Growth and Hemato-Immunological Response to Dietary i-Carrageenan in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Juveniles

The study was performed over a period of 60 days to evaluate the effect of dietary carrageenan on growth, hematology, biochemistry, and innate immunity in rohu Labeo rohita. A basal diet supplemented with iota (i)Carrageenan at 5, 10 and 20g/kg was fed to three different groups of fish for 60 days. The fish were examined 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after commencement of the study. Parameters for growth (absolute growth, specific growth rate, and percentage weight gain), hematology (total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, thrombocyte count and hemoglobin value), biochemistry (total serum protein, albumin, globulin and albuminglobulin ratio), and innate immunity (nitroblue tetrazolium NBT, and myeloperoxidase MPO, activity) were monitored to assess the effect of the iCarrageenan based diet in L. rohita. All the parameters examined (growth, hematology, biochemistry, and innate immunity) increased significantly (P<0.05) in carrageenan-fed groups compared to the control group. However, the highest values for those parameters were found on the 60th day in the group which was fed a 10 g/kg i-Carrageenan diet. The study suggests that a 10 g/kg diet of i-carrageenan enhances immunity and the overall health status in L. rohita

A Survey on Management of Misbehaving Node in MANET

Abstract: MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is a dynamically changing network which is self-configuring and used in infrastructure less environment. The nodes in MANET act as router and due to its dynamically changing topology it is more open to attacks that causes network issues and service failures. The malicious node(s) causes dropping of packets are black hole and nodes which are dropping and forwarding only selective packets are called as gray hole which is very difficult to detect as other reasons such as congestion and low bandwidth are also responsible for dropping of packets. So, the security solution must be developed to detect and manage black and gray hole attack. In this paper we attempted to mitigate the black hole and gray hole attack and how these attacks are managed

Immunosuppressive and anti-cancer potential of aqueous extract of Solanum Xanthocarpum

In this study whole plant aqueous extract of Solanum Xanthocarpum (HAESX) was investigated to assess its effect on humoral immune response along with interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and its expression in Wistar albino rats splenocytes culture. Anticancer potential of HAESX was investigated using rat lever hepatoma (N1S1 cancerous cell line). The effect of HAESX over humoral immune response was studied using four groups of five animals each (Group-I as control, Group -II orally fed with 125 mg/kg body weight, Group -III orally fed with 250 mg/kg body weight and Group -IV orally fed with 500 mg/kg body weight of HAESX). Quantification of IL-2 was done by sandwich ELISA and its expression was detected by the real time PCR. SRB assay (Sulforhodamine B) was done for detecting the effect of HAESX on N1S1 cell line. Dose dependent decrease in antibody titer was observed and production of IL-2 was also decreased significantly. Suppression of IL-2 production at 250 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL dose was also confirmed by the Real time PCR. Relative fold change in the expression of IL-2 gene was 592.22 and 10.77 at 250, 500 μg/mL HAESX concentrations respectively with respect to control. Dose dependent suppression of percent growth of N1S1 cells with increasing concentrations (10, 20, 40 and 80 µg/mL) of HAESX was found. It was concluded that S. xanthocarpum have the immunosuppressive, and anti cancer activity that can be further explore in treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune disease

Intuitive evaluation of contemporary management strategies in thymoma — the largest Indian experience

Background: The aim was perusal of the treatment strategies, clinical outcomes and factors impacting these outcomes in thymoma. Materials and methods: A total of 119 patients diagnosed and treated cases of thymoma, at our hospital, were taken for analysis. Thirty-one patients were excluded due to inadequate medical records. Descriptive statistics were used to report demographic and clinical characteristics. Time period between diagnosis and death was defined as overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis (MVA), using cox regression modelling, was done by including clinicopathological factors in a bid to identify prognostic factors influencing OS. SPSS version 26 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.17 years and 39 (44.3%), 19 (21.6%), 17 (1.3%) and 13 (4.8%) patients presented with Masaoka stage II, IV, III and I, respectively. Surgery was done in 64 (72.7%) of the patients as a part of the treatment strategy. Radiotherapy was administered to a total of 57 patients with a median dose of 50.4 Gy. Early Masaoka stage at presentation and use of surgery in the treatment plan were statistically significant prognostic factors for a better overall survival on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Judicious use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in locally advanced cases may render them resectable. In a bid to gain good survival rates, aggressive multimodality treatment should be offered to the patients

Determination of ‘Pressure Application Window’ (PAW) for the Vacuum Enhanced Resin Infusion Technology (VERITy) Process

Vacuum Enhanced Resin Infusion Technology (VERITY) is a hybridization of the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) and the autoclave molding processes. In this technique, innovative tooling concepts have been adopted and more importantly, an external pressure is applied at an appropriate time, after infusion has been completed. The application of external pressure ensures uniform consolidation, optimum fiber content, and low void content in the laminates. In the present study, a systematic approach has been taken to determine the pressure application window (PAW) for the RTM 120 resin system. Viscosity measurements, dielectric measurements and squeeze flow experiments were employed to determine the PAW. Parameters of void content and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) have been chosen to evaluate the PAW determined

Isolation, Identification, and Pathogenicity of a Virulent Aeromonas jandaei Associated with Mortality of Farmed Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, in India

The present study was conducted to investigate the bacterial pathogens involved in the mortality of cultured Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Diseased fish samples were collected from Maharashtra, India for the isolation of pathogenic bacteria. The pathogenic bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis which revealed that they were 99% identical with Aeromonas jandaei. The bacterial isolates were further characterized using biochemical methods. The lowest bacterial dose which caused 50% cumulative mortality (LD50) in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was 8.84 X 105 CFU per fish. This was achieved by injecting the fish intraperitoneally with pure culture of A.jandaei isolated from diseased fish. Histopathogical studies revealed necrosis hemorrhaging, and other cellular alterations of different tissues of collected organs viz. gill, liver, and kidney of P. hypophthalmus, observed with the diseased conditions

BCG reaction in a Health Worker – A Medical Error

Exposure to blood-borne pathogens from sharp injuries continue to pose a significant risk to healthcare workers (HCW). The number of sharps injuries sustained by HCW is still unclear, primarily due to under-reporting of events. Healthcare professionals are at risk of sustaining such injuries from hollow-bore needles. Sharps injuries are associated with risk of infection with blood-borne pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis C virus (HCV) and other live organisms. Here we are reporting a case of an adverse reaction in a HCW due to an accidental sharps injury by a needle used to administer the Bacillus Calmittee Gurien (BCG) vaccine

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Not AvailableThe present investigation along the Mahim creek of Mumbai was performed for the study of water quality parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and fecal coliform using water quality index for the evaluation of the deterioration level. The study was carried for one year period during October 2016 to September 2017. Samples were collected from three stations viz. Mahim-Bandra Pipe Line, Bandra-Sion Link Road and Bandra-Kurla Complex along the creek. National Sanitation Foundation's Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) method followed with modified relative weights assigned by Central Pollution Control Board using unique score value that state the level of deterioration. Study reveals that the Mahim creek water quality was bad to very bad throughout the year indicating in appropriate for propagation of aquatic life and commercial fisheries mentioned in Seawater II. It could be due to domestic waste and industrial effluents released indiscrimenately that has severely deteriorated the quality of creek water. Present investigation suggests that, effluents treatment is required to bring them into the biodegradable belt and make sure that local sewer limits are maintained. Also illegal encroachment, reclamation construction, dumping along the creek should stopped and mangrove plantation should be made along the creek to protect the aquatic ecosystem and mangrove forest.Not Availabl

Homogenization of a pore scale model for precipitation and dissolution in porous media

In this paper we employ homogenization techniques to provide a rigorous derivation of the Darcy scale model for precipitation and dissolution in porous media proposed in [19]. The starting point is the pore scale model in [12], which is a coupled system of evolution equations, involving a parabolic equation and an ordinary differential equation. The former models ion transport and is defined in a periodically perforated medium. It is further coupled through the boundary conditions to the latter, defined on the boundaries of the perforations and modelling the dissolution and precipitation of the precipitate. The main challenge is in dealing with the dissolution and precipitation rates, which involve a monotone but multi-valued mapping. Due to this, the micro-scale solution lacks regularity. With e being the scale parameter (the ratio between the micro scale and the macro scale length), we adopt the 2-scale framework to achieve the convergence of the homogenization procedure as e approaches zero