregnancy, Patients with contracted kidney. Controls: Patients with previous history of nephrolithiasis and other criteria’s are as for the cases. CONCLUSION : The conclusions of this study are Metabolic syndrome is significantly associated with nephrolithiasis. Of the components of metabolic syndrome a statistically significant association with nephrolithiasis is noted for increased waist circumference and hypertension. In the present study the other three components of metabolic syndrome namely diabetes mellitus, increased serum triglycerides and decreased serum HDL were found to be statistically insignificant with regard to nephrolithiasis